Unit IV

Industrial IoT: CYBER PHYSICAL SYSTEM

Introduction to Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), Architecture of CPS- Components, Data
science and technology for CPS, Emerging applications in CPS in different fields. Case study:
Application of CPS in health care domain.
CO3: To Understand the CPS for Industry 4.0
CO4 :Analyze privacy and security measures for industry standard solutions

SI.N QUESTIONS Bloom’s

O Taxonom
y Level
1. Define Cypher Physical System. K1
A cyber-physical system is a system that combines computer and physical
components to monitor and control physical processes. So, a CPS is a network
of computing devices that communicate with one another. Moreover, it engages
in feedback loop interactions with the physical world through sensors and
actuators.
2. K1
What is Prototype of CPS?
3. K2
Draw the architecture of Cypher Physical System.

4. K2
What are the emerging applications in CPS?

5. K2
Give examples of wearable CPS.
1. Smartwatches: These devices combine physical sensors (e.g., heart rate
monitors, accelerometers) with computing capabilities and wireless
connectivity to track fitness metrics, monitor health parameters, and provide
notifications.
2. Fitness Trackers: Similar to smartwatches, fitness trackers often include
sensors to monitor physical activity, heart rate, and sleep patterns. They use
CPS technology to process data and provide feedback to users about their health
and fitness.
3. Smart Clothing: Clothing embedded with sensors and actuators can monitor
body movements, posture, and vital signs. This data can be used for various
applications, including sports performance analysis, healthcare monitoring, and
rehabilitation.
4. Augmented Reality (AR) Glasses: AR glasses overlay digital information
onto the user's field of view, combining physical reality with virtual elements.
These devices typically include sensors, cameras, and displays to create
immersive experiences.
 5. Wearable Medical Devices: These include devices like insulin pumps,
continuous glucose monitors, and portable ECG monitors that integrate sensors,
actuators, and computing capabilities to monitor health parameters and deliver
treatments.
6. Smart Jewelry: Jewelry items like smart rings or bracelets may include sensors
for tracking activity, monitoring stress levels, or providing notifications
discreetly.
7. Wearable Cameras: Devices like body cameras, helmet cameras, or wearable
action cameras incorporate physical sensors (e.g., image sensors, gyroscopes)
and wireless connectivity for capturing and sharing visual data.
8. Exoskeletons: Exoskeletons are wearable robotic devices that augment the
wearer's physical abilities. They typically include sensors, actuators, and
control systems to assist with mobility, strength, or rehabilitation.

6. K1
List out Examples of CPS.
Autonomous vehicles
Intelligent buildings
Implantable medical technology
Self-driving vehicles
Planes that automatically fly in regulated airspace
7. K1
What is CPS in IoT?
Ans.Cyber-physical systems act as a basis for the IoT by merging physics with
potentially networked and connected cyber components.
8. K2
What are the components of CPS?

9. K2
Define e-health.
e-health is an emerging field in the intersection of medical informatics, public
health and business, referring to health services and information delivered or
enhanced through the Internet and related technologies. In a broader sense, the
term characterizes not only a technical development, but also a state-of-mind, a
 way of thinking, an attitude, and a commitment for networked, global thinking,
to improve health care locally, regionally, and worldwide by using information
and communication technology.
10. What are the benefits of Electronic Health Records? K1
 Providing accurate, up-to-date, and complete information about
patients at the point of care Enabling quick access to patient records for
more coordinated, efficient care Securely sharing electronic
information with patients and other clinicians
Helping providers more effectively diagnose patients, reduce medical
errors, and provide safer care
Improving patient and provider interaction and communication, as well as
health care convenience Enabling safer, more reliable prescribing Helping
promote legible, complete documentation and accurate, streamlined coding
and billing Enhancing privacy and security of patient data
Helping providers improve productivity and work-life balance
Enabling providers to improve efficiency and meet their business goals
Reducing costs through decreased paperwork, improved safety, reduced
duplication of testing, and improved health.

PART-B

SI.NO QUESTIONS Bloom’s

Taxonomy
Level
1. Explain the architecture and Components of the Cyber-Physical K2
Systems.
2. Explain eHealth IOT applications in detail. K2
3. Explain application of IOT in healthcare K2
4. Explain advanced technologies related to security in iiot K3
 UNIT-V
Industrial IoT- Application Domains
Industrial IoT- Application Domains: Healthcare, Power Plants, Inventory Management
& Quality Control, Plant Safety and Security (Including AR and VR safety applications),
Facility Management.
SI.NO QUESTIONS Bloom’s
Taxonomy
Level
1. What is human-computer interaction in healthcare? K1
Humans interact with computers through a user interface. This
includes software, such as what is displayed on the computer
monitor, and hardware, such as the mouse, keyboard and other
peripheral devices. In a corporate or factory setting, a poor user
interface could have more severe consequences.
2. Define facility management. K1

Facility management (FM) is a profession that encompasses

multiple disciplines to ensure functionality, comfort, safety and
efficiency of the built environment by integrating people, place,
process and technology

3. K2
How can facility managers make IoT devices perfect in the digital
world?
The internet of things is of great need to connect businesses with
their employees so that they could be well informed about the
capabilities of the integrated facility management. Hence, you
should also understand that the internet of things is not top rob
your office or premises but needed to find vital metrics for your
business.
4. K2
What is meant by inventory management and quality control?
IoT inventory management refers to the supervision of numerous
processes when the managers order, store, use, transport, and sell
the firm's inventories. All these activities may include work with
raw materials, constituent elements, and/or ready-made products.
5. List the Industrial applications of AR. K2
Maintenance and Repair: Technicians use AR to access real-time
instructions and data while performing maintenance tasks,
improving accuracy and speed.
Training and Simulation: AR provides immersive training
environments for workers to practice tasks in a safe and controlled
 setting.
Quality Control: AR assists inspectors by overlaying digital
information onto physical products to identify defects or
discrepancies.
Remote Assistance: Experts provide real-time guidance to field
workers through AR, improving troubleshooting and problem-
solving.
Logistics and Warehousing: AR optimizes warehouse operations
by providing real-time information about inventory location and
picking instructions.
Design and Prototyping: AR aids in visualizing virtual prototypes
overlaid onto physical environments, facilitating design evaluation
and collaboration.
Safety Training: AR simulates hazardous scenarios for safety
training without real-world risks.
Field Service: Service technicians use AR to access equipment
manuals and troubleshooting guides while servicing equipment,
enhancing efficiency.
Product Demonstrations and Sales: AR enhances product
demonstrations and sales pitches by providing interactive and
immersive experiences.
These applications highlight how AR is transforming various
industrial sectors by improving productivity, safety, and
efficiency.
6. K1
List the Industrial applications of VR in iot.
1. Remote Monitoring and Control: VR interfaces can be used to
visualize and interact with IoT sensor data from remote locations.
This allows operators to monitor equipment status, environmental
conditions, and other IoT-generated data in a virtual environment,
enabling remote control and management of industrial systems.
2. Training and Simulation: VR can simulate realistic industrial
environments where IoT-enabled equipment and systems are in
operation. This provides a safe and immersive training
environment for workers to learn how to interact with IoT devices,
troubleshoot issues, and practice emergency procedures without
the risk of real-world accidents or disruptions.
3. Predictive Maintenance: By integrating VR with IoT data
analytics, maintenance technicians can visualize equipment health
and performance metrics in real-time. VR simulations can predict
potential failures based on IoT sensor data, allowing proactive
maintenance activities to be planned and executed more
effectively, thereby minimizing downtime and reducing
 maintenance costs.
4. Virtual Prototyping and Design: VR enables engineers and
designers to create virtual prototypes of IoT-enabled products and
systems. By immersing themselves in a virtual environment, they
can interact with IoT-connected components and test different
design configurations, optimizing product performance and
functionality before physical prototypes are built.
5. Supply Chain Visualization: VR can be used to visualize and
analyze complex supply chain networks that rely on IoT-enabled
tracking and monitoring systems. By integrating IoT data streams
into VR simulations, supply chain managers can identify
bottlenecks, optimize logistics routes, and improve overall supply
chain efficiency.
6. Smart Factory Management: VR interfaces can provide real-
time visibility into IoT-enabled manufacturing processes within
smart factories. Plant managers can use VR to monitor production
lines, track inventory levels, and analyze operational data
collected from IoT sensors embedded in machinery and
equipment, enabling better decision-making and resource
allocation.
7. Augmented Maintenance and Repair: VR headsets equipped
with augmented reality (AR) capabilities can overlay IoT sensor
data and maintenance instructions onto physical equipment in real-
time. Maintenance technicians can use VR-enabled AR to
visualize equipment diagnostics, access repair manuals, and
perform hands-on maintenance tasks more efficiently, reducing
downtime and improving equipment reliability.

7. K1
Define Plant Safety and Security in IOT.
Plant safety and security in the context of IoT (Internet of Things) refers
to the utilization of connected devices, sensors, and data analytics to
ensure the well-being of personnel, protection of assets, and prevention
of incidents within industrial facilities or plants.

8. K2
Define the role of Power Plants in iot.
Power plants in the context of IoT (Internet of Things) refer to electricity
generation facilities equipped with interconnected devices, sensors, and
data analytics capabilities to enhance operational efficiency, reliability,
and safety.
9. List the components and functionalities involved in IoT-enabled K2
power plants:

1. Sensors and Devices: IoT-enabled power plants are equipped

with a variety of sensors and devices distributed throughout the
 facility to monitor various parameters and components. These
sensors can measure factors such as temperature, pressure,
humidity, flow rates, vibration, and gas emissions.
2. Data Acquisition and Monitoring: The sensors collect real-time
data from different parts of the power plant, including turbines,
boilers, generators, transformers, and environmental control
systems. This data is transmitted to a centralized monitoring
system via wired or wireless networks.
3. Data Analytics and Predictive Maintenance: Advanced
analytics algorithms analyze the data collected from sensors to
detect patterns, anomalies, and potential issues in equipment
performance. Predictive maintenance models use this data to
anticipate equipment failures and schedule maintenance
proactively, reducing downtime and extending the lifespan of
critical assets.
4. Remote Monitoring and Control: IoT technology enables
remote monitoring and control of power plant operations from
centralized control rooms or via mobile devices. Operators can
access real-time data, receive alerts for abnormal conditions, and
make adjustments to optimize performance and efficiency.
5. Energy Management and Optimization: IoT-enabled power
plants use energy management systems to optimize the generation,
distribution, and consumption of electricity. These systems
leverage real-time data to adjust power output, manage grid
integration, and optimize energy efficiency.
6. Safety and Security: IoT devices enhance safety and security in
power plants by continuously monitoring environmental
conditions, equipment status, and potential hazards. They can
detect leaks, overheating, fires, and other safety risks, triggering
alarms and initiating emergency protocols when necessary.
7. Asset Tracking and Inventory Management: IoT solutions
enable asset tracking and inventory management in power plants,
allowing operators to monitor the location, condition, and usage of
critical components, spare parts, and consumables. This improves
inventory control, reduces losses, and ensures timely availability
of resources.
8. Integration with Smart Grids and Renewable Energy Sources:
IoT-enabled power plants are integrated with smart grid systems
and renewable energy sources to facilitate seamless energy
distribution, demand response, and grid stability. This integration
enables dynamic load balancing, energy storage management, and
integration of intermittent renewable energy generation.

10. Discuss the AR and VR safety applications in IOT K1

 AR and VR can contribute to safety in IoT environments:

1. Safety Training and Simulation: AR and VR can provide

immersive training simulations for workers to practice safety
procedures and emergency responses in realistic environments.
IoT sensors can simulate hazardous conditions or scenarios,
allowing workers to learn how to react appropriately without
exposing themselves to real dangers.
2. Maintenance and Inspection: AR glasses or VR headsets
equipped with IoT sensors can overlay real-time data and
instructions onto physical equipment during maintenance or
inspection tasks. This enables technicians to access equipment
manuals, schematics, and diagnostic information hands-free,
reducing the risk of errors and accidents.
3. Remote Assistance: AR-enabled smart glasses or VR systems can
facilitate remote assistance for field workers by connecting them
with experts who can provide real-time guidance and support. IoT
sensors can stream live data from the field, allowing remote
experts to assess situations and provide instructions for safe and
efficient problem-solving.
4. Safety Visualization and Hazard Identification: AR and VR
technologies can visualize IoT sensor data in 3D virtual
environments, enabling users to identify safety hazards and assess
risks more effectively. By overlaying sensor data onto physical
spaces, workers can visualize potential hazards, such as high-
temperature areas or gas leaks, and take appropriate precautions.
5. Emergency Response and Evacuation Planning: AR and VR
simulations can help organizations plan and rehearse emergency
response procedures, such as evacuation drills or disaster
scenarios. By immersing users in virtual environments, these
simulations provide realistic experiences that prepare them to
respond quickly and effectively to emergencies.
6. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Monitoring: IoT sensors
embedded in PPE, such as helmets or vests, can monitor vital
signs, environmental conditions, and worker movements in real-
time. AR and VR interfaces can display this data to workers,
alerting them to potential safety risks or reminding them to wear
PPE correctly to mitigate hazards.
7. Environmental Monitoring and Control: AR and VR systems
can visualize real-time environmental data collected by IoT
sensors, such as air quality, temperature, and humidity levels.
Workers can use this information to assess environmental
conditions and make informed decisions to ensure their safety and
well-being.
8. Safety Compliance and Auditing: AR and VR technologies can
streamline safety compliance processes by providing interactive
 interfaces for documenting safety inspections, audits, and incident
reports. IoT sensors can capture data during inspections, which
can then be visualized and analyzed in AR or VR environments to
identify areas for improvement and ensure regulatory compliance.

PART-B

SI.NO QUESTIONS Bloom’s

Taxonomy
Level
1. K2
Elaborate the applications of Industry 4.0 in power plants.

2. Write short note on iiot in food industry? K2

3. Explain in detail about plant safety and security measures with K2
respect to AR & VR applications.
4. Write short notes on Facility management. K2