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ECEG-3174 Introduction to Communication Systems

Tutorial: Review points


Bethelhem Seifu ([email protected])
December 1, 2024
Learning Objectives

Upon completion of this tutorial questions, you will be able to:

• Grasp the architecture and operation of end-to-end communication systems, including


transmitters, channels, and receivers.
• Analyze the differences, advantages, and limitations of wired and wireless communication systems
in various applications.
• Understand the principles and applications of analog modulation schemes such as AM, FM, and
DSB-SC, along with their noise performance.
• Identify and model common channel impairments like attenuation, distortion, and interference,
and understand their effects on transmitted signals.
• Apply theoretical knowledge to evaluate and optimize real-world communication systems
considering performance trade-offs.

Question1:

You are tasked with designing a wireless optical communication system to transmit a 50 dBm narrow-
width (𝜏 = 10−6 𝑠𝑒𝑐) rectangular pulse information signal. The system uses Double Sideband Suppressed
Carrier (DSB-SC) modulation with a 400 kW carrier for transmission at a wavelength of 850 nm and
operates in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise, with a power spectral density of 𝑁0 =
5 × 10−11 W/Hz.

a) Determine the maximum size of the antenna that can be used at both the transmitter and receiver,
considering practical constraints and optimal efficiency.
b) Given the free-space path loss (propagation loss), additional atmospheric loss of 20dB due to
weather conditions and the receiver's signal sensitivity of -85 dBm, calculate the required channel
bandwidth and the maximum distance between the transmitter and receiver.
c) Evaluate the figure of merits of DSB-SC transmission system and figure of merits of the receiver
device.
d) Evaluate how the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) would improve if the transmission
wavelength is changed from 850 nm to 1550 nm. (keeping other factors, the same)
ECEG-3174 Introduction to Communication Systems
Tutorial: Review points
Bethelhem Seifu ([email protected])
December 1, 2024
Question 2:

Consider an FM-modulated Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) system used in a cable TV


broadcast network. The system operates in a frequency range between 100MHz and 200 MHz
transmitting multiple channels simultaneously, each modulating with bandwidth of 6 MHz. The channel
introduces an attenuation of 0.5 dB/km, and crosstalk from adjacent channels.

a) Calculate the total attenuation for 100 Km long transmission wire that affects the received signal.
a) Determine the bandwidth per Tv channel that must be used to ensure that an incoming signal
with 𝑆𝑁𝑅𝑖𝑛 = 9.5 𝑑𝐵 at the receiver’s demodulator input is recovered to meet the minimum
SNR quality threshold of 45 dB for video at the demodulator output. (Take 4.7 dB peak-to-rms
ratio of the message signal amplitude).
b) Calculate the total transmission bandwidth used to transmit 5 Tv channel signals with considered
10KHz guard between each signal.
c) If de-emphasis network is used with a gain of 7 dB, how would the total transmission bandwidth
would change?
d) The channel experiences crosstalk (interference), where 5 % of the signal’s power leaks into
adjacent channels even with considered 10KHz guard band. If the transmitted power per channel
is 1000mW, calculate
• The interference power in an adjacent channel?
• The minimum guard band, 𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑤 , needed to prevent crosstalk if the interference power
should not exceed 1 mW, how will this impact the overall bandwidth requirement? (Using
the assumption that interference power reduces inversely with the square of the frequency separation (common
𝑓 2
for practical systems): gard 𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑓−𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 𝑃𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑓 ( 𝑜𝑙𝑑 ) )
𝑜𝑙𝑑 𝑓𝑛𝑒𝑤

Question 3:

A satellite communication system uses Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) to transmit phase
modulated several signals at different frequencies. The channel between the satellite and ground station
is subject to atmospheric interference, Doppler shifts (frequency shift), and noise.
ECEG-3174 Introduction to Communication Systems
Tutorial: Review points
Bethelhem Seifu ([email protected])
December 1, 2024
1. In a practical satellite communication system, how does the receiver compensate for Doppler
shifts, and how does this relate to the modulation and demodulation process?
2. How does atmospheric interference affect the signal integrity, and what measures can be taken to
mitigate it?
3. Calculate the expected SNR at the receiver output given that the received signal power is 50 mW
and the noise power spectral density is 𝑁0 = 10−13 W/Hz. (take: Phase sensitivity = 50𝜋
rad/W)

Note : Doppler Shift: the frequency change of a wave due to the relative motion between the source and
the observer. In the context of communication systems (e.g., wireless signals), it is calculated as:

𝑣
𝒇𝒅 = 𝒇 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜽
𝑐 𝒄
𝒇 = 𝒇𝒄 + 𝒇𝒅

Parameters:

• 𝒇: frequency of the received signal (in, Hz).


• 𝒇𝒅 : Doppler shift (change in frequency, Hz).
• 𝒗: Relative velocity between the transmitter and receiver (m/s).
• 𝒄: Speed of the wave (𝒄 ≈ 𝟑 × 𝟏𝟎𝟖 𝒎/𝒔 ).
• 𝒇𝒄 : Carrier frequency of the transmitted signal (Hz).
• 𝜽: Angle between the direction of motion and the line connecting the transmitter and receiver.

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