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6 views3 pages

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Hazem Saeed
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Report (3)

Professional Ethics

Dr: Abdelnaser Nafeh


By: Hazem said lotfy

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1.What are the Engineering Codes of Ethics?

Express the rights, duties and obligations of members of the


profession.
Do not express new ethical principles, but coherently restate
existing standards of responsible engineering practice.
Create an environment within the profession where ethical
behaviour is the norm.

Not legally binding – an engineer cannot be arrested for violating


an ethical code but may be expelled from or censured by the
engineering society.

2.What are the Objections to Existing?


Engineering Codes of Ethics?
Relatively few engineers are members of engineering societies.
Non-members don’t necessarily follow the ethical codes.
Many engineers either don’t know that the codes exist or have.
not read them.
The engineering codes often have internal conflicts, but do not.
provide means for their resolution.
The codes can seem coercive at times.

3.What is the Professionalism and Codes


of Ethics?

Engineering Codes of Ethics have evolved over time.


Originally concerned with: ▪ Issues pertaining to the conduct of
business.
▪Employee/employer relations.
Now: emphasize commitments to safety, public health, and
environmental protection.

4.Which Ethical Codes Apply?


Depending on your discipline and organizational affiliations, you
may be bound by more than one ethical code:
▪ Disciple related (American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
ASME, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, IEEE, etc.)
▪ National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE).
▪ Employee codes (corporation, university, etc.) ▪Union codes.
Familiarity with the codes that apply to you, as well as a basic
knowledge of ethical theory, can help to resolve conflicts among the
different codes, and can help an engineer to make.

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coherent ethical choices.

5.What are the Common Ethical Theories?


There are Four Common Ethical Theories:
Utilitarianism.
Duty Ethics.
Rights Ethics. Virtue Ethics.

6.What are the Utilitarianism Ethics?


Attempts to achieve a balance between good and bad
consequences of an action.
Tries to maximize the well-being of society and emphasizes what
will provide the most benefits to the largest group of people.
Fundamental to many types of engineering analysis, including
risk benefit analysis and cost-benefit analysis.
Drawbacks:
▪ Sometimes what is best for the community as a whole is bad for
individuals.
▪ Impossible to know in advance which decision will lead to the
best.

7.What are the Duty Ethics?


Contends that certain acts should be performed because. they are
inherently ethical (e.g. honesty, fairness).
This theory concludes that individuals who recognize them.
ethical duties will choose ethically correct moral actions.
Drawback – this method does not always lead to a solution which
maximizes the public good.
What are the Rights Ethics?
Everyone has inherent moral rights.
Any act that violates an individual’s moral rights is ethically
unacceptable.
Drawbacks:
▪ How do we prioritize the rights of different individuals? ▪
Rights ethics often promote the rights of individuals at the
expense of large groups/society.

8.What are the Virtue Ethics?


Focuses on the type of person we should strive to be.
Actions which reflect good character traits are inherently right.
Actions which reflect bad character traits are inherently wrong.
Virtue ethics are tied more to individual behaviour than to an
organization.

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