CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
The functional group of CARBOXYLIC ACID is –COOH, which consists a
carbonyl center with the Carbon atom also bonded to hydroxyl (OH) group
and to any alkyl or side chain group.
It also serves as starting material for preparing numerous acyl derivatives
such as acid chlorides, esters, amides, and thioesters
NAMING CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
1. Simple carboxylic acids derived from open-chain alkanes are systematically named by
replacing the terminal -e of the corresponding alkane name with -oic acid. The -COOH
carbon atom is numbered C1.
2. For dicarboxylic acids the location numbers for both carboxyl groups are omitted because
both functional groups are expected to occupy the ends of the parent chain. The ending –
dioic acid is added to the end of the parent chain.
NAMING CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
3. Compounds that have a -COOH group bonded to a ring (cyclic) are named using
the suffix -carboxylic acid. The -COOH carbon is attached to C1 in this system and is
not itself numbered.
4. Name and number substituents and list them in alphabetical order.
NAMING CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
NAMING CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
EXERCISES
Name the following CARBOXYLIC ACIDS:
ESTERS
ESTERS
The general formula of an ester is RCOOR‘.
Esters are produced by the reaction of between a carboxylic acid and an
alcohol with the elimination of water.
NAMING ESTERS
Many simple esters are pleasant-smelling liquids that are responsible for the
fragrant odors of fruits and flowers. For example, methyl butanoate is found
in pineapple oil, and isopentyl acetate is a constituent of banana oil.
Cyclic esters are called LACTONES.
..but we’ll focus on
straight-chain and
cycloalkane-containing
esters
NAMING ESTERS
1. Esters are named by first identifying the alkyl group attached to oxygen, and
then the carboxylic acid, with the ending -oic acid replaced by -oate.
2. For esters attached to a cycloalkane, the ending of the parent name is
“carboxylate”
Name of substituent and
parent chain is separated or
with a space. Ethyl ethanoate
EXERCISES
Name the following ESTERS:
