[College management System]

INTRUDUCTION

College Management System that is of importance to either an educational

institution or a college. This system may be used for monitoring for the college.
Staffs logging in may also access or can be srch any of the information regarding
college. Staff and students as well as marks of the students will be updated by
staff. This College Management System is being developed for an college to
maintain and facilitate easy access to information. For this the users must be
registered with the system after which they can access as well as modify data as
per the permissions given to them. This system can be used as a
knowledge/information management system for the college. For a given
student/staff (teaching/ Non- teaching Staffs) can access the system to some
information from the database.
Table of Contents

1. Introduction……………………………………………………
2. Introducing College Management……………….…………… 3.
System Analysis…………………………………… ….………
4. Requirement Specification……………………………......
5. Design Specification…………………………………….
6. Software Engineering Paradigm Applied for the system…………
7. Introduction to VISUAL BASIC 6.0………………………
8. Introduction to MS ACCESS 2003……………...……… 9. Project
Output………………………………………………… 10.DataBase
Table………………………………………………..
11.Coding...…………………………………………………
12.Testing..........................................................................
13.Future Scope…………………………………………… 14.Limitation of
Project…………………………………… 15.
References……………………………………………… 16.

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Bibliography…………………………………………

1.1 Abstract :

The project “COLLEGE MANAGEMENT” is made to use that management working

in shanbasava univercity. This Project is help full to Register of New records into
the “COLLEGE”. This Project Contain mainly following section:-

1. VIEW SECTION.
2. COLLEGE DETAILS 3. COURSES INFORMATION
4. STAFF INFORMATION.
5. STUDENT INFORMATION.
6. TIME-TABLE INFORMATION.
7. STAFF RECORDS (ADD / MODIFY / DELETE)
8. STUDENT RECORDS(ADD / MODIFY / DELETE) 9. ATTENDENCE RECORDS
(ADD / MODIFY / DELETE).

The upper “EIGHT” Forms are mainly used in this project. View Section is used
to view the information of staff and student and Alter Section is used to modify
the records.In staff information we saw the genral and salary of staff member.In
student information we are able to saw his/ her recods about their performance,
fees and attendance. In “TIME
TABLE”Section we can see the lecture of all

branches. IF a new lecturer is appointed to college we can add its genral

information by using alter section. IF a new Student is addmited to college we can
add its genral information by using alter section. By using the attendance section
we can see the monthly attendance of the student and also prepare monthly
attendence percentage.

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The Software VISUAL BASIC 6.0 is used as front end for the designing and
programming and to create user friendly GUI forms. Microsoft Access 2003 is used
as backend to create the data tables required to store the information. At present
there is no such system which helps in addition, ensure, alteration and
demonstration of information to the client. So this system facilitates us to perform
all these functions rather straightforwardly with no supplementary specialization
required.

1.2 Scope:
1. The project stores all the information about the staff and students.
2. The management must be able to get details of all their information after
storing.
3. It is simple to use and it is Graphical user interface.
4. The management can also be able to modify the information.
5. It has self explanatory form.
6. Management can check all the information of any staff member and student.
7. It is user friendly.
8. It is very easy to modify .
3. Platform:

This project has been developed in one of the most popular and user friendly
Microsoft Windows’ environment. The following components are also used
for a successful user friendly effective development of this project:

1. FRONT END:- VISUAL BASIC 6.0 .

2. BACK END:-MS ACCESS 2003.

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4. Methodology:

The following approach is used to design this system, which is called " classic life
cycle" or "Waterfall model". This linear sequential model suggests a sequential,
systematic approach to system development that begins at the system level and
progress through the analysis, design, coding, testing and maintenance. The
linear sequential model encompasses the following activities:
1. System/ Information and modeling.
2. System requirement analysis
3. Design
4. Code generation
5.Testing
6. Maintenance
System

Analysis

Design

Code

Testing

Maintenance

WATER FALL MODEL

These above phases mark the progress of a system analysis and design effort. It
is an orderly set of activities conducted and planned for each

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development

project. In most business situations the activities are closely related, usually
inseparable, and even the order may be difficult to determine.

INTRODUCTION TO COLLEGE SYSTEM(CMS)

This project (College Management System) is made into the VISUAL BASIC
6.0 .It is used to modify / add / delete.The data into the project after
submission is store into the MS ACCESS 2003.

. This Project Contain mainly following forms:-

1. VIEW SECTION.
2. COLLEGE DETAILS 3. COURSES INFORMATION
4. STAFF INFORMATION.
5. STUDENT INFORMATION.
6. TIME-TABLE INFORMATION.
7. STAFF RECORDS (ADD / MODIFY / DELETE)
8. STUDENT RECORDS(ADD / MODIFY / DELETE)
9. ATTENDENCE RECORDS (ADD / MODIFY / DELETE).

Detail of these forms…………

VIEW SECTION:- .

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View Section is used to view the student and staff information their
salary information, genral information, attendance information of student.We
can check the semester wise information of student. We can also find the
student who have not deposit their fees at time. . This form is fill by the user
in alter section and user can see its data in view section..On this form there is
a commend button by which we can select an id to see information . In this
form there is some text boxes, command buttons, labels, , combo box .

TEXT BOX:-

A text box is use to receive the information from the user by typing into it.
A text box generally used in conjunction with a label

LABEL :-

A label is a control used to display text on the form. The value of label button will
be given on design time or can be change on the run time.

COMMAND BUTTON:-

A command button is used to initiate an action when user clicks on it. The code for
the action to be performed is provide by the programmer

COMBO BOX:-

It is Similar to the list box. Most of what you know about list box will apply to
combo boxes. Item are added, Remove and clear with the add item, remove
item and clear method.

The user can fill following Fields

1. Name
2. Addres s
3. Sem.

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4. Branch

2. ALTER SECTION:-

Alter section is used to add the genral,fees,attendances,result information

accoring to their needs.Manegement can add,modify, delete the information
about their staff.Lecter can add monthly attendensce.

1. Name
2. Depdt. NAme.
3. Desgnation 4. Qualification 5. Add.

SYSTEM ANALYSIS

3.1 IDENTIFICATION OF NEED

This Project is use to store information of new visitors.
Into past the data will be stored into the conventional file system and it is very
costly and time consuming. In today time have very importance.
so, to save our time and money we need this project .Because this project is
used into the computer and store information into the memory of computer,
and save our TIME and MONEY.

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2. PROBLEM ANALYSIS
Problem analysis is done to obtain a clear understanding of the needs of the
users and what exactly is desired from the software information and
documentation and so forth. One of the major problems during analysis is how
to organize the information obtained that can be effectively evaluated for
completeness and consistency.
Second major during analysis is resolving the contradiction that may exists in the
information from different sources.

3. FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS
Feasibility of a system refers to the potentiality and workability of the system.
A system is said to be a feasible one if its development is beneficial to an
organization.
Feasibility analysis is the process of analyzing the system so as to determine
whether would be feasible or not. Feasible analysis should be performed
throughout the system development life cycle.

4. FEASIBILITY CHECKPOINTS
Feasibility study is done at various points in the system development life
cycle. The scope and complexity of an apparently feasible project can change
after the current problems are fully understood, after the end-user’s needs
have been defined in detail, or after the technical requirements have been
established. The project feasible at one stage may become infeasible or less
feasible at any other checkpoint. Various checkpoints in the system
development life cycle where feasibility study is performed are:
1. Survey phase checkpoint

2. Study phase checkpoint

3. Selection phase checkpoint

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4.Acquisition phase checkpoint
5. Design phase checkpoint

HARDWARE/ SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION

HARDWARE CONFIGURATION:

 processor -- Intel(R) Pentium (R) CPU A1020 @ 2.41GHz

Mother
 Hard Disk -- 1 TB
 RAM -- 4 GB
SOFTWARE CONFIGURATION:

• Operating --- Windows 8.1 system

• System --- 64-bit Operating System
• Developing tool --- Microsoft Visual Studio
6.0

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REQUIREMENTS

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4.1 OUTCOME OF REQUIREMENT ANALYSIS (SRS)
1) There should some password validation to allow only authorized users to
access

the system.
2) It will fulfill the perspective request of every user according to their
requirements.
3) The administrator can also login from client side and can do all type of
updation.
4) The administrator can do testing of server’s working as a client.

DESIGN SPECIFICATION

System design is the first step in software development, which needs careful and
intricate planning. It helps us to prepare detailed technical design of the
application-based system. It is based on Requirement Analysis. It provides the
specification and design for system giving a brief overview of user functions,
requirements and their actual implementation.

1. DESIGN OBJECTIVES :
The goal that was kept in mind while designing the system are:
1. To make the system user friendly as much as possible.
2. To make the flow of program comprehensible to the user.
3. To have transparency in work i.e. show how everything is being done
by the system stepwise.

ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP DIAGRAM

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What is an Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)?

An entity relationship diagram (ERD) shows the relationships of entity sets stored
in a database. An entity in this context is an object, a component of data. An
entity set is a collection of similar entities. These entities can have attributes that
define its properties.
By defining the entities, their attributes, and showing the relationships
between them, an ER diagram illustrates the logical structure of databases.
ER diagrams are used to sketch out the design of a database.

Common Entity Relationship Diagram Symbols

An ER diagram is a means of visualizing how the information a system produces
is related. There are five main components of an ERD:

• Entities, which are represented by rectangles. An entity is an object or

concept about which you want to store information.

• A weak entity is an entity that must defined by a foreign key relationship

with another entity as it cannot be
uniquely identified by its own
attributes alone.

• Actions, which are represented by diamond shapes, show how two entities
share information in the database. In some cases, entities can be self-
linked. For example, employees can supervise other employees.

• Attributes, which are represented by ovals. A key attribute is the unique,

distinguishing characteristic of the entity. For example, an employee's
social security number might be the employee's key attribute.

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A multivalued attribute can have more than one value. For example, an
employee entity can have multiple skill values. A derived attribute is based
on another attribute. For example, an employee's monthly salary is based
on the employee's annual salary.
• Connecting lines, solid lines that connect attributes to show the
relationships of entities in the diagram.
• Cardinality specifies how many instances of an entity relate to one
instance of another entity. Ordinality is also closely linked to cardinality.
While cardinality specifies the occurrences of a relationship, ordinality
describes the relationship as either mandatory or optional. In other words,
cardinality specifies the maximum number of relationships and ordinality
specifies the absolute minimum number of relationships.
There are many notation styles that express cardinality.
Information Engineering Style Chen Style Bachman Style Martin Style

ERD Explain e d
Watch this quick video learn more about ERD diagrams and their components.

ER Diagram Uses
When documenting a system or process, looking at the system in multiple ways
increases the understanding of that system. ERD diagrams are commonly used in
conjunction with a data flow diagram to display the contents of a data store. They
help us to visualize how data is connected in a general way, and are particularly
useful for constructing a relational database.

Entity Relationship Diagram Tutorial

Here are some best practice tips for constructing an ERD:

• Identify the entities. The first step in making an ERD is to identify all of the
entities you will use. An entity is nothing more than a rectangle with a
description of something that your system stores information about. This

could be a customer, a manager, an invoice, a schedule, etc. Draw a

rectangle for each entity you can think of on your page. Keep them
spaced out a bit.

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• Identify relationships. Look at two entities, are they related? If so draw a
solid line connecting the two entities.
• Describe the relationship. How are the entities related? Draw an action
diamond between the two entities on the line you just added. In the
diamond write a brief description of how they are related.
• Add attributes. Any key attributes of entities should be added using oval-
shaped symbols.
• Complete the diagram. Continue to connect the entities with lines, and
adding diamonds to describe each relationship until all relationships have
been described. Each of your entities may not have any relationships, some
may have multiple relationships. That is okay.

Tips for Effective ER Diagrams

1. Make sure that each entity only appears once per diagram.
2. Name every entity, relationship, and attribute on your diagram. 3.
Examine relationships between entities closely. Are they necessary? Are
there any relationships missing? Eliminate any redundant relationships. Don't
connect relationships to each other.
4. Use colors to highlight important portions of your diagram.

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COMPLETE STRUCTURE OF THE PROGRAM

CONTEXT LEVEL DIAGRAM

Represents External Entity

Represents the Process

Represents the flow of Control/Data

Represents Close Database

Represents Open Table

LOGIN OUT PUT

PROCESS

TEACHER STUDENT
ENTRY ENTRY

2-level DFD:

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2.1:
ADMINISTRATOR

LOGIN LOGIN
PROCES
S
AFTER
LOGIN AFTER
LOGIN

STUDENT TEACHER
ENTRY ENTRY

DATA
DATA
STORED DATA DATA STORED
ENTRY ENTRY

ADMINISTRATOR
STUDENT TEACHER

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ADMINISTRATOR

LOGIN LOGIN
PROCESS

AFTER
AFTER LOGIN
LOGIN

STAFF DETAILS
ENTRY

DATA
ENTRY
DATA
STORED

USER

BSC STAFF
STAFFS
WORKLOAD
INFORMATION

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5.3 ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN Architectural design represents the data structure

and program components that are required to build the computer based system.
It consider the structures and properties

Of the components that constitute the system and relationship that exist
between all architectural components of the system.

5.4 PROCEDURAL DESIGN

Procedural design or component level design occur after data,

architectural, and interface design have been established. The intent is to
translate the design model into operational software. But the level of abstraction
of the existing design model is relatively high, and the abstraction level of the
operational program is low.

SOFTWARE ENGINEERING PARADIGM APLIED FOR THE SYSTEM

For this project we have used the incremental model paradigm. Because the
company needs to add functionality as per the need. We choose incremental
model because this model combines elements of the linear sequential model or
water fall model (applied repetitively) with the iterative philosophy.
When an increment model is used, the first increment is often a core product.
That is basic requirements are addressed, but many supplementary features
(some known, other unknown) remain undelivered. The core product is used by
the customer and as a result of use and evaluation; a plan is developed for the
next increment.

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1. Code efficiency
With the help of data abstraction it tried to reduce the code size as much
as possible. The information flow is made through arguments and returned
values and global variables are avoided as much as possible. Coding is
maintained in terms of hierarchy of classes and can be extended to greater code
readability.

2. Optimization of Code
Optimization of code means improvement in performance to maximum
extent. Optimization coding is done in terms of multithreading software
development. The design is flexible as it permits the execution of the processes in
simultaneous manner. The OOPS code is more manageable. The server software is
optimized to the best utilization of resources such as CPU and main memory.

3. Validation check
In the software design, special attention is given to the validation of the data
entry. All the data entry is done keeping the validation check in mind. All the
fields are checked for consistency and integrity of the data. The module
interfaces are checked for argument validation and returned values. The
validation is done in such an appropriate manner, so that invalid data entry can
be fully denied.

4. SYSTEM SECURITY MEASURES

In the development and operation of the software is protected against the
intentional disclosures. Various types of security provisions are applied so that
unauthorized users can not enter the system. The system is protected with
individual password provision. The requisite condition for using system is that you
must be the valid (authorized) user of the system.

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1.2 The Visual Basic Environment

Upon start up, Visual Basic 6.0 will display the following dialog box as shown in
Figure 1.1. You can choose to start a new project, open an existing project or
select a list of recently opened programs. A project is a collection of files that
make up your application. There are various types of applications that can be
created; however, we shall concentrate on creating Standard EXE programs
(EXE means executable program). Now, click on the Standard EXE icon to go
into the VB programming environment.

Figure 1.1 The Visual Basic Start-up Dialog Box

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Figure 1 .2 : The Visual Basic
Environment

In Figure 1.2, the Visual Basic Environment consists of

• A blank form for you to design your application's interface.
• The project window which displays the files that are created in your
application.
• The properties window which displays the properties of various controls
and objects that are created in your application.

It also has a Toolbox that consists of all the controls essential for developing a VB
Application. The controls include text boxes, command buttons, labels, combo
boxes, picture boxes, image boxes, timers and other objects that can be dragged
to and drawn on the form to perform certain tasks according to the events
assigned to them. You may also add additional objects. First, click on the project
item on the

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menu, then on the components item on the drop-down list, and lastly select the
controls you want to use in your program. The controls for
Standard.EXE window are shown in Figure 1.3.

Figure 1.3: The controls available for a Standard.exe project

Picture
Label Box
Text
Frame Box
Command
Check Butto
Box Option
Combo Button
Box List
HScroll Box
Bar VScroll
Timer Bar
Drive List
Dir Lis tBox Box
File List
Shape Box
Lin
Image e
Dat
OLE a

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Properties
You may have noticed that when you click on different controls the

Window changes slightly this is due to different controls having different

functions. Therefore more options are needed for example if you had a picture
then you want to

Show an image. But if you wanted to open a Internet connection you would have
to fill in the remote host and other such settings. When you use the command ()
you will find that a new set of properties come up the following will provide

Opening an existing Visual Basic project.

Microsoft has included some freebies with visual basic to show its capabilities and
functions. Dismantling or modifying these sample projects is a good way to
understand what is happening at runtime. These files can be located at your
default directory /SAMPLES/

To Open these projects choose 'Open Project' from the 'File' menu. Then Double
click on the samples folder to open the directory then Double click on any project
to load it.
Opening a new visual basic file & Inserting Source code.

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From looking at the examples it time to make your own application. Choose 'New
Project' from the 'File' menu. Use the blank form1 to design a simple interface for
an estate agents database, have some textboxes for names and other details.
Insert some controls and make it look professional. Textboxes can be used to
store there name and other details, make sure you put a picture box in for a
picture of the house.

Now insert the following source code for your application. Private Sub
Form_Load ()
Picture1.Picture = LoadPicture("C:\Program
Files\VB\Graphics\Icons\Misc\MISC42.ICO") End Sub

Running and viewing the project in detail.

Once an application is loaded it can be run by click on the icon from the toolbar, to
pause press and to terminate use.
Once a project is loaded, the name of the form(s) that it contains is displayed
in the project window. To view a form in design mode, select the form
required by

clicking with
In this example the project has been loaded and the maillist.frm has been
selected for viewing. This Ms Mail example project useds 6 forms and 1
modules.

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In Design mode, when the form is viewed, the code attached to any screen object
may
be inspected by double clicking on that object. The screen shots below show the
interface of the Ms Mail example (.../samples/Comtool/VBMail/ MaiLLST.FRM) to
view the code for this form select from the project window item.

Private Sub SetupOptionForm (BasePic as Control) BasePic.Top = 0

BasePic.Left = 0
BasePic.Visible = True BasePic.enabled = True
OKBt.Top = BasePic.Height + 120 Me.width = BasePic.Width + 120
Me.Heigh = OkBt.Top + OkBt.Height + 495 End Sub

Button Properties for reference

Command Button & labels properties Property
Description

Name
The name of the object so you can call it at runtime

Back Color

This specifies the command button's background color. Click the Back Color’s
palette down arrow to see a list of common Windows control colors, you must
change this to the style property from 0 - standard to 1
- graphical

Cancel
Determines whether the command button gets a Click event if the user presses
escape

Caption
Holds the text that appears on the command button.

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Default
Determines if the command button responds to an enter keypress even if another
control has the focus

Enable
Determines whether the command button is active. Often, you'll change the
enable property at runtime with code to prevent the user pressing the button

Font
Produces a Font dialog box in which you can set the caption's font name , style
and size.

Height
Positions the height of the object - can be used for down

Left
Positions the left control - can be used for right

Mouse Pointer

If selected to an icon can change the picture of the mouse pointer over that object

Picture
Hold's the name of an icon graphic image so that it appears as a picture instead of
a Button for this option to work the graphical tag must be set to 1

Style
This determines if the Command Button appears as a standard windows dialog box
or a graphical image

Tab index
Specifies the order of the command button in tab order

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Tab Stop
Whether the object can be tabbed to
DATA TYPE SUMMARY

Visual Basic recognize following six types of variables as Numeric, String, Boolean,
Date, Object, Variant.

NUMERIC

Like other Programming Language Visual Basic provide Numeric Variables. They
are: - Integers, Single, double, Byte, Long, Currency.
Integer Variables are used for the Non Fractional Values. It stores values in
the range from – 32768 to 32767. Long Data type is used for the range –
2147483648 to 2147483647. Single Data Type is used for
Fractional Values from –3.402 e 38 to

1.40 e 45. Double Precision Floating Point Numbers is capable of containing values
from –1.797 e 308 to 4.940 e 324 and positive numbers. Currency is used for fixed-
point numbers with four decimal digits. It can represent numbers in the range –
922377203685477.5808 to
922377203685477.5807. Byte data type is used for representing numbers from 0
to 255. String variables are used to store string type data.

BOOLEAN

Boolean Data Type stores True/ False values. Boolean variables are used in
testing conditions.
DATE

Date and Time variables are stored internally in a special format, but you
don’t need to know the exact format. Date variables are declared by following
statements.
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VARIANT

Special Types of Variables declare without any data type treated as variant
they are capable of containing any type of value. If one can ski data type in variable
declaration statement then variable will treated as a variant

Building the Visual Basic

Applications
2.1 Creating Simple Visual Basic Applications

In this section, we are not going into the technical aspects of VB programming;
the purpose of this section is to let you get a feel for it. Now, you can try out a
few examples in this lesson. Example 2.1 is a simple program. First of all, you
have to launch Microsoft Visual Basic. Normally, a default form Form1 will be
available for you to start your new project. Double click on Form1, and the
source code window for it as shown in Figure 2.1 will appear. The top of the
source code window consists of a list of objects (on the left) and their associated
events or procedures (on the right). In Figure 2.1, the object displayed is Form
and the associated procedure is Load.

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Figure 2.1 The Source Code Window

When you click on the object box, the drop-down list will display a list of
objects you have inserted into your form as shown in Figure 2.2. Here, you can
see the form, the command button with the name Command1, the Label with
the name Label1 and the PictureBox with the name Picture1. Similarly, when
you click on the procedure box, a list of procedures associated with the object
will be displayed as shown in Figure 2.3. Some of the procedures associated
with the object Form are Activate, Click, DblClick (Double-Click) , DragDrop,
keyPress etc. Each object has its own set of procedures.
You can select an object and write codes for any of its procedures in order to
perform certain tasks.

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Figure 2 .2 : List of Objects

Figure 2 .3 : List of
Proc edures

You do not have to worry about the beginning and the end statements (i.
e. Private Sub Form_Load.......End Sub.); Just key in the codes between the
above two statements
exactly as shown here. When you run the program, don’t be surprised that
nothing shows up. In order to display the output of the program, you have to
add the Form1.show statement like in Example 2.1 or you can just use the
Form_Activate
( ) event procedure as shown in example 2.2. The command Print does not mean
printing using a printer. Instead, it means displaying the output on the computer
screen. Now, press F5 or click on the run button to run the program and you will
get the output as shown in Figure 2.4.

Example 2.1
Private Sub Form_Load ( ) Form1.show

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Print “Welcome to Visual Basic tutorial” End Sub

Figure 2 .4 : The output of example 2.1 .

*You can also perform simple arithmetic calculations as shown in example 2.2.
VB uses to denote the multiplication operator and / to denote the division
operator. The output is shown in Figure 2.5, where the results are arranged
vertically

Working with Controls

3.1 The Properties of the Controls

Before writing an event procedure for the control to response to a user's input,
you have to set certain properties for the control to determine its appearance
and how it will work with the event procedure. You can set the properties of the

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controls in the properties window or at runtime. Figure 3.1 Figure 3.1on the

right is a typical properties window for a form

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You can rename the form caption to any name that you like best. In the properties
window, the item which appears at the top part is the object currently selected (in
Figure 3.1, the object selected is Form1). At the bottom part, the items listed in the
left column represent the names of various properties associated with the selected
object while the items listed in the right column represent the states of the
properties. Properties can be set by highlighting the items in the right column and
then changing them by typing or selecting the options available. For example, in
order to change the caption, just highlight Form1 under the name Caption and
change it to other names. You may also alter the appearance of the form by setting
it to 3D or flat. You can do other things like changing the foreground and
background color, changing the font type and font size, enabling or disabling the
minimize and maximize buttons and etc. You can also change the properties at
runtime to give special effects such as changing of colors, shape, animation effects
and so

On For example the following code will change the form color to red every time
the form is loaded. VB uses hexadecimal system.
To represent colors. You can check the color codes in the properties windows which
are shown under Fore Color and Back Color.
Private Sub Form_Load() Form1.Show
Form1.BackColor = &H000000FF& End Sub

Another example is to change the control Shape to a particular shape at runtime

by writing the following code. This code will change the shape to a circle at
runtime. Later you will learn how to change the shapes randomly by using the
RND function.

Private Sub Form_Load()

Shape1.Shape = 3 End Sub

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 I would like to stress that learning how and when to set the objects' properties is
very important as it can help you to write a good program. So, I advise you to
spend a lot of time playing with the objects' properties.
I am not going into the details on how to set the properties. However, I would like
to stress a few important points about setting up the properties.
• You should set the Caption Property of a control clearly so that a user knows
what to do with that command. For example, in the calculator program, as
all the captions of the command buttons such as +, - , MC, MR are
commonly found in an ordinary calculator, a user should have no problem in
manipulating the buttons.

• A lot of programmers like to use a meaningful name for the Name Property
because it is easier for them to write and read the event procedure and
easier to debug or modify the programs later. However, it is not a must to
do that as long as you label your objects clearly and use comments in the
program whenever you feel necessary.
• One more important property is whether the control is being enabled or
not.
• Finally, you must also consider making the control visible or invisible at
runtime, or when should it become visible or invisible.

3.2 Handling some of the common controls

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a) The Text Box

The text box is the standard control that is used to receive input from the user as
well as to display the output. It can handle string (text) and numeric data but not
images or pictures. Strings in a text box can be converted to numeric data by using

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the function Val(text). The following example illustrates a simple program that
processes the inputs from the user.

Example 3.1
In this program, two text boxes are inserted into the form together with a few
labels. The two text boxes are used to accept inputs from the user and one of the
labels will be used to display the sum of two numbers that are entered into the
two text boxes. A command button is also programmed to calculate the sum of
the two numbers using the plus operator. The program creates a variable, ‘sum’,
to accept the summation of values from Textbox 1 and text box 2.The procedure
to calculate and display the output on the label is shown below. The output is
shown in Figure 3.1.
Private Sub Command1_Click()
‘To add the values in Textbox 1 and text

box 2 Sum = Val(Text1.Text) +

Val(Text2.Text)
‘To display the answer on
label 1 Label1.Caption =
Sum
End Sub

Figure
3.1

b) The Label

The label is a very useful control for Visual Basic, as it is not only used to provide
instructions and guides to the users, it can also be used to display outputs. One of
its most important properties is Caption. Using the syntax label.Caption, it can
display text and numeric data. You can change its caption in the properties window

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and also at runtime. Please refer to Example 3.1 and Figure 3.1 for the usage of
labels.

c) The Command Button

The command button is a very important control as it is used to execute

commands. It displays an illusion that the button is pressed when the user clicks
on it. The most common event associated with the command button is the Click
event, and the syntax for the procedure is
Private Sub Command1_Click () Statements
End Sub

d) The Picture
Box

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The Picture Box is one of the controls that used to handle graphics. You can load a
picture during the designing phase by clicking on the picture item in the properties
window and select the picture from the selected folder. You can also load the
picture at runtime using the LoadPicture method. For example, this statement will
load the picture grape.gif into the picture box.
Picture1.Picture=LoadPicture ("C:\VB program\Images\grape.gif")
You will learn more about the picture box in future lessons. The image in the
picture box is not resizable.

e) The Image Box

The Image Box is another control that handles images and pictures. It functions
almost identically to the picture box. However, there is one major difference, the
image in an Image Box is stretchable, which means it can be resized. This feature is
not available in the Picture Box. Similar to the Picture Box, the LoadPicture method

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can also be used. For example, this statement loads the picture grape.gif into the
image box.
Image1.Picture=LoadPicture ("C:\VB program\Images\grape.gif")

f )The List Box

The function of the List Box is to present a list of items where the user can click
and select items from the list. In order to add items to the list, we can use the
AddItem method. For example, if you wish to add a number of items to List box 1,
you can key in the following statements
Example 3.2
Private Sub Form_Load ( ) List1.AddItem “Lesson1”

List1.AddItem “Lesson2” List1.AddItem “Lesson3”

List1.AddItem “Lesson4” End Sub

The items in the list box can be identified by the ListIndex property, the value of
the ListIndex for the first item is 0, the second item has a
ListIndex 1, and the second item has a ListIndex 2 and so on

g)The Combo Box

The function of the Combo Box is also to present a list of items where the user can
click and select the items from the list. However, the user needs to click on the
small arrowhead on the right of the combo box to see the items which are
presented in a drop-down list. In order to add items to the list, you can also use
the AddItem method. For example, if you wish to add a number of items to
Combo box 1, you can key in the following statements
Example 3.3
Private Sub Form_Load ( ) Combo1.AddItem “Item1” Combo1.
AddItem “Item2” Combo1.AddItem “Item3” Combo1.AddItem
“Item4”
End Sub

h) The Check Box

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The Check Box control lets the user select or unselect an option. When the Check
Box is checked, its value is set to 1 and when it is unchecked, the value is set to 0.
You can include the statements Check1.Value=1 to mark the Check Box and
Check1.Value=0 to unmark the Check Box, and use them to initiate certain
actions. For example, the program will change the background color of the form to
red when the check box is unchecked and it will change to blue when the check
box is checked. You will learn about the conditional statement If….Then….Elseif
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in later lessons. VbRed and vbBlue are color constants and BackColor is the
background color property of the form.

Example 3.4
Private Sub Check1_Click ()
If Check1.Value = 0 Then Form1.BackColor = vbRed ElseIf Check1.Value
= 1 Then Form1.BackColor = vbBlue End If
End Sub

i) The Option Box

The Option Box control also lets the user selects one of the choices. However, two
or more Option Boxes must work together because as one of the Option Boxes is
selected, the other Option Boxes will be unselected. In fact, only one Option Box
can be selected at one time. When an option box is selected, its value is set to
“True” and when it is unselected; its value is set to “False”. In the following
example, the shape control is placed in the form together with six Option Boxes.
When the user clicks on different option boxes, different shapes will appear. The
values of the shape control are 0, 1, and 2,3,4,5 which will make it appear as a
rectangle, a square, an oval shape, a rounded rectangle and a rounded square
respectively.

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Example 3.5
Private Sub Option1_Click
( ) Shape1.Shape = 0

End Sub
Private Sub Option2_Click() Shape1.Shape = 1
End Sub
Private Sub Option3_Click() Shape1.Shape = 2
End Sub
Private Sub Option4_Click() Shape1.Shape = 3 End Sub
Private Sub Option5_Click() Shape1.Shape = 4
End Sub
Private Sub Option6_Click() Shape1.Shape = 5
End Sub

j) The Drive List Box

The Drive ListBox is used to display a list of drives available in your computer.
When you place this control into the form and run the program, you will be able
to select different drives from your computer as shown in Figure 3.2

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Figure 3 .2 The Drive List
Box

k) The Directory List Box

The Directory List Box is used to display the list of directories or folders in a
selected drive. When you place this control into the form and run the program,
you will be able to select different directories from a selected drive in your
computer as shown in Figure 3.3

Figure 3 .3 The Directory List Box

l) The File List Box

The File List Box is used to display the list of files in a selected directory or folder.
When you place this control into the form and run the program, you will be able
to a list of files in a selected directory as shown in
Figure 3.4

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Figure
3 .4

You can coordinate the Drive List Box, the Directory List Box and the File List
Box to search for the files you want. The procedure will be discussed in later
lessons.

Exercise 3
1. Start a Visual Basic project and set the following properties of the form
a. Appearance=Flat
b. Caption=My First Program
c. Font=Times New Roman, Font Size=10
d. Forecolor=White
e. Backcolor=Blue
2. Insert six shape controls into the form and set their shape properties to
rectangle, square, oval, circle, rounded rectangle, rounded square.
3. Insert two text boxes, one label and one command button, then write the
program to compute the product of two numbers that are entered into
the text boxes and display the result in the label.

4. Insert a picture control in the form and load a picture from your computer
using the LoadPicture Method.

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5. Insert a List Box control into the form and add the 5 items into the List Box
using the AddItem Method.

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PROGRAM
 INTRODUCTION TO DATABASE:

Definition of Database: A collection of inter- related data stored

together without harmful or unnecessary redundancy to serve
multiple applications.

Definition of Database Management System: A collection of interrelated

files and set of ore-written programs that allow users to access and
modify these files.

Need of DBMS: DBMS needed in order to eliminate the disadvantage of a

file based system, which are as follows:-

(a) Data duplication

(b) No integrity checks
(c) Accuracy not possible
(d) Data not secure
(e) Quick retrieval not possible

Major functions of DBMS: The major functions of DBMS are as follows: -

(a) Ability to represent inherent data structure

(b) Ease of use
(c) Time related performance enhancement
(d) Minimal cost
(e) Minimal redundancy
College Management
System
 (f) Search capability
(g) Integrity
(h) Data privacy and security

Advantages of DBMS:

(a) Centralized control

(b) Data independence allows dynamic changes and growth potential
(c) Data duplication elimination with controlled redundancy
(d) Data quality enhanced
(e) Security enforcement
(f) Security enforcement possible

Disadvantages of DBMS:

(a) Problem associated with centralization

(b) Cost of hardware, software and migration
(c) Complexity of backup and recovery Screen Layout Project Output:

LOADING FORM:-

1. This is the first form which is firstly appear on the running of project.
2. It contain some information about the project such as:
TOOL USED:
FRONT END:- VISUAL BASIC 6.0. BACK END:- MS

ACCESS 2003.

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 College Management Syste m
1. WHITE BOX TESTING
2. BLACK BOX TESTING

WHITE BOX TESTING

It is also called as glass-box testing. It is predicted on the close
examination of the procedural details. Here providing test cases that exercise
specific sets of condition and for loops tests the logical paths through the
software. It demonstrate that each function operational at the same searching
for errors in each function.

BLACK BOX TESTING

This is also called as the behavioral testing and it focuses on the
functional requirements of the software. It enables the software engineer to
derive set of input conditions that will fully exercise all functional requirements
for a program. These sets are used to demonstrate that software functions are
operational and output is correctly produced and integrity of external database
is maintained. It helps to ensure that the internal operations are performed
according to specification and all components have been adequately exercised.

TESTING STRATEGIES
A Strategy for software testing integrates software test case design methods into
a well-planned series of steps that result in the successful construction of
software. The strategy provides a read map that describes the steps to be
conducted as part of testing. When these steps are planned and then
undertaken, and how much effort, time, and resources will be required.

Software is tested to uncover errors that were made inadvertently as it was

designed and constructed.

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Testing is a set of activities that can be planned in advance and conducted
systematically. For this reason a template for software testing- a set of steps
into which we can place specific test case design techniques and testing
methods- should be defined for the software process.
A number of software testing strategies have been proposed in the
literature. All provide the software developer with a template for testing
and all have the following generic characteristics:
To perform effective testing, a software team should conduct effective formal
technical reviews. By doing this, many errors will be eliminated before testing
commences.

 Testing begins at the component level and works “outward” toward the
integration of the entire computer-based system.
 Different testing techniques are appropriate at different points in time.
 The developer of the software and an independent test group conducts
testing.
 Testing and debugging are different activities, but debugging must be
accommodated in any testing strategy.

A testing strategy that is chosen by most software teams fall between the two
extremes. It takes an incremental view of testing. Beginning with the testing of
individual program units, moving to tests designed to facilitate the integration
of the units and culminating with test that exercise the constructed system.
Ease of these classes of tests is described in the sections that follow.
are integrated from the bottom up, processing required for components
subordinate to a given level is always available and the need for stubs is
eliminated.

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14.Limitation of the project

Every system may be developed by a professional can not be said to be ideal in

its own. The present project implement by us is not an exception. There are
different types of constraints that have led to a system with limitation. But
these can be removed with some modification. Because of limited time some
of these limitations remain in system.
The limitations of the project are described below:
1. We have not used Bus Facility form so Student cannot register for bus
facility from this project 2. Student cannot register for hostel join with this
project.

SYSTEM MAINTENANCE
Maintenance phase on the focuses on changes that is associated with error
correction, adoption required as the software’s environment evolves and
changes due to enhancement brought about by changing customer
requirements. Change will occur because errors have been encounted or
because the customer requires the functional, or the performance
enhancement.

FUTURE SCOPE OF THE APPLICATION

 It is a fast , affordable, low-risk solution with easy implementation and lower

maintenance and operational costs ie. it will prove to be a cost effective
system for the organization

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