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Chapter 5 Review Elementary Statistics

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37 views3 pages

Chapter 5 Review Elementary Statistics

Uploaded by

dkqjp9hmqq
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The normal Distribution: The normal distribution graph is a bell-shaped symmetric curve.

Since
the normal distribution is for a continuous variable, normal variable X can take any value from a
range of values. It cannot be expressed as a table form. The formula for the normal distribution
is

( )
2
−1 x−μ
1 2 σ
P ( x )= e
σ √2 π

For a normal distribution

Mean: μ Variance:σ 2

The Standard Normal Distribution is a normal distribution when Mean ( μ ) =¿ 0¿ and


Variance ( σ 2 )=¿ ¿ . When μ=¿ ¿and σ 2=¿ ¿, the normal distribution equation become standard
normal distribution given below
−1 2
1 2
z
f ( z )= e
√2 π

We use the standard normal distribution to find the probability/ area under the curve or
find the value for which we are having the specific area.

Note: pnorm ( z ) gives us the lower tail area under the curve where z is the z-value

a) P ( Z <1.58 )=0.9428

Rcode: pnorm ( 1.58 )

b) P ( Z >−1.23 )=0.8907

Rcode: 1− pnorm(−1.23)

c) P (−2.43< Z< 1.52 )=0.9282

Rcode: pnorm ( 1.52 ) −pnorm (−2.43 )

Example : Weight of men are normally distributed with a mean 172lbs and standard deviation
29lbs. If a man is randomly selected, find the probability that his weight is less than 174lbs.
(
Solution: P ( X <174 )=P Z <
174−172
29 )
=P ( Z <0.07 )=0.52790

Using R: pnorm(0.07)

For a given area find the unknown value.

Example: If 2.5% of the thermometers are rejected because they have too low of a reading and
another top 2.5% are rejected because they have too high of a reading. If the readings on the
thermometers have normal distribution with μ=0 and σ =1. Find the two cut off readings (top
and bottom) on the thermometers.

Rcode: qnorm ( 0.025 )=−1.96∧qnorm ( 0.975 )=1.96

The Central Limit Theorem (CLT):

Definition: Let X 1 , X 2 , … , X n be a random sample from normal distribution with mean μ and
variance σ 2. Then

x −μ
Z=
σ
√n
where Z has standard normal distribution when ___n>30______. This is true even when sample
is not taken from normal population.

• When working with an individual value X from normally distributed population

x −μ
Z=
σ

x−μ
n>30 ¿ Z=
When working with sample mean X from any distribution when σ
√n
Example: Weights of men are normally distributed with mean 172lbs and standard deviation
29lbs.

a) If an individual man is randomly selected, find the probability that his weight will be
greater than

175lbs.

Solution: Draw the z-curve. Shade the area.

P ( X >175 ) =1−P ( X ≤175 )

(
1−P Z ≤
175−172
29 )
=1−P ( Z ≤ 0.10 ) =1−0.5398=0.4602

Using R: 1− pnorm(0.10)

b) Find the probability that 20 randomly selected men will have mean weight greater
than 175lbs.

Solution:

( )
175−172
P ( X >175 ) =1−P Z < =1−P ( Z <0.46 )=1−0.67724
29
√ 20

Using R: 1− pnorm(0. 46)

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