Mini Project 1 Report

On
On-Line Voting System
Submitted for the partial fulfilment of the award

Of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

DEGREE
(SESSION: 2024- 2026)

SUBMITTED BY

HIMANSHU CHAUDHARY

*ROLL NO.* A2024MBA10843

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

DR. KAVITA SINGH

DEPARTMENT OF MBA

IMS ENGINEERING COLLEGE, GHAZIABAD

AFFILIATED TO

DR. A. P. J. ABDUL KALAM TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY (FORMELY

UTTAR PRADESH TECHNICAL UNIVESITY), LUCKNOW
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Mr. HIMANSHU CHAUDHARY Roll No. A2024MBA10843 is a

Bonafide student of MBA 1st semester during session 2024-2026. The Mini Project Report

entitled ON-LINE VOTING MACHINE has been prepared by him in partial fulfilment for

the award of degree of Master of Business Administration of DR. A.P. J. Abdul Kalam

Technical University, Lucknow (Formerly UPTU Lucknow).

Name of supervisor: - Dr. Kavita Singh

Head: MP Singh.

Date:
 STUDENT DECLARATION

I “HIMANSHU CHAUDHARY” hereby declare that the work is being presented in this

report entitled “ON-LINE VOTING MACHINE” is an authentic record of my own work

carried out under the supervision of “DR. KAVITA SINGH”.

The matter embodied in this report has not been submitted by me for the award of any other

degree/diploma/certificate.

HIMANSHU CHAUDHARY

DATE:
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The project on ON-LINE VOTING MACHINE has been given to me as part of the

curriculum in 1st semester master degree in business administration. I have tried my best to

present this information as clearly as possible. I would like to express my profound gratitude

to my mentor DR. Kavita Singh for her time and efforts she provided throughout the

completion of my project. Her useful advice and suggestions were really helpful to me during

the project’s completion. In this aspect, I am eternally grateful to you.

I would like to acknowledge that this project was completed entirely by me and not by

someone else.

HIMANSHU CHAUDHARY

Place:

Date:
 ABSTRACT

We are developing an on-line voting system by taking advantage of centralized database with
a web interface. The main concept of this project is to build a website, which will be able to
allow people to cast their vote through on-line. Time saving, working load reduced,
information available at time and it provides security for data.

In a democratic country like India we are not getting 100% of voting. People are not ready to
poll their vote because of many factors like people can’t go to the polling stations to cast their
vote (especially aged persons and physically challenged people). People may be at remote
places.

There are several issues with traditional paper-based voting like ridging votes during election,
insecure or inaccessible polling stations, inadequate polling materials and also inexperienced
personnel. This On-line Voting System seeks to address the above issues. With this system,
the citizens may get ample time during the voting period.

Every citizen is registered first and all the details are managed at centralized database. And at
the time of elections the citizens will be login through their credentials and cast their vote.
 CONTENTS
Abstract
 Introduction
 Motivation
 Problem definition
 Objective of Project
 Limitations of Project
 Organization of Documentation
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
 Introduction
 Existing System
 Disadvantages of Existing system
 Proposed System
3. ANALYSIS
 Introduction
 Software Requirement Specification
 3.2.1. User requirement
 3.2.2. Software requirement
 3.2.3. Hardware requirement
 Content diagram or Architecture of Project
 Technologies used
4. DESIGN
 Introduction
 DFD / ER / UML diagram (any other project diagrams)
5. IMPLEMENTATION & RESULTS
 Introduction
 Explanation of Key functions
 Method of Implementation
 Output Screens
 Result Analysis
6. TESTING & VALIDATION
 Introduction
 Design of test cases and scenarios
 Validation
7. CONCLUSION
8. REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
Elections allow the populace to choose their representatives and express their preferences for
how they will be governed. The election system must be sufficiently robust to withstand a
variety of fraudulent behaviours and must be sufficiently transparent and comprehensible that
voters and candidates can accept the results of an election. The voting system must be
tamper-resistant Online voting systems are software platforms used to securely conduct
elections. As a digital platform, they eliminate the need to cast votes using paper or having to
gather in person. Presently voting is performed by using ballot paper and the counting is done
manually, hence it consumes a lot of time. There can be possibility of invalid votes. In our
proposed systems, voting and counting is automated. It makes the election process easy and
secure It also protect the integrity of every vote by preventing voters from being able to vote
multiple times. Voting services helps to save time, stick to best practices, and meet internal
requirements and/or external regulations, such as third-party vote administration needs.

Motivation
Elections play a major role in the country. Usually elections follow the Traditional Paper
based Voting or EVMs. Citizens has to move to the polling stations to cast their vote. It leads
to gathering of people in large number. In this pandemic situation it’s not safe to encourage
gatherings. And also, we cannot avoid the elections. People at remote areas from their native
places find difficult to reach their hometowns to cast vote due to various reasons. Aged
people cannot travel to polling stations and wait for longer time in queue to cast vote. In order
to overcome all these issues, we decided to find a solution and that is on-line voting system.

Problem Definition
Now-a-days people find very less time to cast the vote. And there are several issues where
India, democratic country is unable to get polling of 100%. In order to make voting easy and
secure, online voting system is helpful. Voter has to register first and then login. Voter is
authenticated and then proceed to voting page. Voter cast the vote and logout. One can view
the results at any instance of time.
 Objectives of The Project
● As everything became on-line now-a-days, making the voting process as everything
became on-line now-a-days, making the voting process also on-line

● To make more convenient for the people to vote especially for people who stay at remote
places like army or people who migrated to other places for their studies or occupations

● To prevent tampering of votes

● To Provide high security by using secured authentication mechanisms

● To increase Voting percentage

Limitations of Project

We are developing a website for casting the vote online. While casting the vote the most
important thing is security. We are providing security through the OTP authentication. OTP
also provides strong security but it would be more secure if we use fingerprint detection and
cornea detection and map it with the Aadhar database details.

Organization of Documentation:

In the document,

1) The first section provides the literature survey done for the project

2) Second section discusses the requirements of the project

3) Third section shows the project design

4) Fourth section discusses the results of the project

5) The fifth section discusses the validation and the last section gives the conclusion of the
project
 SURVEY

Introduction

Now-a-days, there are tons of things we do online, from shopping to doing of any official
arrangement. So, why don’t we make the elections also to be online.

In this pandemic situation, gatherings are very danger. So, if we are trying to make voting
process online.

Vote at anytime from anywhere. Today’s way of living doesn’t leave much free time. We have
little to no time to do anything or go anywhere. So, it would be good that may be giving the
chance to the members of our country to cast their vote in just a few minutes, without the
need to go to a certain place, would be a good option. So probably online voting would be
better option. Unlike traditional voting, that makes voters go to a specific time in order to
vote, online voting allows them to cast their vote at any time of the day and from any place,
just with the need of an Internet connection.

Boost Participation: As a result of previous point, choosing online voting for election will
more likely boost the participation. Many people can participate in the elections to cast their
vote so that the turnout increases.

Less Physical Infrastructure: When running a online voting system, we can avoid the need for
all the physical infrastructure usually required on a traditional voting. No need of paper,
printing, physical urns or staff. This may therefore lead to a lower monetary investment Fast
and easy votes tally: Since the counting of votes takes place through machines (automated),
human errors can be avoided. And also, the process becomes more faster so that the results
are also processed faster.

Security: Most important factor for voting systems. In our proposed system security is
provided by OTP authentication. We have observed some major components provided in their
website. Some of them are:

Voters: Target users of the website. Website provides platform to utilize their right to vote.
Services: It allows citizens to cast the vote.

Results: Every citizen can view the results of elections at any point of time.
Security: Security is provided by the website using the OTP authentication technique

We used html, CSS, JavaScript for the front-end development and PHP for connecting to the
database and storing the data.

Visual Studio code is the tool used for writing the code. XAMP is also used for developing
the project since it is a free and open source cross platform. It consists APACHE HTTP
server, MARIA DB database, and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl
programming languages. We have gone through the OTP authentication codes and chose to
implement the random OTP generation.

Existing System

In our country, we are following the traditional paper based voting system or EVMs which
has several drawbacks. Whatever the system we follow, we need to move to the polling
stations to cast the vote and it leads to gathering of people in larger number.

Disadvantages of Existing System

 Insecure polling stations

 Rigging of Votes
 Inadequate polling material
 Inexperienced Personnel
 Inaccessible polling stations

Proposed System

In order to overcome the issues of existing voting system that is traditional paper based
voting system we are developing an online voting system by taking the advantage of
centralised database with a web interface.

Online Voting System enables voter to cast the from any remote place
It will help to increase the level of population to cast the vote that is it increases the total
turnout

User is authenticated by OTP

Voting on internet provides a safe and private channel that allows all users participate on
equal terms

Increased accessibility for residents abroad and for persons with difficulties in travelling or
reduced mobility

The reduction in organizational and implementation costs significantly increases the

efficiency of online voting compared to traditional voting system Since the counting of votes
takes place through machines (automated), human errors can be avoided. And also, the
process becomes more faster so that the results are also processed faster.

Advantages

 It removes the possibility of invalid and uncertain votes which, in many cases, are the
root causes of dispute and election appeal
 It makes the procedure of counting the votes much faster than the traditional system
 High voter turns out
 Time saving process
 Secured process
 Instant results of voting
 ANALYSIS

Introduction
Analysis is gathering and interpreting the data needed for the dental clinic and website. It is
used for understanding how the system works. It gives a good understanding about the
requirements of the project.

Software Requirement Specification:

It captures complete description of how system works and the requirements of the system

User Requirement:

The website should allow the voter to cast the vote and give services only to the genuine user.
Genuine user should be identified via OTP authentication. User should be able to cast the
vote only once and only during the time of elections.

Software Requirements:

Operating System: Windows, Linux, Mac

Languages: PHP, HTML, CSS, Java Script

Database: MYSQL

Server: Apache

Tools: Visual Studio Code, XAMPP

Browser: All compatible browsers

Hardware Requirements:

Processor: core i3 or higher

RAM:2GB

Hard disk:25GB
Architecture of Project:

Admin maintains a database to maintain voter’s data. Voters cast the vote by registering
through the website. To reduce the manual work, we have built an online voting website for
an election to automate the elections process like generating the results. It works as follows:
A new user should register to access the services provided by the website. Then the user has
to login. Later, user will be verified by sending an OTP to his/her email. If user is a genuine
user, he will be redirected to the voting page where he can access the services provided by the
website. The information given

by the user will be stored in the database.so it can be retrieved whenever required. Users can
cast the vote online, view the results at any point of time. Once the users are done with their
activities they can log out of the website. In this way, their work becomes easier, secure, and
save their time.
Technologies used:

HTML:

HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language. HTML is the standard mark-up language
for creating Web pages. HTML describes the structure of a Web page. HTML consists of a
series of elements. HTML elements tell the browser how to display the content.

CSS:

CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets. CSS describes how HTML elements are to be
displayed on screen, paper, or in other media.CSS saves a lot of work. It can control the
layout of multiple web pages all at once. External stylesheets are stored in CSS files.

JS:

JS (Java Script) is used for:

(i) Client-side validation of form elements instead of sending data to server every time.
(ii) To insert new elements such as text box etc. to the website on the go.
(iii) To provide users notifications from the server.
(iv) To load data in the background from the server and loaded on to the page side
without reloading.

PHP:

PHP is an acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor”. PHP is a widely-used, open source
scripting language scripts are executed on the server is free to download and use PHP can be
used for the following:

PHP can generate dynamic page content

• PHP can create, open, read, write, delete, and close files on the server

• PHP can collect form data

• PHP can send and receive cookies

• PHP can add, delete, modify data in your database

• PHP can be used to control user-access

• PHP can encrypt data

 DESIGN

Introduction:
The design phase shows how the project has been implemented. The components involved in
the project. In these one or more designs are developed which gives the apparent results for
the project.

UML (Unified Modelling language) is a standard language for specifying, visualising,

constructing, and documenting the artefacts of software systems’ diagrams are simple to
understand. UML represents two different types of diagrams:

1)Structural diagrams:

These diagrams represent how the system is going to be built. These define the structure of
the system and the components involved in the system. It shows the static features of the
system the structural diagrams are:

• Class diagrams

• Object diagrams

• Components diagrams

• Deployment diagrams

2)Behavioural diagrams:

These diagrams represent the dynamic behaviour of the system. The interactions in the
system are shown using the behavioural diagrams the behavioural diagrams are:

• Activity diagrams

• Interaction diagrams

Sequence diagram

Collaboration diagram

• Use case diagrams

We have chosen class diagram, use case diagram and Sequence diagram for showing the
static and dynamic features of our project.

UML Diagrams:

Use case Diagram:

Use case diagram represents the user interactions with the system. It shows customer
relationship with different use cases. It helps in designing a system from users’ perspective. It
also shows the different functionalities provided by the system.

This use case diagram shows that a voter can login and logout of the system, cast the vote,
update profiles, manage votes, manage candidates, manage voters, display results.
Class Diagram:
It represents the structure of the system showing systems classes, attributes, operations and
relationships among the objects. It is a basic notation for other structure diagrams in UML

This class diagram has the following classes:

1)voter

2)candidate

3)result

4) result process

5)registration

One or more voters can use the web app and cast the vote.
 Sequence diagram:

It is a type of interaction diagram which shows how a group of objects work together in the
system.
It shows how objects and components interact with each other to complete a process.

This sequence diagrams represent how the interactions in our website takes place once a valid
user login into the system, the system checks if the credentials are present in the database. If
he is a valid user he will be navigated to next page where he can perform different operations
like casting votes, managing their details viewing results. Once he finished his tasks, he can
logout of the system.
 IMPLEMENTATION AND RESULT

Introduction:

Implementation is the carrying out plans mentioned in our system planning. Implementation
gives the opportunity to see the plans become a reality. Implementation is executing the
project. It makes the reality and helps in understanding the project.

Explanation of Key Functions:

The main function used in our project is OTP authentication. We have generated a random
OTP and sent to mail using PHP mailer and mail function. Once the OTP is sent the user can
type the OTP and again login into the system and access the services.

Method of Implementation:

We have followed iterative model for implementing the project.

In the Iterative model, iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a small set of
the software requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the complete
system is implemented and ready to be deployed.

In the Iterative model, iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a small set of
the software requirements and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the complete
system is implemented and ready to be deployed.

Iterative process starts with a simple implementation of a subset of the software requirements
and iteratively enhances the evolving versions until the full system is implemented. At each
iteration, design modifications are made and new functional capabilities are added. The basic
idea behind this method is to develop a system through repeated cycles (iterative) and in
smaller portions at a time (incremental)

Iterative and Incremental development is a combination of both iterative design or iterative

method and incremental build model for development. "During software development, more
than one iteration of the software development cycle may be in progress at the same time."
This process may be described as an "evolutionary acquisition" or "incremental build"
approach."

In this incremental model, the whole requirement is divided into various builds. During each
iteration, the development module goes through the requirements, design, implementation
and testing phases. Each subsequent release of the module adds function to the previous
release. The process continues till the complete system is ready as per the requirement.

The key to a successful use of an iterative software development lifecycle is rigorous

validation of requirements, and verification & testing of each version of the software against
those requirements within each cycle of the model. As the software evolves through
successive cycles, tests must be repeated and extended to verify each version of the software.

Like other SDLC models, Iterative and incremental development has some specific
applications in the software industry. This model is most often used in the following
scenarios-

● Requirements of the complete system are clearly defined and understood.

● Major requirements must be defined; however, some functionalities or requested

enhancements may evolve with time.

● There is a time to the market constraint.

● A new technology is being used and is being learnt by the development team while working
on the project.

● Resources with needed skill sets are not available and are planned to be used on contract
basis for specific iterations.

● There are some high-risk features and goals which may change in the future
Output Screens:
AUTHENTICATION OUTPUT SCREENS:
Result Analysis
We have made a detailed analysis of various results and their expected output of our project.
The given below are the results we have identified in the result analysis.

1.collecting registration details:

We collect all the user registration details which they fill in the registration form and that user
details we store in our database.

2.Validate Registration form:

At the time of new user registration, we validate the form so that already registered users
cannot be registered again.

3.Collect login details:

A user can log in once he has successfully registered with us and we verify the user
credentials with the user details which we have stored in our database.

4.Authenticate user:

Using OTP (One Time Password) authentication we authenticate the user. So that we can
know that our user was genuine or not.

5.Access Services:

Once the user is successfully login with our site then user can access all our services like
casting the vote, viewing the results.

6.Logout:

A user can log out at any time after successful login.

 TESTING AND VALIDATION

Introduction

Validation is ensuring that all the customer needs are satisfied. Software testing is evaluating
software requirements against requirements gathered from users and system specifications.

Testing can be done using two approaches:

1) Functionality testing

2)Implementation testing

Black box testing:

In black box testing the functionality of the system is tested. Here we do not check how the
project is implemented. For a certain input if expected output matches with the actual output
then the project is success otherwise it has bugs. It is also known as behavioural testing.

White box testing:

In white box testing the implementation is also checked. It is also known as structural testing.
In this design and code structure are known to the tester.

Test Cases:
Validation:

After the testing phase, following outcomes were achieved.

1)User can access the website at any time.

2)User can cast the vote from any remote area.

3)User can get instance results of elections without any delay.

4)Security is provided with otp authentication and there is no issue of tampering of votes.
 CONCLUSION

We are designing an alternative voting system besides the conventional voting system. Since,
today’s world has become very familiar with internet and people don’t find time to go out for
voting.

By doing this project we were able to bring a new system for online national voting for our
country. With the advent of technology and Internet in our day to day life, we were able to
offer advanced voting system to voters both in the country and outside through our online
voting system.

We are designing an alternative voting system besides the conventional voting system. Since,
today’s world has become very familiar with internet and people don’t find time to go out for
voting Gatherings are also very dangerous in this pandemic situation. Providing better
solution to overcome the issues with existing system-

● On-line web-based voting system which reduces the cost of voting

● Instant results of election

● Higher voter turn-out

● Enables large number of people to cast their vote evn at remote places

● Time saving process

● Improves the accessibility

● Security and Confidentiality

Future Scope:

 It will increase the overall voting percentage

 It will reduce election expenditure
 It can be made more secure by using the advance security methods like biometrics

Future Enhancement:

• Fingerprinting
• Cornea Detection
 REFERENCES

• Cranor, L. (2004). Electronic Voting Hot List. Retrieved from

http://lorrie.cranor.org/voting/hotlist.html

• Dill, D. (2004). E-voting Misconceptions. Retrieved from

www.verifiedvoting.org/article.php?id=2609.

• Dill, D. Lecture, October 14, UC Berkeley.

• Dugger, R. (2004). How They Could Steal the Election this Time. The Nation. Retrieved
from www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20040816&s-dugger, July 29, 2004