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8 views

kubernetes

Uploaded by

babulalshaik049
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Kubernetes

A Comprehensive Overview

What is Kubernetes?
Overview
• Open-source container orchestration platform
• Originally developed by Google
• Now maintained by CNCF
• Automates container deployment and management
• Provides declarative configuration

Key Benefits
• Container orchestration
• Automated rollouts and rollbacks
• Self-healing
• Horizontal scaling
• Load balancing
• Service discovery

Architecture Components
1. Control Plane Components
• kube-apiserver
• etcd
• kube-scheduler
• kube-controller-manager
• cloud-controller-manager

2. Node Components
• kubelet
• kube-proxy
• Container runtime
• CNI plugins
• CSI plugins

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3. Add-on Components
• DNS
• Dashboard
• Metrics server
• Network plugins
• Storage plugins

Core Concepts
1. Pods
• Smallest deployable unit
• One or more containers
• Shared network namespace
• Shared storage volumes
• Atomic unit of scheduling

2. Services
• Load balancing
• Service discovery
• Stable network endpoint
• Types: ClusterIP, NodePort, LoadBalancer
• ExternalName services

3. Volumes
• Persistent storage
• EmptyDir
• PersistentVolume
• PersistentVolumeClaim
• Storage Classes

Workload Resources
1. Deployments
• Declarative updates
• Rolling updates
• Rollback capability
• Scaling
• Self-healing

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2. StatefulSets
• Ordered pod management
• Stable network identities
• Stable persistent storage
• Ordered scaling
• Ordered updates

3. DaemonSets
• Run pods on all nodes
• System daemons
• Log collection
• Monitoring agents
• Node-level services

4. Jobs and CronJobs


• Batch processing
• Scheduled tasks
• Parallel execution
• Job completion tracking
• Automatic cleanup

Networking
1. Pod Networking
• Container Network Interface (CNI)
• Pod-to-pod communication
• Network policies
• Network plugins
• Service mesh integration

2. Service Networking
• ClusterIP services
• NodePort services
• LoadBalancer services
• Ingress controllers
• Network policies

3. DNS
• Service discovery

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• Pod DNS records
• Service DNS records
• External DNS
• CoreDNS

Storage
1. Volume Types
• EmptyDir
• HostPath
• PersistentVolume
• ConfigMap
• Secret

2. Storage Classes
• Dynamic provisioning
• Storage providers
• Volume binding modes
• Reclaim policies
• Volume expansion

3. Volume Management
• PersistentVolumeClaims
• Storage provisioners
• Snapshots
• Backup solutions
• Data protection

Security
1. Authentication
• Client certificates
• Bearer tokens
• Service accounts
• OpenID Connect
• Webhook token authentication

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2. Authorization
• RBAC
• Node authorization
• Webhook mode
• ABAC (legacy)
• Node restriction admission

3. Security Policies
• Pod security policies
• Network policies
• Security contexts
• Admission controllers
• Image security

Resource Management
1. Resource Requests
• CPU requests
• Memory requests
• Storage requests
• GPU requests
• Custom resources

2. Resource Limits
• CPU limits
• Memory limits
• Storage limits
• Quality of Service (QoS)
• LimitRanges

3. Resource Quotas
• Namespace quotas
• Resource quotas
• Object quotas
• Priority classes
• Quota scopes

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High Availability
1. Control Plane HA
• Multiple API servers
• Multiple schedulers
• Multiple controller managers
• etcd cluster
• Load balancing

2. Node HA
• Multiple worker nodes
• Node auto-repair
• Node auto-scaling
• Pod disruption budgets
• Anti-affinity rules

3. Application HA
• Replica sets
• Pod anti-affinity
• Topology spread constraints
• Multi-zone deployment
• Service mesh resilience

Monitoring and Logging


1. Metrics
• Resource usage
• Performance metrics
• Custom metrics
• Prometheus integration
• Metrics server

2. Logging
• Container logs
• Node logs
• Control plane logs
• Log aggregation
• Log analysis

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3. Alerting
• Monitoring systems
• Alert management
• Notification channels
• Escalation policies
• Incident response

Scaling
1. Manual Scaling
• Replica adjustment
• Resource allocation
• Node pools
• Cluster sizing
• Capacity planning

2. Horizontal Pod Autoscaling


• CPU-based scaling
• Memory-based scaling
• Custom metrics scaling
• External metrics
• Scaling policies

3. Cluster Autoscaling
• Node autoscaling
• Cluster size optimization
• Resource optimization
• Cost optimization
• Performance scaling

Best Practices
1. Application Design
• Container optimization
• Resource management
• High availability
• Security configuration
• Network design

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2. Operations
• Monitoring setup
• Backup strategies
• Disaster recovery
• Update procedures
• Documentation

3. Security
• Access control
• Network security
• Image security
• Secret management
• Compliance

Advanced Topics
1. Custom Resources
• CustomResourceDefinitions
• Operators
• Controllers
• API extensions
• Webhooks

2. Service Mesh
• Istio
• Linkerd
• Traffic management
• Security features
• Observability

3. GitOps
• Continuous deployment
• Infrastructure as code
• Configuration management
• Version control
• Automation

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Troubleshooting
1. Common Issues
• Pod failures
• Network issues
• Storage problems
• Resource constraints
• Configuration errors

2. Debug Tools
• kubectl commands
• Log analysis
• Metrics inspection
• Network diagnostics
• Resource monitoring

3. Resolution Steps
• Problem identification
• Root cause analysis
• Solution implementation
• Verification
• Documentation

Additional Resources
• Official Documentation
• Kubernetes Blog
• Community Support
• Training Resources
• Certification Paths

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