Fss 2015 Sol
Fss 2015 Sol
1. Let (X, Y ) be the point nearest (1, 1) that’s below the parabola y = x2
and at least 1 unit distant from every point on the parabola. Find
X + 2Y .
The answer is 3. To find (X, Y ), we look for a point at distance 1
from (1, 1) that is below the parabola (so Y < X 2 ) and that is not at
a distance of 1 from any other point on the parabola. If we arrange
that the circle of radius 1 about (X, Y ) is tangent to the parabola at
(1, 1), that will happen. The slope of the tangent line to the parabola
there is 2, so we want the slope of the radius from (1, 1) to (X, Y ) to
be
p−1/2. That means X = √ 1 + t, Y = 1 − t/2,
√ with t chosen√so that
t 1 + 1/4 = 1. So t = 2/ 5, X = 1 + 2/ 5, Y = 1 − 1/ 5, and
X + 2Y = 3.
2. Let ∞
log x
Z
f (x) = , L= f (x) dx.
1 + x2 1
1
U = log x, dV = x−2 , which yields U = 1/x and V = −x−1 . Thus
Z N N Z N
2 log x
log x/x dx = − + x−2 dx.
1 x 1 1
2
to be 1000−r 3 . In polar coordinates, d area is given by r dr dθ, or if
everything is independent of θ, as here, one just writes 2πr dr and
integratesR only with respect to r. The volume (in cubic meters) is
10
given by r=0 2πr(1000 − r 3 ) dr = 60000π.
(b) Find the work (in joules) required to lift all that water to the
surface. (G = 9.8, water density= 1000 kg per cubic meter.)
All the units are MKS units, so we can dispense with keeping track
of the names for the units. The work is the integral of mass times
distance stuff has to be lifted, times G. A vertical straw reaching from
the surface down to a depth of 1000 − r 3 meters will have volume
1000 − r 3 times its surface area, and while some of the water is not as
deep as other parts of it, the average depth of the water in the straw
is (1/2)(1000 − r 3 ). Thus we set up the problem as
Z 10
1
W = 9.8 × 1000 2πr (1000 − r 3 )2 dr.
r=0 2
That comes to 220500000000π. Just for your amusement and mine,
I converted this into megawatt hours. It came to a bit under 200 of
those. It would be expensive to empty that hole, even if the pump was
100 percent efficient.
3
4. Find the height of a regular tetrahedron with volume 1. (A regular
tetrahedron is a solid with four vertices (corners), each connected to
each of the others by edges all of the same length.) The required volume
is 2/31/6 .
Consider a regular tetrahedron T with edges of length 1. The base is an
equilateral triangle of edge 1. Taking one edge to be the interval [0, 1],
and the √third vertex to have positive y coordinate, that √
third vertex is
at (1/2, 3/2). The centroid Cpof the base is thus
√ (1/2, 3/6) and the
distance to C from a vertex is 1/4 + 3/36 = 13. Thep distance from
C to the fourth vertex is the height H of T , so H = 2/3 because
the triangle including C, the opposite vertex, and any other vertex is
a right triangle. Now p the volume
√ V of√T is one third base area times
height, so V = (1/3) · 2/3 · 3/4 = 2/12.
The tetrahedron whose height we√ want has volume 1, so we should scale
T by a scaling factor of s = (12/ 2)1/3 in each of its three dimensions
to bring
√ its volume to 1. So the height of our unit-volume tetrahedron
is s · 23 which works out to 2 · 3 −1/6
.
5. Find
1 1
1
Z Z
dy dx.
x=−1 y=−1 1 + (x − y)2
(a) Sketch a direction field for the system, covering the region −2 ≤
x, y ≤ 2, and show some typical flows or paths the system can
take.
4
(b) Find the equations of two lines through the origin, each with the
property that if the initial conditions x(0) = x0 , y(0) = y0 give
a point (x0 , y0 ) on the line, (x(t), y(t)) is on the line for all t.
In other words, the solution moves along the line. The √ lines are
y = m1 x and y = m2 x, where m1 and m2 are (−1 ± 5)/2.
√
(c) If x0 = y0 = 1, find limt→∞ y(t)/x(t). The limit is ( 5 − 1)/2
because the flows converge toward the line of that slope and then,
more or less along that line, toward the origin.