Rizal Presented by Group 4 Jose Rizal Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso Realonda also known as Jose Rizal. Born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19, 1861. He studied at the Ateneo Municipal and later at the University of Santo Tomas. He also went to Europe to continue medical studies. He wrote Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) and El Filibusterismo (The Rebel) He observed early how the Spaniards maltreated the Filipinos so he swore to work for the freedom of his country. He founded La Liga Filipina. He was executed on Bagumbayan Field on December 30, 1896. Retraction A statement saying that something you said or wrote at an earlier time is not true or correct Retraction of Rizal One of the most intriguing of all was the issues of Jose Rizal was his alleged retraction which was all about his reversion to the Catholic Faith and all other issues linked to it such as his marriage to Josephine Bracken. That issue was claimed to be true by the Roman Catholic defenders but asserted to be deceptive by the anti-retractionists. Date: December 29, 1896 Settings: Rizal’s prison cell at the Fort Santiago I declare myself a catholic and in this Religion in which I was born and educated I wish to live and die. I retract with all my heart whatever in my words, writings, publications and conduct has been contrary to my character as son of the Catholic Church. I believe and I confess whatever she teaches and I submit to whatever she demands. I abominate Masonry, as the enemy which is of the Church, and as a Society prohibited by the Church. The Diocesan Prelate may, as the Superior Ecclesiastical Authority, make public this spontaneous manifestation of mine in order to repair the scandal which my acts may have caused and so that God and people may pardon me. (Manila 29 of December of 1896) First Text published by La Vaz Española and Diaro de Manila
FOUR TEXTS OF Second text appeared in Barcelona, Spain
RIZAL’S RETRACTION The “original” text discovered in the archdiocesian archives
Fourth text appeared in El
Imparcial Retraction The first text was published in La Voz Española and Diaro de Manila
text 1 on the very day of Rizal’s execution, Dec. 30, 1896. Retraction The second text appeared in Barcelona, Spain, on February 14, 1897, in the fortnightly magazine in
text 2 La Juventud; it came from an anonymous writer who revealed himself fourteen years later as Fr. Balaguer. Retraction The "original" text was discovered in the archdiocesan archives on May 18, 1935, after it disappeared for
text 3 thirty-nine years from the afternoon of the day when Rizal was shot. Retraction The fourth text appeared in El Imparcial on the day after Rizal’s
text 4 execution; it is the short formula of the retraction. Reasons for Rizal’s Retraction
He wanted to He wanted to He wanted to He wanted to
marry protect his reforms from heal the Josephine family the Spanish sickness of the Bracken Government Catholic Church Rizal’s Execution Rizal was imprisoned in Fort Santiago and later, was tried as a traitor to Spain. He strongly denied any connection with the Katipunan and the plan to topple the government but the military court didn’t listen to his arguments. He was sentenced to be shot to death. On the early morning of December 30, 1896 he was executed. Rizal’s execution emboldened the Filipinos to fight for their country and it’s independence. Documents about Retraction of Rizal come from: Father Vicente Balaguer
He is a Jesuit priest who claimed that
he conveyed to convince Rizal to denounce Masonry and return to Catholic fold. In 1917, an affidavit executed that proves he was who solemnized the marriage of Jose Rizal and Josephine Bracken. Father Jose Vilaclara
During Rizal's imprisonment,
Father Jose Vilaclara, a Jesuit priest, aimed to reconcile Rizal with the Catholic Faith. Father Pio Pi
He sent 6 Jesuits (Fr. Vicente
Balaguer, Fr. Jose Villaclara, Fr Estanislao March, Fr. Luis Visa, Fr. Federico Faura and Fr. Miguel Saderra) to Rizal’s detention cell to persuade Rizal to retract his anti-Catholic teachings as well as his affiliation with the Masons Father Manuel Garcia In 1935, Spanish priest Manuel García claimed to find José Rizal's "retraction document" in the Manila Archdiocese archives. Allegedly written by Rizal before his execution in 1896, it stated he retracted his criticisms of the Catholic Church. Lazaro Segovia
Lazaro Segovia was allegedly
hired to forge the signatures on important documents, including the retraction letter of José Rizal. Archbishop Nozaleda He visited Rizal in his cell at Fort Santiago and brought with him the first draft of the retraction letter.
Rizal made slight revisions in
his retraction from the proposed letter by Fr. Pi. Gaspar Castano
He asserted that he had read it,
held it in his hands, and could attest that the document he read contained Rizal's retraction. Father Antonio Rosell A Jesuit priest, an eyewitness. he was reportedly present during Rizal’s final hours and was one of those who supposedly witnessed Rizal’s signing of the retraction document. On december 30, 1896, he saw the retraction letter in ateneo Luis Taviel de Andrade
Luis Taviel de Andrade was a first
lieutenant of Artillery and the younger brother of Lieutenant Jose Taviel de Andrade who has been José Rizal's bodyguard and friend. Taviel was chosen by Rizal to be his lawyer. Thomas Gonzales Feijoo
The retraction document was
handed to him for safekeeping in the archives of the Secretary’s office. Analysis of Rizal’s Retraction
After the analyzation of four texts of Rizal’s
retraction, we know that the reproductions of the lost original copy has been made by a copyist who could imitate Rizal’s handwriting. This fact is revealed by Fr. Balguer himself who, in his letter to his former superior Fr. Pio Pi in 1910. Analysis of Rizal’s Retraction
Regarding to the “original” text, no one ever
claimed to see it, except the publishers of La Voz Española. Neither Fr. Pi nor His Grace the Archbishop ascertained whether Rizal himself was the one who wrote and signed the retraction. Analysis of Rizal’s Retraction
On May 18, 1935, the lost “original” document pf
Rizal’s retraction was discovered by the archdeocean archivist but instead of ending the doubts abou the retraction, issues resurfaced because the newly discovered text differs significantly from the text found in the Jesuit’s and the Archbishop’s copies. Differences of the texts about the retraction 1st Instead of the words “mi cualidad” (with you) which appear in the original and the newspaper texts, the Jesuit’s copies have “mi calidad”. The Jesuits' copies of the
2nd retraction omit the word "Catolica" after the first "Iglesias" which are found in the original and the newspaper texts. The Jesuits' copies of the
3rd retraction add before the third "Iglesias" the word "misma" which is not found in the original and the newspaper texts of the retraction. With regards to paragraphing which immediately strikes the eye of the critical reader, Fr.
4th Balaguer’s text does not begin the second paragraph until the fifth sentences while the original and the newspaper copies start the second paragraph immediately with the second sentences. Whereas the texts of the
5th retraction in the original and in the manila newspapers have only four commas, the text of Fr. Balaguer’s copy has eleven commas. The most important of all, Fr.
6th Balaguer’s copy did not have the names of the witnesses from the texts of the newspapers in Manila. Conclusion - Following additional investigation and discussion, we concluded that Rizal did not compose a retraction text due to flaws discovered in the text and people's testimonies. References Philippine History by Teodoro A. Agoncillo and Fe B. Mangahas
