Zigurat Global Institute of Technology

Global Master’s in Construction Project Management (21-22)

Module 12 - Teamwork Assignment/Submission

Team members (Alphabetically) –

1) Mr. Chukwuemeka Okere,
2) Mr. Milosz Leonard Nowaczyk,
3) Mr. Omkar Bhimrao Bhosekar,
4) Mr. Winston Hiraldo.

Module 12 Unit 02
The dialogue is as follows –
Project Manager – Good Afternoon, I welcome everyone for this meeting. As
informed earlier, today we are here to discuss the use of Building Information
Modelling (BIM) for our hospital project. I would like to start my presentation with
your permission,
Client – Client nodes as yes.
Contractor – Contractor nodes as yes.
Project Manager – As we all are aware, we are going to start the design (currently in
the pre-design) phase very soon. So, this is the most appropriate time for the introducing
BIM to our project.
Client – Why is this so important? I mean what is the benefit of taking the decision
about BIM at this stage? Can you explain it to me?
Design Leader – I also have the same question.
Project Manager – The pre-design phase is the first step towards the realization of the
project, and it usually involves several long-term decisions. One of such decisions is
whether BIM should be used in the process or not. At this point, it’s extremely rare for
companies not to take the many advantages that BIM has to offer, but it’s still a choice
nevertheless. Additionally, the schematic model of the project is also created at this
step, and made by the architect. This kind of model is then presented to the project
owner, with a sufficient explanation about different facilities, expected costs and the
materials involved. It’s not uncommon for the owner to ask questions or offer their
thoughts on the design in question, and only after going over all of the owner’s
corrections can the model finally enter the design phase. I hope, this give you an
introductory idea about “what is the use of BIM in the project?”
Client & Design Leader – Both nodes as “yes”.
Project Manager – Now, I would like to divide the benefits of BIM in 3 major
classifications –

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 a) Design Leader,
b) Client,
c) Contractor.
1) Design part – it is concerned with the design leader work area. When we think
of the design, we just consider it as “the way in which something is planned and
made or arranged”. But design is not limited to this. When we penetrate into the
detail, it involves, “structural analysis”, “lighting analysis”, “energy
analysis”, “mechanical analysis”, “other engineering analysis”,
“sustainability evaluation” and “cost validation”.
Now, “structural analysis” with reference to BIM, means “a process in which
analytical modelling software utilizes the BIM design authoring model so to determine
the behaviour of a given structural system. With the modelling minimum required
standards for structural design and analysis are used for optimization”.
When we refer to “lighting analysis” with reference to BIM, it means “leveraging the
model to perform a quantitative and aesthetic review of the lighting conditions within a
space or on a surface or series of surfaces. This can include daylighting analysis or
artificial lighting analysis”.
Now, “energy analysis” with reference to BIM, means “a process in the facility
design phase which one or more building energy simulation programs use a properly
adjusted BIM model to conduct energy assessments for the current building design”.
Now, when we refer to “mechanical analysis” with reference to BIM, it means “a
process in which intelligent modelling software uses the BIM model to determine the
most effective mechanical system design based on engineering and design
specifications”.
Now, “other engineering analysis” with reference to BIM, means “a process in
which intelligent modelling software uses the BIM model to determine the most
effective engineering method based on design specifications.
Now, when we refer to “sustainability evaluation” with reference to BIM, means “a
process in which a BIM project is evaluated based on “Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design (LEED)”, “Associated Chambers of Commerce and
Industry of India - Green and Eco-friendly Movement (ASSOCHAM-GEM)”,
“Indian Green Building Council (IGBC)”, “Green Rating for Integrated Habitat
Assessment (GRIHA)”, “Passive house (German – Passivhaus)”, “Building
Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM)” or other
sustainable criteria”. This process should occur during all stages of a facilities life
including planning, design, construction, and operation.
Now, “code validation” with reference to BIM, means “a process in which code
validation software is utilized to check the model parameters against project-specific
codes”.

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 2) Client part – From client point of view, following are the benefits of BIM.
Improve Onsite Collaboration and Communication – Digital BIM models allow for
sharing, collaborating, and versioning that paper drawing sets don’t. With cloud-based
tools such as Autodesk’s BIM 360, BIM collaboration can seamlessly occur across all
disciplines within the project. The BIM 360 ecosystem allows teams to share project
models and coordinate planning, ensuring all design stakeholders have insight into the
project. Cloud access also allows project teams to take the office to the field. With apps
such as Autodesk’s BIM 360 tools, teams can review drawings and models onsite and
on their mobile devices, ensuring they have access to up-to-date project information at
any time.
Model-Based Cost Estimation – Many firms are realizing that including estimators
earlier in the planning stage allows for more effective construction cost estimation,
which has led to the growth of model-based cost estimating (also known as 5D BIM).
Using BIM tools such as Autodesk’s Revit and BIM 360 Docs automates the time-
consuming task of quantifying and applying costs, allowing estimators to focus on
higher value factors, such as identifying construction assemblies and factoring risks.
Visualize Projects in Preconstruction – By using BIM, we can plan and visualize the
entire project during preconstruction, before the shovel hits the ground. Space-use
simulations and 3D visualizations allow clients to experience what the space will look
like offering the ability to make changes before construction start. Having a greater
overview from the beginning minimizes expensive and time-consuming changes later.

3) Contractor – From the contractor point of view, following are the benefits of
BIM/
Better Coordination and Clash Detection – BIM allows you to better coordinate
trades and subcontractors, detecting any MEP, internal, or external clashes before
construction begins. Will the electrical conduits clash with a steel beam? Do the
doorways have enough clearance? With Autodesk’s BIM 360 Glue you can avoid
clashes with automated clash detection. Reduce the amount of rework needed on any
given job by avoiding clashes. With BIM, you have the opportunity to plan it right
before you build onsite. You can avoid last-minute changes and unforeseen issues by
enabling easy reviewing and commenting across multiple disciplines.
Mitigate Risk and Reduce Cost – One study found that 75% of companies that have
adopted BIM reported positive returns and on their investments. But BIM can save you
money in a myriad of ways if you take advantage of it. Closer collaboration with
contractors can lead to reductions in tender risk premiums, lower insurance costs, fewer
overall variations, and fewer opportunities for claims. Better overview of the project
before starting allows for more prefabrication and reduces waste on unused materials.
Prefabricated elements can be easily bolted in place rather than created on-site. Labour
costs spent on documentation work and miscommunications are reduced. Many
companies are using BIM and construction technology to reduce costs and mitigate risk.
With an ever-increasing number of team members using project data, real-time

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collaboration and a single document repository such as BIM 360 Docs reduces the risk
of any company using outdated information. Making sure the right information is
available at the right time is essential to completing a successful quality project.
Improved Scheduling/Sequencing – In the same way that many of these benefits save
money, they save time by reducing the time of project cycles and eliminating
construction schedule setbacks. BIM allows design and documentation to be done at the
same time, and for documentation to be easily changed to adapt to new information
such as site conditions. Schedules can be planned more accurately and communicated
exactly, and the improved coordination helps projects be more likely to be completed
on-time or early.
Increase Productivity with Prefabrication – BIM data can be used to instantly
generate production drawings or databases for manufacturing purposes, allowing for
increased use of prefabrication and modular construction technology. By designing,
detailing and building offsite in a controlled environment, you can diminish waste,
increase efficiency, and reduce labour and material costs.
Better Safety on Construction Sites – BIM can help improve construction safety by
pinpointing hazards before they become problems, and avoid physical risks by
visualizing and planning site logistics ahead of time. Visual risk analysis and safety
evaluations can help ensure safety over the course of the project execution.
Execute Overall Better Builds – The increased reliability of a coordinated model leads
directly to greater building quality. By sharing common BIM tools, more experienced
team members work together with builders through all phases of the project, providing
better control over technical decisions around design execution. The optimal ways to
construct a project can be tested and chosen early in the project, and structural
deficiencies can be identified before building. With the use of visualizations, better
design aesthetics can be more easily chosen, such as modelling the flow of natural light
into a building. Then, during construction, reality capture technology can be utilized to
improve accuracy.
Well ladies and gentlemen, these are the uses of BIM if we make a decision of its use
at this stage. If anyone has any question, kindly let me know.
Design Leader – Well, I got all this. But what are the various types of models we will
be using?
Project Manager – This is a great question. We are mostly using 3 types of models,
which are Architectural model, Structural model, MEP model.
Architectural Model – An architectural model is a 3D representation of a proposed
building design. With an architecture model, you can see the potential scale and design
of a construction or interior design project.
Architectural models serve many purposes, from conception to the finished product, viz
• Models can sell a project. Architects use models for project visualization
between the architect and client, to sell a project idea (or planning one), or to
provide information to the public about proposed or existing real estate.

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 • Models can save you time and money. An architectural model can help
contractors pinpoint any possible construction challenges. The model gives
inspectors a 3D visualization of the project, allowing them to pinpoint any
possible issues. Addressing these issues in the design phase can save you money
and time.
• Models can help with fundraising. A well-built model can help you raise the
money to finance the creation of your project. The model gives investors a visual
representation of your idea, allowing them to see exactly where their money is
going.
Structural Model – Building Information Modelling (BIM) structural model is an
intelligent, 3D model-based process that helps structural professionals to design, detail,
document, and fabricate structural systems.
MEP Model – In the construction world, MEP stands for “mechanical, electrical and
plumbing.” MEP engineering is the science and art of planning, designing and
managing the MEP systems of a building. Building Information Modelling (BIM)
Mechanical, Electrical & Plumbing (MEP) is an intelligent, 3D model-based process
that helps MEP professionals design, detail, document, and fabricate building systems
more efficiently. With BIM, project teams improve collaboration, share data, and speed
up project delivery from design to construction. Working in a BIM process gives MEP
project teams insight into design and constructability, to improve accuracy, reduce and
resolve clashes, and optimize building systems design. Using BIM, MEP engineers can
make better design decisions earlier to optimize designs, reduce risk, and improve
accuracy and constructability.
Design Leader – Ok. Thank you. My all doubts are cleared.
Project Manager – Anyone has any further questions?
Design Leader, Client & Contractor – Everyone nodes as “no”.
Project Manager – So kindly share your decision about use of BIM for the project.
Design Leader, Client & Contractor – Everyone says, we are approving it.
Project Manager – Well, thank you for your attention, time and patience. We are
happy to get the approval and looking forward for the further procedure.

Note – As the team assignment was concerned with the argument only, here we are
stopping at the argument only. Not describing the detailed procedure after the oral
approval, which is paper signing and etc.

Note – As project manager has explained everything in detail, there is no long Q&A
between them. Because, Q&A mainly involves the queries and their
answers/explanation only in case the initial/introductory explanation is not proper or
well understood.

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 Module 12 Unit 03

In order to create the workflow, we need to agree on some elements that will represent
different stages of it –
⃞ – Square signifies the operation (work like drilling, concreting, transport, as well as
design, fabrication, delivery, installation, controlling and so on).
→ – Arrow is a representation of the flow
△ – Triangle means the inventory (the output of work, can be a result of both physical
work-like columns and ‘knowledge work’ like simulations required or drawing
checked). A good definition from this site tells us the following: inventory – materials
(and information) present along a value stream between processing steps.

A very simple example of designing and controlling of design documentation for

foundations we can have the following process.

Engineering – Design Control of the Controlled Revision of the Approved design

Design of documentation documentation design documentation documentation of
Foundations of foundations documentation foundations
of foundations

So we see the simple process. But how do we know who does what? For that, we can
introduce horizontal lines and add responsible parties for a given activity and inventory.
Lets add ‘Designer’ and ‘Control engineer’ to the example –

And then, to understand how long time does the whole process take, we can add the
time (in hours, days, weeks) under each activity. In our example let’s assume 14, 5 and
3 days for each relevant work that has to be done –

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As the time required for each activity is known, we can set the time for each activity, as
per our requirement. As time, cost and quality are the three major constraints of any
project, change in any one will affect the other, by keeping one constraint constant. We
will be able to maintain the quality, by reducing the time and by monitor the money.