Python Control Statements

In any programming language a program may execute

sequentially, selectively or iteratively. Every
programming language provides constructs to support
Sequence, Selection and Iteration. In Python all these
construct can broadly categorized in 2 categories.
A.Conditional Control Construct
(Selection, Iteration)
B.Un- Conditional Control Construct
(pass, break, continue, exit(), quit())

Python have following types of control statements

1. Selection ( branching) continue)Statement Python
Statement 2. Iteration
( looping) Statement Selection Statements
Conditional Control Statements
3. Jumping (break / Un Conditional Control Statements

Python have following types of selection statements

1.if statement
2.if else statement
 3. Ladder if else statement (if-elif-else)
4.Nested if statement
Python If statements
This construct of python program consist of one if
condition with one block of statements. When condition
becomes true then executes the block given below it.
Syntax:
if ( condition):
…………………..
…………………..
………………….. Flow Chart: it is a graphical
representation of steps an
algorithm to solve a problem.

Flowchart

Example:
Age=int(input(“Enter Age: “))
If ( age>=18):
Print(“You are eligible for vote”)

If(age<0):
Print(“You entered Negative Number”)

Python if - else statements

This construct of python program consist of one if condition with two
blocks. When condition becomes true then executes the block given
below it. If condition evaluates result as false, it will executes the block
given below else.

Syntax:
if ( condition):
…………………..
else:
…………………..

Flowchart
Example-1:
Age=int(input(“Enter Age: “))

if ( age>=18):
print(“You are eligible for vote”)
else:

print(“You are not eligible for vote”)

Example-2:
N=int(input(“Enter Number: “))
if(n%2==0):
print(N,“ is Even Number”) Else:
print(N,“ is Odd Number”)
Python Ladder if else statements (if-elif-else)
This construct of python program consist of more than one if condition.
When first condition evaluates result as true then executes the block
given below it. If condition evaluates result as false, it transfer the
control at else part to test another condition. So, it is multi-decision
making construct.

Syntax:
if ( condition-1):
…………………..
…………………..
elif (condition-2):
…………………..
…………………..
elif (condition-3):
…………………..
…………………..
else:
…………………..
…………………..
Example:
num=int(input(“Enter Number: “))
If ( num>=0):
Print(“You entered positive number”)
elif ( num<0):
Print(“You entered Negative number”)
else:
Print(“You entered Zero ”)
Python Nested if statements
It is the construct where one if condition take part inside of other if
condition. This construct consist of more than one if condition. Block
executes when condition becomes false and next condition evaluates
when first condition became true.
So, it is also multi-decision making construct.

Syntax: FlowChart
if ( condition-1):
if (condition-2):
……………
……………
else:
……………
……………
else:
…………………..
…………………..

Example:
num=int(input(“Enter Number: “))
If ( num<=0):
 if ( num<0):
Print(“You entered Negative number”)
else:
Print(“You entered Zero ”)
else:
Print(“You entered Positive number”)
Program: find largest number out of given three numbers
x=int(input("Enter First Number: "))
y=int(input("Enter Second Number: "))
z=int(input("Enter Third Number: "))
if(x>y and x>z):
largest=x
elif(y>x and y>z):
largest=y
elif(z>x and z>y):
largest=z
print("Larest Value in %d, %d and %d is: %d"%(x,y,z,largest))

Program: calculate simple interest

Formula: principle x (rate/100) x time
p=float(input("Enter principle amount: "))
r=float(input("Enter rate of interest: "))
t=int(input("Enter time in months: "))
si=p*r*t/100
print("Simple Interest=",si)

Program: calculate EMI

Input the following to arrive at your Equal Monthly Installment -EMI:
1. Loan Amount: Input the desired loan amount that you wish to
avail.
2. Loan Tenure (In Years): Input the desired loan term for which you
wish to avail the loan.
3. Interest Rate (% P.A.): Input interest rate.
4. EMI=[ [P*R*(1+R)N] / [(1+R)N-1] ]

P=int(input("Enter loan amount: "))

YR=float(input("Enter rate of interest P.A. : "))
T=int(input("Enter tenure(Installments) in years:
")) MR=YR/(12*100) # Monthly Rate
EMI=(P*MR*(1+MR)**T)/(((1+MR)**T)-1)
print("Principle Amount: ",P)
print("Rate of Interest(Yearly): ",YR)
print("No. of Installments: ",T)
print("EMI Amount: ",EMI)

Program: Sorting of three number. (Ascending and Descending)

x=int(input("Enter First Number: "))
y=int(input("Enter Second Number: "))
z=int(input("Enter Third Number: "))
min=max=mid=None
if(x>=y and x>=z):
if(y>=z):
min,mid,max=z,y,x
else:
min,mid,max=y,z,x
elif(y>=x and y>=z):
if(x>=z):
min,mid,max=z,x,y
else:
min,mid,max=x,z,y
elif(z>=x and z>=y):
if(x>=y):
min,mid,max=y,x,z
else:
min,mid,max=x,y,z
print("Numbers in Ascending Order: ",min,mid,max)
print("Numbers in Descending Order: ",max,mid,min)
Program: Absolute Value
Absolute value of a given number is always measured as positive
number. This number is the distance of given number from the 0(Zero).
The input value may be integer, float or complex number in Python. The
absolute value of given number may be integer or float.

(i). Absolute Value of -5 is 5 (ii) Absolute Value of -3 is 3 (iii) Absolute Value of 4 is 4

n=float(input("Enter a number to find absolute value: "))
print("Absolute Value using abs(): ",abs(n))
if(n-int(n)>=0 or n-int(n)<=0): # This code is used to identify that number is float or int type.
pass
else:
n=int(n)
if(n<0):
print("Absolute Value= ",n*-1)
else:
print("Absolute Value= ",n)
Program: Calculate the Total selling price after levying the GST (Goods
and Service Tax) as CGST and SGST on sale.
CGST (Central Govt. GST), SGST (State Govt. GST)
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Sale amount CGST Rate SGST Rate
--------------------------------------------------------------------
0-50000 5% 5%
Above 50000 18% 18%
--------------------------------------------------------------------
amt=float(input("Enter total Sale Amount: "))
if(amt<=50000):
rate=5
else:
rate=18
cgst=sgst=amt*rate/100
tot_amt=amt+cgst+sgst
print("Amount of Sale: ",amt)
print("GST rate of Sale: ",rate)
print("CGST of Sale: ",cgst)
print("SGST of Sale: ",sgst)
print("Total Payable Amount of Sale: ",tot_amt)

Python Iteration Statements

The iteration (Looping) constructs mean to execute the block of
statements again and again depending upon the result of condition. This
repetition of statements continues till condition meets True result. As
soon as condition meets false result, the iteration stops.
Python supports following types of iteration statements
1. while
2. for
Four Essential parts of Looping:
i. Initialization of control variable
ii. Condition testing with control variable
iii. Body of loop Construct
iv. Increment / decrement in control variable

Python while loop

The while loop is conditional construct that executes a block of
statements again and again till given condition remains true. Whenever
condition meets result false then loop will terminate.
Syntax:
Initialization of control variable
while (condition):
…………………..
Updation in control variable
..…………………
Flowchart
Example: print 1 to 10 numbers
num=1 # initialization
while(num<=10): # condition testing
print(num, end=” “)
Body of loop
num + = 1 # Increment

Example: Sum of 1 to 10 numbers.

num=1
sum=0
while(num<=10):
sum + = num
num + = 1
print(“The Sum of 1- 10 numbers: “,sum)
Example: Enter per day sale amount and find average sale for a week.
Python range( ) Function
 The range() function returns a sequence of numbers, starting from 0
by default, and increments by 1 (by default), and ends at a specified
number. The common format of range() is as given below:

range ( start value, stop value, step value )

Where all 3 parameters are of integer type Start and Step Parameters are
Start value is Lower Limit optional default value will be as
Stop value is Upper Limit Start=0 and Step=1
Step value is Increment / Decrement

Note: The Lower Limit is included but Upper Limit is not included in
result. Example

range(5) => sequence of 0,1,2,3,4

range(2,5) => sequence of 2,3,4
range(1,10,2) => sequence of 1,3,5,7,9
range(5,0,-1) => sequence of 5,4,3,2,1
range(0,-5) => sequence of [ ] blank list (default Step is +1)
range(0,-5,-1) => sequence of 0, -1, -2, -3, -4 range(-5,0,1) =>
sequence of -5, -4, -3, -2, -1 range(-5,1,1) => sequence of -5, -
4, -3, -2, -1, 0

L=list(range(1,20,2)
Print(L) Output: [1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, 19]

Python for loop

A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a
string etc.) With for loop we can execute a set of statements, and for loop can
also execute once for each element in a list, tuple, set etc.
 Example: print 1-10 numbers Example: print 10-1 numbers
for num in range(1,11,1): for num in range(10,0,-1): print(num, end=”
“) print(num, end=” “)

Output: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Output: 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Print each element in a fruit list:

fruits = ["mango", "apple", "grapes", "cherry"]
for x in fruits:
print(x) membership operators. These
output: operators check either given
mango value is available in sequence
apple
grapes
or not. The “in” operator
cherry returns Boolean True result if
value exist in sequence
for x in "TIGER": print(x)
output: otherwise returns Boolean
T False.
I
G
The “not in” operator also
E returns Boolean True / False
R result but it works opposite to
Membership Operators: “in” operator.
The “in” and “not in” are
else in for Loop
The else keyword in for loop specifies a block of code to be executed when the
loop is finished:
for x in range(4):
print(x, end=” “)
else:
print("\nFinally finished!")
output: 0 1 2 3
Finally finished!

Nested Loops
A nested loop is a loop inside another loop.

city = ["Jaipur", "Delhi", "Mumbai"]

fruits = ["apple", "mango", "cherry"]
for x in city:
for y in fruits:
print(x, “:”,y)
output:
Jaipur : apple
Jaipur : mango
Jaipur : cherry
Delhi : apple
Delhi : mango
Delhi : cherry
Mumbai : apple
Mumbai : mango
Mumbai : cherry

Un- Conditional Control

Construct (pass, break, continue, exit(),
quit())
pass Statement (Empty Statement)
 The pass statement do nothing, but it used to complete the syntax of
programming concept. Pass is useful in the situation where user does not
requires any action but syntax requires a statement. The Python compiler
encounters pass statement then it do nothing but transfer the control in flow of
execution.

a=int(input("Enter first Number: "))

b=int(input("Enter Second Number: "))
if(b==0):
pass
else:
print("a/b=",a/b)

for x in [0, 1, 2]:

pass

Jumping Statements
break Statement
The jump- break statement enables to skip over a part of code that
used in loop even if the loop condition remains true. It terminates to
that loop in which it lies. The execution continues from the statement
which find out of loop terminated by break.

n=1 n+=1
while(n<=5): print()
print("n=",n)
k=1 Exit the loop when x is "banana":
while(k<=5): Output: n= 1
if(k==3): k= 1 k= 2 n= 2
break k= 1 k= 2 n= 3
print("k=",k, end=" ") k+=1 k= 1 k= 2 n= 4
k= 1 k= 2 n= 5
k= 1 k= 2

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for x in fruits:
if x == "banana":
break
print(x)
output: apple
Continue Statement
Continue statement is also a jump statement. With the help
of continue statement, some of statements in loop, skipped
over and starts the next iteration. It forcefully stop the
current iteration and transfer the flow of control at the loop
controlling condition.

i=0
while i <=10:
i+=1
if (i%2==1):
continue
print(I, end=” “)
output: 2 4 6 8 10

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "cherry"]

for x in fruits:
 if x == "banana":
continue
print(x)
output:
apple
cherry

Thanks