MVJ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING BANGALORE-560067

(An Autonomous Institute)

A MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON

“Smart Crop Prediction Based on Soil Fertility”

Submitted in practical fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of E n gineering

in

CSE -DATA SCIENCE

Submitted by
LINGUTLA CHAITANYA 1MJ22CD026
ROHAN R N 1MJ22CD044
SUJAN S R 1MJ22CD056
VARUN RAJ E T 1MJ22CD059
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF

Prof. Rekha P
Assistant Professor,
Dept of CSE-Data science
MVJ College of Engineering Banglore-560067

Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Recognized by

(B), Accredited by NBA & NAAC

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 MVJ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU-
560067
(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)

DEPARTMENT OF CSE -DATA SCIENCE

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the minor project work titled ‘Smart Crop Prediction based on Soil Fertility’ is
carried out by LINGUTLA CHAITANYA (1MJ22CD026), ROHAN R N (1MJ22CD044),
SUJAN S R (1MJ22CD056), VARUN RAJ E T (1MJ22CD059) who are confide students
of MVJ College of Engineering, Bengaluru, in partial fulfilment for the award of Degree of
Bachelor of Engineering in CSE-Data Science of the Visvesvaraya Technological
University, Belagavi during the year 2024-2025. It is certified that all corrections/suggestions
indicated for the Internal Assessment have been incorporated in the mini project report
deposited in the departmental library. The mini project report has been approved as it satisfies
the academic requirements in respect of major project work prescribed by the institution for
the said Degree.

Signature of Guide Signature of HOD Signature of Principal

Prof. Rekha P Prof. Rekha P Dr. Ajayan K R

External Viva

Name of Examiners Signature with Date

ii
 MVJ COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, BENGALURU-
560067
(Autonomous Institution Affiliated to VTU, Belagavi)

DEPARTMENT OF CSE-DATA SCIENCE

DECLARATION

We, LINGUTLA CHAITANYA (1MJ22CD026), ROHAN R N (1MJ22CD044), SUJAN

S R (1MJ22CD056), VARUN RAJ E T (1MJ22CD059) students of fifth semester B.E.,
Department of CSE-Data Science, MVJ College of Engineering, Bengaluru, hereby declare
that the mini project titled ‘Smart Crop Prediction based on Soil Fertility’ has been carried
out by us and submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of Degree of Bachelor of
Engineering in CSE-Data Science during the year 2024-2025.

Further we declare that the content of the dissertation has not been submitted previously by
anybody for the award of any Degree or Diploma to any other University.

We also declare that any Intellectual Property Rights generated out of this project carried out
at MVJCE will be the property of MVJ College of Engineering, Bengaluru and we will be
one of the authors of the same.

Place: Bengaluru

Date:

Name Signature
1. LINGUTLA CHAITANYA (1MJ22CD026)
2. ROHAN R N (1MJ22CD044)
3. SUJAN S R (1MJ22CD056)
4. VARUN RAJ E T (1MJ22CD059)

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The satisfaction and euphoria that accompany a successful completion of any task would be
incomplete without the mention of people who made it possible, success is the epitome of
hard work and perseverance, but steadfast of all is encouraging guidance.

So, with gratitude we acknowledge all those whose guidance and encouragement served as
beacon of light and crowned our effort with success.

We are thankful to Dr. Ajayan K R, Principal of MVJCE for his encouragement and support
throughout the mini project work.

We are thankful to Dr. Brindha M, Vice-Principal of MVJCE for her encouragement and
support throughout the mini project work.

We are thankful to Prof. Kumar R, Controller of Examinations for his encouragement and
support throughout the mini project work.

We are also thankful to Prof. Rekha P, HOD, Information Science and Engineering
Department for his incessant encouragement & all the help during the mini project work.

We consider it a privilege and honour to express our gratitude to our guide Prof. Rekha P
Assistant Professor, Information Science and Engineering Department for his valuable
guidance throughout the tenure of this mini project work, and whose support and
encouragement made this work possible.

It is also an immense pleasure to express our deepest gratitude to all faculty members of our
department for their cooperation and constructive criticism offered, which helped us a lot
during our mini project work.

Finally, we would like to thank all our family members and friends whose encouragement
and support was invaluable

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 ABSTRACT

Agriculture continues to be a fundamental sector for economic development, particularly in

agrarian regions where farming is the primary source of livelihood. However, unpredictable
climatic changes, declining soil quality, and improper crop selection often lead to lower
yields and financial losses for farmers. To address these challenges, the Region-Based Crop
Suggestion System leverages data-driven technologies to provide accurate crop
recommendations tailored to the specific conditions of a farmer's region.
This system incorporates key parameters such as soil nutrients (e.g., Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Potassium), climatic conditions (e.g., temperature, humidity, rainfall), and geographical
factors (e.g., pH levels, altitude). Using machine learning algorithms, geospatial analysis, and
an extensive agricultural database, the system is able to predict the most suitable crops for a
given location. This ensures optimal yield and promotes sustainable farming practices.
The core of this model involves data preprocessing and feature transformation. The system
takes inputs like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium levels, temperature, humidity, pH, and
rainfall, processes them using feature scaling techniques (e.g., Min Max Scaler and Standard
Scaler), and predicts the most suitable crop using a pre-trained machine learning model. The
predicted crop is then matched to a predefined list, ensuring accurate and relevant crop
recommendations.
By providing farmers with actionable insights, the system helps minimize the risks of crop
failure, reduces the overuse of resources like water and fertilizers, and promotes
environmentally sustainable practices. Moreover, it encourages crop diversification, reducing
the ecological footprint of farming activities.
The proposed system not only helps farmers make informed decisions but also contributes to
food security and the economic stability of rural regions. It bridges the gap between scientific
research and practical farming, empowering farmers with tools that enhance productivity,
reduce environmental impact, and foster resilience against challenges like climate change and
resource scarcity.
This report outlines the framework of the Region-Based Crop Suggestion System, including
the collection, preprocessing, and recommendation generation processes. It also explores
potential applications in real-world agricultural settings, emphasizing the positive impact of
technology on food security and rural livelihoods.

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
Certificate ii
Declaration iii
Acknowledgement iv
Abstract v
Acronyms vi
List Of Figures ix

Chapter 1
1.Introduction 1
1.1Background 2
1.2The Need for Crop Recommendation Systems 3
1.3Challenges in Current Practices 4
1.4Scope of the Project 4

Chapter 2
2. Literature Review 5
2.1 Related Work 6
2.1.1 Soil-Based Crop Prediction 6
2.1.2 Climate-Aware Models 6
2.1.3 Deep Learning Models 6

2.2 Limitations of Existing Systems 6

Chapter 3 7
3. Methodology 8
3.1 Data Collection 8
3.1.1 Data Sources 8

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 3.1.2 Features Considered 8

3.2Data Preprocessing 9
3.3Model Development 9
3.4System Architecture 10

Chapter 4 11
4.Results and Discussion 12
4.1 Model Performance 12
4.2 Key Findings 13
4.3 Limitations 14

Chapter 5 15
5.Conclusion and Future Work 16
5.1 Conclusion 16
5.2 Future Work 17-18

Chapter 6 19
6. Appendices 20
6.1 Dataset 20-22
6.2 Dataflow Diagrams 23-24
6.3Source Code 25-26
6.4 Output 27

7.Reference 28

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 List of Figures

Figure No. Figure Title Page No.

6.1 Data Set (1) 21

6.2 Data Set (2) 22

6.2.1 Data Flow Diagram Level 0 23

6.2.2 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 23

6.2.3 Use Case Diagram 24

6.2.4 Activity Diagram 24

6.4.1 Screenshot of Home Page 27

6.4.2 Screenshot of Output With input Data 27

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