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Some Characteristics of Soft Computing

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30 views9 pages

Some Characteristics of Soft Computing

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mmp.scos
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Some Characteristics of Soft Computing

o Soft computing provides an approximate but precise solution for real-life


problems.
o The algorithms of soft computing are adaptive, so the current process is not
affected by any kind of change in the environment.
o The concept of soft computing is based on learning from experimental
data. It means that soft computing does not require any mathematical model
to solve the problem.
o Soft computing helps users to solve real-world problems by providing
approximate results that conventional and analytical models cannot solve.
o It is based on Fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, machine learning, ANN, and
expert systems.

Example
Soft computing deals with the approximation model. Yoi will understand with the
help of examples of how it deals with the approximation model.
Let's consider a problem that actually does not have any solution via traditional
computing, but soft computing gives the approximate solution.
string1 = "xyz" and string2 = "xyw"

1. Problem 1
Are string1 and string2 same?
Solution
No, the solution is simply No. It does not require any algorithm to analyze this.
Let's modify the problem a bit.
1. Problem 2
2. How much string1 and string2 are same?
3. Solution
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You have noticed that soft computing gave us the approximate solution.

Applications of soft computing


There are several applications of soft computing where it is used. Some of them are listed below:
o It is widely used in gaming products like Poker and Checker.
o In kitchen appliances, such as Microwave and Rice cooker.

o In most used home appliances - Washing Machine, Heater, Refrigerator, and AC as we

o Apart from all these usages, it is also used in Robotics work (Emotional per Robot form).

o Image processing and Data compression are also popular applications of soft computin

o Used for handwriting recognition.

As we already said that, soft computing provides the solution to real-time problems and here you
see that. Besides these applications, there are many other applications of soft computing.
Need of soft computing
Sometimes, conventional computing or analytical models does not provide a solution to some real
world
problems. In that case, we require other techniques like soft computing to obtain an approximate
solution.
o Hard computing is used for solving mathematical problems that need a precise answer. It fa
to
provide solutions for some real-life problems. There by for real-life problems whose precise
solution
does not exist, soft computing helps.
o When conventional mathematical and analytical models fail, soft computing helps, e.g.,

You can map even the human mind using soft computing.
o Analytical models can be used for solving mathematical problems and valid for ideal cases.

But the real-world problems do not have an ideal case; these exist in a non-ideal environme
o Soft computing is not only limited to theory; it also gives insights into real-life problems.

o Like all the above reasons, Soft computing helps to map the human mind, which cannot be

possible with conventional mathematical and analytical models.

Elements of soft computing


Soft computing is viewed as a foundation component for an emerging field of conceptual
intelligence.
Fuzzy Logic (FL), Machine Learning (ML), Neural Network (NN), Probabilistic Reasoning (PR), and
Evolutionary Computation (EC) are the supplements of soft computing. Also, these are techniques
used by soft computing to resolve any complex problem.
Any problems can be resolved effectively using these components.
Following are three types of techniques
used by soft computing:
o Fuzzy Logic

o Artificial Neural Network (ANN)

o Genetic Algorithms

Fuzzy Logic (FL)


Fuzzy logic is nothing but mathematical logic which tries to solve
problems with an open and imprecise
spectrum of data. It makes it easy to obtain an array of precise
conclusions.
Fuzzy logic is basically designed to achieve the best possible solution
to complex problems from
all the available information and input data. Fuzzy logics are
considered as the best solution finders.
Neural Network (ANN)
Neural networks were developed in the 1950s, which helped soft
computing to solve real-world problems,
which a computer cannot do itself. We all know that a human brain can
easily describe real-world conditions,
but a computer cannot.
An artificial neural network (ANN) emulates a network of neurons
that makes a human
brain (means a machine that can think like a human mind). Thereby
the computer or a machine can
learn things so that they can take decisions like the human brain.
Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are mutually connected with brain cells
and created using regular
computing programming. It is like as the human neural system.

Genetic Algorithms (GA)


Genetic algorithms are almost based on nature and take all inspirations
from it. There is no genetic
algorithm that is based on search-based algorithms, which find its roots
in natural selection and the
concept of genetics.
In addition, a genetic algorithm is a subset of a large branch of computation.

Soft computing vs hard computing


Hard computing uses existing mathematical algorithms to solve certain
problems. It provides a
precise and exact solution of the problem. Any numerical problem is an
example of hard computing.
On the other hand, soft computing is a different approach than hard
computing. In soft computing, we
compute solutions to the existing complex problems. The result
calculated or provided by soft computing
are also not precise. They are imprecise and fuzzy in nature.
Parameters Soft Computing Hard Computing

Computation Takes less computation time. Takes more computation time.


time

Dependency It depends on approximation It is mainly based on binary logic and


and dispositional. numerical systems.

Computation Parallel computation Sequential computation


type

Result/ Approximate result Exact and precise result


Output

Example Neural Networks, such as Any numerical problem or traditional


Madaline, Adaline, Art methods of solving using personal
Networks. computers.

A method of processing information (data) through fuzzy rules is called approximate


reasoning.
Function approximation is a critical concept in reinforcement learning (RL), enabling
algorithms to generalize from limited experience to a broader set of states and
actions.
Function approximation is a technique for estimating an unknown underlying
function using historical or available observations from the domain. Artificial neural
networks learn to approximate a function.

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