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Binary Number System

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Poulomi Biswas
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15 views5 pages

Binary Number System

Uploaded by

Poulomi Biswas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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As a computer programmer or an IT professional, you should understand the following

number systems which are frequently used in computers.

S.N. Number System & Description

1 Binary Number System

Base 2. Digits used: 0, 1

2 Octal Number System

Base 8. Digits used: 0 to 7

3 Hexa Decimal Number System

Base 16. Digits used: 0 to 9, Letters used: A- F

Binary Number System


Characteristics
 Uses two digits, 0 and 1.
 Also called base 2 number system
 Each position in a binary number represents a 0 power of the base (2). Example:
20

 Last position in a binary number represents an x power of the base (2). Example:
2 where x represents the last position - 1.
x

Example
Binary Number: 10101 2

Calculating Decimal Equivalent −

Step Binary Number Decimal Number

Step 10101 2 ((1 × 2 ) + (0 × 2 ) + (1 × 2 ) + (0 × 2 ) + (1 × 2 ))


4 3 2 1 0
10

Step 10101 2 (16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1) 10

Step 10101 2 21 10

Note: 10101 is normally written as 10101.


2
Octal Number System
Characteristics
 Uses eight digits, 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7.
 Also called base 8 number system
 Each position in an octal number represents a 0 power of the base (8). Example:
80

 Last position in an octal number represents an x power of the base (8). Example:
8 where x represents the last position - 1.
x

Example
Octal Number − 12570 8

Calculating Decimal Equivalent −

Step Octal Number Decimal Number

Step 12570 8 ((1 × 8 ) + (2 × 8 ) + (5 × 8 ) + (7 × 8 ) + (0 × 8 ))


4 3 2 1 0
10

Step 12570 8 (4096 + 1024 + 320 + 56 + 0) 10

Step 12570 8 5496 10

Note: 12570 is normally written as 12570.


8

Hexadecimal Number System


Characteristics
 Uses 10 digits and 6 letters, 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F.
 Letters represents numbers starting from 10. A = 10, B = 11, C = 12, D = 13, E =
14, F = 15.
 Also called base 16 number system.
 Each position in a hexadecimal number represents a 0 power of the base (16).
Example 16 . 0

 Last position in a hexadecimal number represents an x power of the base (16).


Example 16 where x represents the last position - 1.
x

Example −
Hexadecimal Number: 19FDE 16

Calculating Decimal Equivalent −


Step Hexadecimal Number Decimal Number

Step 19FDE 16 ((1 × 16 ) + (9 × 16 ) + (F × 16 ) + (D × 16 ) + (E × 16 ))


4 3 2 1 0
10

Step 19FDE 16 ((1 × 16 ) + (9 × 16 ) + (15 × 16 ) + (13 × 16 ) + (14 × 16 ))


4 3 2 1 0
10

Step 19FDE 16 (65536 + 36864 + 3840 + 208 + 14) 10

Step 19FDE 16 106462 10

There are many methods or techniques which can be used to convert numbers from one base to
another. We'll demonstrate here the following −

 Decimal to Other Base System


 Other Base System to Decimal
 Other Base System to Non-Decimal
 Shortcut method − Binary to Octal
 Shortcut method − Octal to Binary
 Shortcut method − Binary to Hexadecimal
 Shortcut method − Hexadecimal to Binary

Decimal to Other Base System


Steps

 Step 1 − Divide the decimal number to be converted by the value of the new base.
 Step 2 − Get the remainder from Step 1 as the rightmost digit (least significant digit) of
new base number.
 Step 3 − Divide the quotient of the previous divide by the new base.
 Step 4 − Record the remainder from Step 3 as the next digit (to the left) of the new base
number.

Repeat Steps 3 and 4, getting remainders from right to left, until the quotient becomes zero in
Step 3.

The last remainder thus obtained will be the Most Significant Digit (MSD) of the new base
number.

Example −

Decimal Number: 2910


Calculating Binary Equivalent −

Step Operation Result Remainder

Step 1 29 / 2 14 1

Step 2 14 / 2 7 0

Step 3 7/2 3 1

Step 4 3/2 1 1

Step 5 1/2 0 1

As mentioned in Steps 2 and 4, the remainders have to be arranged in the reverse order so that
the first remainder becomes the Least Significant Digit (LSD) and the last remainder becomes
the Most Significant Digit (MSD).

Decimal Number − 2910 = Binary Number − 111012.

Other Base System to Decimal System


Steps

 Step 1 − Determine the column (positional) value of each digit (this depends on the
position of the digit and the base of the number system).
 Step 2 − Multiply the obtained column values (in Step 1) by the digits in the
corresponding columns.
 Step 3 − Sum the products calculated in Step 2. The total is the equivalent value in
decimal.

Example

Binary Number − 111012

Calculating Decimal Equivalent −

Step Binary Number Decimal Number

Step 1 111012 ((1 × 24) + (1 × 23) + (1 × 22) + (0 × 21) + (1 × 20))10

Step 2 111012 (16 + 8 + 4 + 0 + 1)10

Step 3 111012 2910

Binary Number − 111012 = Decimal Number − 2910


Other Base System to Non-Decimal System
Steps

 Step 1 − Convert the original number to a decimal number (base 10).


 Step 2 − Convert the decimal number so obtained to the new base number.

Example

Octal Number − 258

Calculating Binary Equivalent −

Step 1 − Convert to Decimal


Step Octal Number Decimal Number

Step 1 258 ((2 × 81) + (5 × 80))10

Step 2 258 (16 + 5 )10

Step 3 258 2110

Octal Number − 258 = Decimal Number − 2110

Step 2 − Convert Decimal to Binary


Step Operation Result Remainder

Step 1 21 / 2 10 1

Step 2 10 / 2 5 0

Step 3 5/2 2 1

Step 4 2/2 1 0

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