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+ Runlevel Commands
init 0 - Shutdown the system.
shutdown -h now - Power off the system. init 1 - Switch to single-user mode (safe mode for recovery). init 3 - Switch to multi-user mode with networking (no GUI). init 5 - Switch to graphical multi-user mode (desktop environment). init 6 - Reboot the system. runlevel - Check the current and previous run levels.
+ Systemctl Commands for Runlevel Management
systemctl get-default - Check the current default target.
systemctl set-default multi-user.target - Set default to runlevel 3 (multi-user, no GUI). systemctl set-default graphical.target - Set default to runlevel 5 (multi-user with GUI). systemctl isolate [target] - Change the current target immediately. systemctl default - Switch to the default target.
+TTY (Terminal) Shortcuts
tty is short for teletype, but it's more popularly known as terminal.
Ctrl+Alt+F1 - Switch to the graphical desktop environment.
Ctrl+Alt+F2 to Ctrl+Alt+F6 - Open TTY terminals 2 to 6.