Written as per the latest textbook prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook

Production and Curriculum Research, Pune.

PRECISE

PHYSICS
Std. XI Sci.

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Salient Features

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 Written as per the latest textbook
 Subtopic-wise segregation for powerful concept building
 Complete coverage of Textual Exercise Questions, Intext Questions, Activities and Textual
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Examples
 ‘Solved Examples’ provided to cover numerical aspect of the topic in detail.
 Each chapter contains:
- ‘Quick Review’ and ‘Important Formulae’ for last-minute revision of concepts
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- ‘Reading Between the Lines’ creates a solid foundation through hands-on, discovery-
based learning.
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 Selected questions from NCERT textbook for practice

 Q.R. codes provide:
- The Video links boosting conceptual retention
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Printed at: India Printing Works, Mumbai

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No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, C.D. ROM/Audio Video Cassettes or electronic, mechanical
including photocopying; recording or by any information storage and retrieval system without permission in writing from the Publisher.

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PREFACE

“Everything should be made as simple as possible, but not simpler.” - Albert Einstein.

With this vision in mind, we have created “Precise Physics: Std. XI” as per the new textbook of Maharashtra
State board. It is a compact yet comprehensive guide designed to boost students' confidence and prepare them
for the crucial Std. XI final exam. Each chapter is divided into subtopics and contains every important concept
in a question and answer format, including all Textual Exercise and Intext questions. Key sections such as 'Can
you tell' and 'Can you recall', which are important from an exam standpoint, are appropriately integrated with
additional questions to match the flow of each subtopic. Numericals along with their step-wise solutions using
log calculations (wherever necessary) are covered under the heading of ‘Solved Examples’ at the end of each

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subtopic. Each question is assigned marks to help students gauge its importance and weightage.

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Important Formulae and Quick Review are provided after the last subtopic of each chapter. The 'Exercise'
and 'Multiple Choice Question' sections are added at the end of each chapter. Notes are included to cover
additional relevant information on each topic as needed.

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While ensuring concise coverage of the syllabus in an effortless and easy to grasp format, emphasis is also given
on active learning. To achieve this, we have infused QR Codes.
Precise Physics: Std. XI, adheres to our vision and achieves several goals: concept-building, developing
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competence to solve numericals and self-study —all while encouraging students toward cognitive thinking.
The flow chart on the adjacent page will walk you through the key features of the book and elucidate how they
have been carefully designed to maximize the student learning.

We hope the book benefits the learner as we have envisioned.

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Publisher
Edition: Fifth
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The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think we’ve
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nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you.
Please write to us on: [email protected]
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Disclaimer

This reference book is transformative work based on latest Textbook of Std. XI Physics published by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook
Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. We the publishers are making this reference book which constitutes as fair use of textual contents which
are transformed by adding and elaborating, with a view to simplify the same to enable the students to understand, memorize and reproduce the same in
examinations.
This work is purely inspired upon the course work as prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune.
Every care has been taken in the publication of this reference book by the Authors while creating the contents. The Authors and the Publishers shall not be
responsible for any loss or damages caused to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in or disagreement of any third party on
the point of view expressed in the reference book.
© reserved with the Publisher for all the contents created by our Authors.
No copyright is claimed in the textual contents which are presented as part of fair dealing with a view to provide best supplementary study material for
the benefit of students.
 KEY FEATURES

Reading Reading between the lines provides

between elaboration or missing fragments of
the lines concept essential for complete
understanding of the concept.

QR code provides:
Access to a video in order to boost QR Codes
understanding of a concept or activity

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Solved Examples offer complete
Solved solution to numerical including log (as
Examples seemed required).

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Important
Important Formulae includes all of the
key formulae in the chapter. Formulae
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Quick Quick review includes tables/ flow
Review chart to summarize the key points in
chapter.
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Exercise includes subtopic-wise Exercise

additional questions and problems.
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Multiple
Multiple Choice Questions include
Choice
textual as well as additional MCQs.
Questions
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 CONTENTS
Chapter Marks with
Chapter Name Marks Page No.
No. option
1 Units and Measurements 5 7 1

2 Mathematical Methods 5 7 22

3 Motion in a Plane 6 8 45

4 Laws of Motion 7 10 69

5 Gravitation 5 7 111

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6 Mechanical Properties of Solids 4 6 139

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7 Thermal Properties of Matter 5 7 159

8 Sound 5 7 194

9 Optics 7 10 216

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10 Electrostatics 5 7 253

11 Electric Current Through Conductors 4 6 274

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12 Magnetism 4 6 296

13 Electromagnetic Waves and Communication System 4 5 308

14 Semiconductors 4 5 325
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[Reference: Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Pune - 04]
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Note: 1. * mark represents Textual question.

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2. # mark represents Intext question.

3. + mark represents Textual examples.
4.  symbol represents textual questions that need external reference for an answer.
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 1 Units and Measurements

Contents and Concepts

1.1 Introduction 1.6 Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis

1.2 System of Units 1.7 Accuracy, Precision and Uncertainty in
1.3 Measurement of Length Measurements

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1.4 Measurement of Mass 1.8 Errors in Measurements
1.5 Measurement of Time

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1.9 Significant Figures

1.1 Introduction 1.2 System of Units

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Q.1. What is a measurement? How is measured Q.3. Describe briefly different types of systems
quantity expressed? [2 Marks] of units. [2 Marks]
Ans: Ans: System of units are classified mainly into four
types:
i. A measurement is a comparison with
i. C.G.S. system:
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internationally accepted standard measuring unit.
It stands for Centimetre-Gram-Second system. In
ii. The measured quantity (M) is expressed in this system, length, mass and time are measured
terms of a number (n) followed by a in centimetre, gram and second respectively.
corresponding unit (u) i.e., M = nu. ii. M.K.S. system:
Example: It stands for Metre-Kilogram-Second system.
Length of a wire when expressed as 2 m, it means In this system, length, mass and time are
value of length is 2 in the unit of m (metre). measured in metre, kilogram and second
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iii. Different quantities are measured in different respectively.

units. iii. F.P.S. system:
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It stands for Foot-Pound-Second system. In this

Q.2. Can you recall? (Textbook page no. 1) system, length, mass and time are measured in
i. What is a unit? [1 Mark] foot, pound and second respectively.
ii. Which units have you used in the iv. S.I. system:
m

laboratory for measuring [2 Marks] It stands for System International. This system
a. length b. mass has replaced all other systems mentioned
c. time d. temperature? above. It has been internationally accepted and
iii. Which system of units have you used? is being used all over world. As the SI units
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[1 Mark] use decimal system, conversion within the

Ans: system is very simple and convenient.
i. The standard measure of any quantity is called Q.4. What are fundamental quantities?
the unit of that quantity. State two examples of fundamental quantities.
ii. Write their S.I. and C.G.S. units. [2 Marks]
Ans: Fundamental quantities:
Physical The physical quantities which do not depend
Length Mass Time Temperature
quantity on any other physical quantity for their
Units millimetre, gram, seconds Degree measurements i.e., they can be directly
centimetre, kilogram minutes celsius
measured are called fundamental quantities.
Examples: mass, length etc.
metre degree
Fundamental
fahrenheit S.I. unit C.G.S. unit
quantities
iii. I have used MKS or SI system mostly. At Mass kilogram (kg) gram (g)
times, I have even CGS system is used. Length metre (m) Centimetre (cm)
1
 

Std. XI Sci.: Precise Physics

Q.5. What are fundamental units? State the S.I.  solid angle subtended by entire sphere at
units of seven fundamental quantities. 4πr 2
[3 Marks] its centre is  = = 4 sr
r2
Ans: Fundamental units:
The units used to measure fundamental Q.7. Derive the relation between radian and
quantities are called fundamental units. degree. Also find out 1 and 1 in terms of
S.I. Units of fundamental quantities: their respective values in radian. [2 Marks]
Fundamental SI Units (Take  = 3.1416)
quantity Name Symbol Ans: We know that,
Length metre m 2 c = 360
Mass kilogram kg  c = 180
Time second s 180 180
Electric current ampere A  1c = = = 57.296
π 3.1416

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Temperature kelvin K π 3.1416
Amount of substance mole mol Similarly, 1 = =

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180 180
Luminous intensity candela cd
= 1.745  102 rad
Q.6. State and describe the two supplementary As, 1 = 60
units. [2 Marks]
1.745  102
Ans: The two supplementary units are:  1 = = 2.908  104 rad.
60

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i. Plane angle (d):
a. The ratio of length of arc (ds) of an As, 1 = 60
circle to the radius (r) of the circle is 2.908  104
 1 =  4.847  106 rad.
called as Plane angle (d) 60
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ds
i.e., d = Students can scan the adjacent Q. R.
r
r Code in Quill - The Padhai App to get
d ds conceptual clarity about degree and
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radian with the aid of a linked video.
b. Thus, d is angle subtended by the arc
at the centre of the circle. Q.8. What are derived quantities and derived
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c. Unit: radian (rad) units? State few examples. State the

d. Denoted as c corresponding S.I. and C.G.S. units of the
e. Length of arc of circle = Circumference examples. [3 Marks]
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of circle = 2r. Ans:

 plane angle subtended by entire circle at i. Derived quantities:
2πr Physical quantities other than fundamental
its centre is  = = 2c
m

r quantities which depend on one or more

ii. Solid angle (d): fundamental quantities for their measurements
a. solid angle is 3-dimensional analogue of are called derived quantities.
ii. Derived units:
plane angle.
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The units of derived quantities which are

b. Solid angle is defined as area of a
expressed in terms of fundamental units for
portion of surface of a sphere to the their measurements are called derived units.
square of radius of the sphere. iii. Examples and units:
dA
i.e., d = Derived S.I. C.G.S.
r2 Formula
quantity unit unit
r Velocity Unit of displacement m/s cm/s
d Unit of time
O dA

Acceleration Unit of velocity m/s2 cm/s2

Unit of time
c. Unit: Steradian (sr)
Momentum Unit of mass kg m/s g cm/s
d. Denoted as ()
 Unit of velocity
e. Surface area of sphere = 4r2
22
 

Chapter 1: Units and Measurements

Q.9. List the conventions followed while using SI Calculation:
units. [4 Marks] From formula,
Ans: Following conventions should be followed π R2
while writing S.I. units of physical quantities: d = ….( cross-sectional area of disc
r2
i. Unit of every physical quantity should be
of moon = R2)
represented by its symbol.
  1.737  106 
2
ii. Full name of a unit always starts with smaller
letter even if it is named after a person, d =
eg.: 1 newton, 1 joule, etc. But symbol for unit
 3.84  10  8 2

named after a person should be in capital 3.412  1.737   1012

2

letter, eg.: N after scientist Newton, J after =

 3.84 
2
 1016
scientist Joule, etc.
iii. Symbols for units do not take plural form. = antilog{log(3.142) + 2log(1.737)
iv. Symbols for units do not contain any full stops  2log(3.84)}  104

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at the end of recommended letter. = antilog{0.4972 + 2(0.2397)

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v. The units of physical quantities in numerator  2(0.5843)}  104
and denominator should be written as one
= antilog{0.4972 + 0.4794  1.1686}  104
ratio. For example the SI unit of acceleration
is m/s2 or m s–2 but not m/s/s. = antilog{ 1 .8080}  104
vi. Use of combination of units and symbols for = 6.428  101  104
units is avoided when physical quantity is = 6.43  10–5 sr

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expressed by combination of two. For Ans: Solid angle subtended by moon at Earth is
example, The unit J/kg K is correct while 6.43  10–5 sr.
joule/kg K is not correct.
vii. A prefix symbol is used before the symbol of Q.11. Pluto has mean diameter of 2,300 km and
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the unit. very eccentric orbit (oval shaped) around
a. Prefix symbol and symbol of unit the Sun, with a perihelion (nearest) distance
constitute a new symbol for the unit of 4.4  109 km and an aphelion (farthest)
which can be raised to a positive or distance of 7.3  109 km. What are the
negative power of 10. respective solid angles subtended by Pluto
For example, from Earth’s perspective?
1 ms = 1 millisecond = 10–3 s Assume that Earth’s distance from the Sun
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1 μs = 1 microsecond = 10–6 s can be neglected. [3 Marks]

1 ns = 1 nanosecond = 10–9 s Solution:
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b. Use of double prefixes is avoided when

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single prefix is available Given: Radius of Pluto, R = km
10–6 s = 1 μs and not 1 mms 2
10–9 s = 1 ns and not 1 mμs = 1150 km
Perihelion distance rp = 4.4  109 km
m

viii. Space or hyphen must be introduced while

indicating multiplication of two units e.g., m/s Aphelion distance ra = 7.3  109 km
should be written as m s–1 or m-s–1. To find: Solid angles (dp and da)
Solved Examples dA R 2
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Formula: d = =
r2 r2
+Q.10. What is the solid angle subtended by the Calculation:
moon at any point of the Earth, given the
From formula,
diameter of the moon is 3474 km and its
 1150  3.142  1150 
2 2
distance from the Earth 3.84 × 108 m?  dp = =
(Example 1.1 of Textbook page no. 2)  4.4  10 
9 2
 4.4  10 
9 2

[3 Marks]
Solution: = 2.146  10–13 sr
Given: Diameter (D) = 3474 km 3.142  1150 
2

 Radius of moon (R) = 1737 km and da =

= 1.737  106 m
 7.3  10  9 2

Distance from Earth r = 3.84  108 m = 7.798  10–14 sr

To find: Solid angle (d) Ans: Solid angle at perihelion distance is
dA 2.146  10–13 sr and at aphelion distance is
Formula: d =
r2 7.798  10–14 sr.
3
 

Std. XI Sci.: Precise Physics

1.3 Measurement of Length iv. E1 and E2 are separated by S

distance ‘b’ as shown in
Q.12. Define a metre. [1 Mark] figure. 
Ans: The metre is the length of the path travelled by  E1E2 = b
light in vacuum during a time interval of v. The angle between the two
1/299,792,458 of a second. directions along which the D D
Q.13. What is parallax? [2 Marks] planet is viewed, can be
Ans: measured. It is parallax
i. Parallax is defined as the apparent change in E1 E2
angle, which in this case is b
position of an object due to a change in
position of an observer.  E1SE2 =  Earth
ii. Explanation: When a pencil is held in front of vi. The planet is far away from the (Earth)
our eyes and we look at it once with our left eye observers, hence
closed and then with our right eye closed, bD

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pencil appears to move against the background. b
   1 and ‘’ is also very small.

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This effect is called parallax effect. D
Q.14. What is parallax angle? [2 Marks] Hence, E1 E2 can be considered as arc of length b
Ans: S of circle with S as centre and D as radius.
i. Angle between the two directions  E1S = E2S = D
along which a star or planet is b
viewed at the two points of   = ….( is taken in radian)

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D
observation is called parallax
b
angle (parallactic angle).  D=
ii. It is given by, θ
D D
b Thus, the distance ‘D’ of a far away planet ‘S’
=
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can be determined using the parallax method.
D
where, b Q.17. Explain how parallax method is used to measure
b = Separation between two points of distance of a star from Earth. [2 Marks]
observation, Ans:
D = Distance of source from any point of i. The parallax measured from two farthest
observation. distance points on Earth for stars will be too
*Q.15.Star A is farther than star B. Which star small and hence cannot be measured.
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will have a large parallax angle? [2 Marks] ii. Instead, parallax between two farthest points
Ans: A (i.e., 2 AU apart) along the orbit of Earth
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i. Parallax angle is given around the Sun (s) is measured.

b A Star
by,  =
D B DA
ii. Here, ‘b’ is constant for
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the two stars. B

1
  DB
D
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iii. As star A is farther i.e.,

b A B
DA > DB  A < B. 1 AU S 1 AU
Hence, star B will have larger parallax angle
than star A. Orbit of Earth around Sun
Q.16. Explain the method to determine the Q.18. Explain how size of a planet or star is
distance of a planet from the Earth. measured. [2 Marks]
[3 Marks]
Ans:
Ans:
i. To determine the diameter (d) of a planet or
i. Parallax method is used to determine distance
of different planets from the Earth. star, two diametrically opposite points of the
ii. To measure the distance ‘D’ of a far distant planet are viewed from the same observatory.
planet S, select two different observatories ii. If d is diameter of planet or star, angle
(E1 and E2). subtended by it at any single point on the
iii. The planet should be visible from E1 and E2 Earth is called angular diameter of planet.
observatories simultaneously i.e. at the same iii. Let angle  be angle between these two
time. directions as shown in the figure below.

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To see complete chapter buy Target Notes or Target E‐Notes
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 

Std. XI Sci.: Precise Physics

Q.34. Explain the use of dimensional analysis to Solved Examples
check the correctness of a physical equation.
[2 Marks] Q.36. If length ‘L’, force ‘F’ and time ‘T’ are
Ans: Correctness of a physical equation by taken as fundamental quantities, what
dimensional analysis: would be the dimensional equation of mass
i. A physical equation is correct only if the and density? [2 Marks]
dimensions of all the terms on both sides of Solution:
that equations are the same. i. Force = Mass  Acceleration
ii. For example, consider the equation of motion.
Force
v = u + at .…(1)  Mass =
iii. Writing the dimensional formula of every Acceleration
term, we get  Dimensional equation of mass
Dimensions of L.H.S. [v] = [L1 M0 T1], Dimensions of force F1 
Dimensions of R.H.S. = [u] + [at]  1 2
Dimensions of acceleration LT 

t
= [L1 M0 T1] + [L1 M0 T2] [L0 M0 T1]
= [L1M0T–1] + [L1M0T–1] = [F1L1T2]

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 [L.H.S.] = [R.H.S.] Mass
ii. Density =
iv. As dimensions of both side of equation are same, Volume
physical equation is dimensionally correct. Dimensional equation of density
 F1L1T 2 
Q.35. State the limitations of dimensional =  3 
Dimensions of mass
=

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analysis. [2 Marks] Dimensions of volume  L 
Ans: Limitations of dimensional analysis:
i. The value of dimensionless constant can be = [F1L4T2]
obtained with the help of experiments only. Ans: i. The dimensional equation of mass is
ii. Dimensional analysis cannot be used to derive [F1L1T2].
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relations involving trigonometric (sin , cos , ii. The dimensional equation of density is
etc.), exponential (ex, e x , etc.), and
2 [F1L4T2].
logarithmic functions (log x, log x3, etc) as
these quantities are dimensionless.
*Q.37.An electron with charge e enters a uniform
 
iii. This method is not useful if constant of magnetic field B with a velocity v . The
proportionality is not a dimensionless quantity. velocity is perpendicular to the magnetic
e

iv. If the correct equation contains some more field. The force on the charge e is given by
terms of the same dimension, it is not possible  

to know about their presence using | F | = B e v. Obtain the dimensions of B .

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dimensional equation. [2 Marks]


Solution: Given: | F | = B e v
Reading between the lines Considering only magnitude, given
equation is simplified to,
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Explanation for point (iii): F=Bev

Gravitational force between two point masses F
is directly proportional to product of the two  B=
ev
masses and inversely proportional to square
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of the distance between the two distance

but, F = ma = m 
m1m 2 time2
i.e., F
[F] = [M1]   L2  = [L1M1T2]
1
r2 
mm T  
 F = G 1 2 2
r Electric charge, e = current  time
The constant of proportionality 'G' is NOT  [e] = [I1T1]
dimensionless. Thus, method of dimensional distance
analysis will not work. Velocity v =
time
Explanation for point (iv):
[v] =   = [L1T–1]
L

1  
T
With standard symbols, the equation s = at 2
2  L1M1T 2 
is dimensionally correct. However, the Now, [B] =  F  =
1  ev  T1I1   LT
1 1

complete equation is, s = ut + at 2
2  [B] = [L0M1T2 I–1]

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 

Std. XI Sci.: Precise Physics

Quick Review

Fundamental quantities
 Length  Mass  Time
FPS
 Current  Temperature
Derived  Amount of substance  Luminous intensity
CGS

measured give rise to System of MKS

Physical Quantities Units units
using
SI
possess Derived Fundamental  metre (Length)

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Dimensions  kilogram (Mass)
Significant figures &
 second (Time)

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lead to order of magnitude
 ampere (Current)
Dimensional Should be done  kelvin (Temperature)
need
analysis considering  mole (Amount of substance)
Measurement Accuracy, Precision, Knowledge  candela (Luminous intensity)
of quantities require of uncertainty in measurement

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ideally should Instrumental
be devoid of
Systematic Personal error
types
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Errors Errors due to imperfection
in experimental
estimated as Random

Absolute error Mean absolute error Relative error Percentage error Combination
an = a mean  a n a  a 2  ........  a n a mean a mean of errors
 a mean = 1 × 100%
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n a mean a mean
n
1
=  a i
n i 1
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7. Diameter of planet/star: d =  D.
Important Formulae
m

8. Average value or mean value:

a1  a 2  a 3  ..  a n 1 n
1. Measure of physical quantity: amean =
n
=
n
 ai
M = nu i 1

where, n = numerical value, u = unit

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9. Absolute error:
2. Relation between numerical value and size = Average value  Measured value
of unit: n1u1 = n2u2 | an | = | amean  an |
3. Conversion factor of a unit in two system of 10. Mean absolute error:
a
M  L  T 
b c
a1  a 2  ...  a n 1 n

units: n =  1   1   1  amean =
n
=
n
 a i
 M 2   L 2   T2 
i 1

a mean
ds 11. Relative (fractional) error: =
4. Plane angle: d = a mean
r
dA a mean
5. Solid angle: d = 12. Percentage error: =  100 %
r2 a mean

b 13. If Z = A  B, then maximum error:

6. Parallax angle:  =
D Z =  (A + B)
18
 

Chapter 1: Units and Measurements

A 10. State the conversion factor between S.I. and
14. If Z = AB or Z = then, CGS units of force using dimensional analysis.
B
[1 Mark]
ΔZ  ΔA ΔB 
=±  +  Ans: Conversion factor = 105 i.e., 1 N = 105 dyne.
Z  A B 
15. If Z = Am  Bn, then error in measurement: 11. Find the dimensional correctness of
kinematical equations: [2 Marks]
Z mA nB
= + v = u + at
Z A B Ans: Refer Q.34.
Various prefixes to express a physical
12. The value of G in C.G.S system is
quantity:
6.67  108 dyne cm2 g2. Calculate its value
Power of Power in S.I. system. [2 Marks]
Prefix Symbol Prefix Symbol 11
10 of 10 2
Ans: 6.67 × 10 N m /kg 2

106

t
12
Tera T 10 micro 
1.7 Accuracy, Precision and Uncertainty in
Giga G 109 nano n 109

en
Measurements
Mega M 106 angstrom Å 1010
Kilo k 103 pico p 1012 13. What are the reasons that may introduce
possible uncertainties in an observation?
milli m 103 femto f 1015
[2 Marks]
Ans: Refer Q.46.

nt
Exercise
1.8 Errors in Measurements
1.1 Introduction
14. Explain:
1. Define unit of physical quantity. [1 Mark]
i. absolute error ii. relative error
Co
Ans: Refer Q.2. (i).
iii. percentage error [1 Mark Each]
1.2 System of Units Ans: Refer Q. 54 (ii), (iv), (v).
2. Describe F.P.S and M.K.S. system. [1 Mark] 15. Error in the measurement of radius of a sphere
Ans: Refer Q.3.(iii) and (ii) is 1%. Then error in the measurement of
3. Describe C.G.S and SI system. [1 Mark] volume will be? [1 Mark]
Ans: 3%
e

Ans: Refer Q.3.(i) and (iv).

4. Compare plane angle and solid angle. 16. The length of a rod as measured in an
[2 Marks] experiment was found to be 2.48 m, 2.46 m,
pl

Ans: Refer Q.6. 2.49 m, 2.50 m and 2.48 m. Find the mean
absolute error, relative error and percentage error.
1.3 Measurement of Length [3 Marks]
Ans: i. 0.01 m ii. 0.004 m
m

5. Explain the method to determine the distance of

a planet from the Earth. [3 Marks] iii. 0.4%
Ans: Refer Q.16. 17. The length of a metal plate was measured
1.4 Measurement of Mass using Vernier callipers of least count
Sa

0.01 cm. The measurement made were

6. What is atomic mass unit (amu)? [1 Mark] 4.11 cm,4.13 cm, 4.21 cm and 4.09 cm. Find
Ans: Refer Q.26. the mean length, the mean absolute error,
1.5 Measurement of time relative error and the percentage error in the
measurement of length. [3 Marks]
7. Why was solar day rejected as a unit of time? Ans: i. 4.135 cm ii. 0.0375 cm
[2 Marks]
iii. 9.068  10–3 iv. 0.906%
Ans: Refer Q.28.
1.9 Significant figures
1.6 Dimensions and Dimensional Analysis
18. Define significant figures. [1 Mark]
8. What are the dimensions of power? [1 Mark]
Ans: Refer Q.72. (only definition)
Ans: [L2M1T3]
9. What are the dimensions of frequency? 19. What are the rules for determining significant
[1 Mark] figures? [2 Marks]
Ans: [L0M0T1] Ans: Refer Q.72. (only rules)

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 

Std. XI Sci.: Precise Physics

20. What is order of magnitude? Explain with two *4. Which of the following is not a fundamental
examples. [2 Marks] unit?
Ans: Refer Q.75. (A) cm (B) kg
21. Add 3.8  106 and 4.2  105 with due (C) centigrade (D) volt
regards to significant figures. [1 Mark] 5. The distance of the planet from the earth is
Ans: 4.6 × 105 measured by _______.
(A) direct method
22. Two different masses are determined as
(B) directly by metre scale
(23.7  0.5) g and (17.6  0.3) g. What is the (C) spherometer method
sum of their masses? [1 Mark] (D) parallax method
Ans: 41.3 ± 0.8 g
6. The two stars S1 and S2 are located at
23. The length, breadth and thickness of a distances d1 and d2 respectively. Also if d1  d2
rectangular sheet of metal are 4.658 m, then following statement is true.

t
1.356 m and 2.04 cm respectively. Give the (A) The parallax of S1 and S2 are same.

en
area and volume of the sheet to correct (B) The parallax of S1 is twice as that of S2
significant figures. [3 Marks] (C) The parallax of S1 is greater than
Ans: i. 12.88 m2 ii. 0.1288 m3 parallax of S2
24. The acceleration due to gravity at a place is (D) The parallax of S2 is greater than
parallax of S1
9.8 ms2. Find its value in km h2 and its order

nt
of magnitude for that value. [2 Marks] 7. Which of the following is NOT a unit of time?
Ans: i. 127008 km/h2 ii. 5 (A) Hour (B) Nano second
(C) Microsecond (D) parsec
25. Find the order of magnitude of following data.
i. Height of a tower 4325 m *8. Light year is a unit of
Co
ii. Weight of a car 789 kg (A) time (B) mass
iii. Charge on electron 1.6  1019 C (C) distance (D) luminosity
[3 Marks] 9. An atomic clock makes use of _______.
Ans: i. 3 ii. 3 iii. 19 (A) cesium-133 atom
26. What will be the kinetic energy of body if its (B) cesium-132 atom
mass is 2 kg and moving with a velocity of (C) cesium-123 atom
e

2 m/s? Write its order of magnitude and (D) cesium-131 atom

significant figures. [2 Marks] 10. S.I. unit of energy is joule and it is equivalent to
(A) 106 erg (B) 107 erg
pl

Ans: i. 4J ii. 0 iii. 1

7
(C) 10 erg (D) 105 erg
Multiple Choice Questions 11. [L1M1T1] is an expression for _______.
(A) force (B) energy
m

[1 Mark Each] (C) pressure (D) momentum

1. A physical quantity may be defined as 12. Dimensions of sin  is

(A) the one having dimension. (A) [L2] (B) [M]
Sa

(B) that which is immeasurable. (C) [ML] (D) [M0L0T0]

(C) that which has weight.
(D) that which has mass.
*13. [L1M1T–2] is the dimensional formula for
(A) velocity (B) acceleration
2. Which of the following is the fundamental unit? (C) force (D) work
(A) Length, force, time
(B) Length, mass, time *14 Dimensions of kinetic energy are the same as
(C) Mass, volume, height that of
(D) Mass, velocity, pressure (A) force (B) acceleration
(C) work (D) pressure
3. Which of the following is NOT a fundamental
quantity? 15. Accuracy of measurement is determined by
(A) Temperature (A) absolute error
(B) Electric charge (B) percentage error
(C) Mass (C) human error
(D) Electric current (D) personal error

20
 

Chapter 1: Units and Measurements

16. Zero error of an instrument introduces _______.
(A) systematic error
(B) random error
(C) personal error
(D) decimal error
17. The diameter of the paper pin is measured
accurately by using _______.
(A) Vernier callipers
(B) micrometer screw gauge
(C) metre scale
(D) a measuring tape

*18. The error in the measurement of the sides of a

t
rectangle is 1%. The error in the measurement
of its area is

en
(A) 1%
(B) 1/2%
(C) 2%
(D) None of the above.
19. The number of significant figures in

nt
11.118  106 is
(A) 3 (B) 4
(C) 5 (D) 6
20. 0.00849 contains ______ significant figures.
Co
(A) 6 (B) 5
(C) 3 (D) 2
21. 3.310  102 has ______ significant figures.
(A) 6 (B) 4
(C) 2 (D) 1
e

22. The Earth’s radius is 6371 km. The order of

magnitude of the Earth’s radius is
(A) 103 m (B) 109 m
pl

7
(C) 10 m (D) 102 m
23. ________ is the smallest measurement that
can be made using the given instrument
m

(A) Significant number

(B) Least count
(C) Order of magnitude
(D) Relative error
Sa

Answers to Multiple Choice Questions

1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (D)

5. (D) 6. (D) 7. (D) 8. (C)
9. (A) 10. (C) 11. (D) 12. (D)
13. (C) 14. (C) 15. (B) 16. (A)
17. (B) 18. (C) 19. (C) 20. (C)
21. (B) 22. (C) 23. (B)

Hints to Multiple Choice Questions

18. A=lb
ΔA Δl Δb
 = + = 1% + 1% = 2%
A l b

21