FLUID MECHNICS

1. Two immiscible liquids are filled in a conical flask as shown in figure. The areas of cross sections
are shown, a hole of area ‘a’ is made in lower end of cone. The speed of liquid flow from hole is
 n  gh 
then n is
17 a 2
1
32 A2

2. A narrow horizontal tube AB of length 1m open at A and closed at B is filled with an ideal liquid. The
end B has a small orifice. The tube is set in rotation in horizontal plane with angular velocity
  10 rad / sec about a vertical axis passing through end A. The speed of ejecting liquid with respect
to the tube is V m/s and the length of the liquid column is l  0.4 m at some instant. Then the value of
V at the given instant of time is (in ms 1 )

3. Water is flowing in a stream at a speed v  5ms 1 . A bent tube is lowered into the stream shown. The
upper end of the tube is held at a height h0  1m above the surface of water and has a small orifice T0 what
height h above the upper end of the tube will the water jet spurt? (Assume the flow remains stream line and
g  10ms 2 )

1) 0.25 m 2) 0.5 m 3) 0.75 m 4) 1 m

1
4. Water is flowing in a stream at speed v  2ms . Two tubes A and B are inserted into the stream as shown. If the

flow is stream lined find the difference in heights of the liquid column in the two tubes.
 g  10ms 2

5. An ideal fluid flows along a bent tube uniform cross-section located in horizontal plane as shown in figure. The
P1 , P2 V1 ,V2
flow is steady 1 and 2 are two points in the tube. If are pressure and are velocity of the fluid at points 1
and 2 respectively
 PP PP V1  V2
1) 1 2 2) 1 2 3)
4) Total energy per unit volume at point 1 is less then at point 2

6. Water is flowing through a horizontal pipe of variable cross-section. The rate of volume flow is 0.2 lit sec . The
4 2
pressure is 30,000 Pa. at a point where the area of cross-section is 5 10 m is

1) 6000 Pa 2) 36000 Pa 3) 24000 Pa 4) 30000 Pa

7. A vessel of large uniform cross-sectional area resting on a horizontal surface holds two immiscible, non-viscous
incompressible liquids of densities d and 2d each of height H 2 . If a small hole is punched on the vertical side of
 H
h h  
the container at a height  2  , the efflux speed of the liquid at the hole is

g g
2g  H  h  g  H  h  3H  4h   4 H  3h 
1) 2) 3) 2 4) 2

8. A vessel of large area of cross-section opened at the top has a small hole at its bottom and is completely filled with
3
t t 
water. When the hole at the bottom is opened 4 of volume of water comes out in time 1 then the tiken taken 2
1
for the remaining 4 of the liquid to come out is equal to

t1
 
t1
t1 2  3
3) 2  3
t1
1) 2) 4 4)

KEY& SOLUTIONS

1) 3 2) 8 3) 1 4) 2 5) 2

6) 2 7) 3 8) 1 9) 10)

11) 12) 13) 14) 15)

1. Key: 3
Sol:
 2

 2  v2  P1   2  gh   2   
1 1 av
P0 
2 2  A
2 2

       gh  P1  O    
1 av 1 av
P0 
2  4A  2  A
2  av 2 2
a 2v 2
 v    gh  2  gh  
32 A2 2 A2
2  a2 a2  2  17a 2  3gh
v 1  2
 2
 3 gh  v 1  2
 3 gh  v 
 32 A 2 A   32 A  1
17a 2
32 A2

2. Key: 8
Sol:

For fluid in tube  F  ma cm

 P  P0  A  Al  2  L 
l

 2
 l
P  P0  l  2  L    Pressure of the liquid at the right end of the tube inside the tube
 2
By applying Bernoulli’s theorem at the right end of the tube
 l 1
P0  l  2  L    P0  V 2
 2 2
2 2l 2  2 L  2L 2 1
v   1   l  1  10  0.4  1  8 ms-1
2  l  l 0.4
3. Using Bernoulli’s theorem between open end of tube inside water and the height point to
which water rises. Let y be the depth of the open end of the tube in water from the
surface of water stream
 1 1
P1   r   y    v12  P2   g  h  h0    v22
2 2
v1  v0  5ms 1 and v2  0
1
  P0   gy    gy   v 2  P0   g  h  h0   0
2
1 2 v2
 v   g  h  h0   h   h0
2 2g
 1.25  1  0.25m
4. There is no speed of the inside tubes. Speed at a point like 2 is zero.
1
Using Bernoulli’s equation between 1 and 2 give P1   v12  P2  0
2
1 2
 P2  P1  v [ v1  v and v2  0 ]
2
1 v2
  gh2   gh1   v 2  h2  h1 
2 2g
v
h
2g
4
In the last add   0.2m
2 10
5. Fluid particles through the bend are in circular motion. The centripetal acceleration in
pressure. In the section as shown

P1 A  P2 A  mac
 P1  P 2
Applying Bernoulli theorem at 1 and 2
1 1
i,e., P1  1v12   gh1  P2   v22   gh2
2 2
1 1
P1  1v12  P2   v22 as h1  h2
2 2
P1  P2
v1  v2
In the less add: As the flow is stream lined energy density is same all points
6. The volume of liquid flowing per second  A1v1  A2v2
0.2 103  5 105  v1  v1  4ms 1 and v2  2ms 1

1 1
From Bernoulli’s theorem P1   v12  P2   v22 ( Pipe is horizontal)
2 2
 
P2  P1 
2
v2
1  v22 

1000
 3000  16  4   36000 Pa
2
7. Applying Bernoulli’s theorem for lower liquid between the point on the interface and at
orifice

H
P1  P0  dg , v1  0, P2  P0 and v2  ?
2
H 1 1
P1  2dg   2d  v12  P2  2dgh  2dv22
2 2 2
 H  H
 P0  dg   2dg  0  P0  2dgh  dv2
2

 2  2
 3H  g
g  2h   v2  v2   3H  4h 
 2  2
8. Let A, a be the area of cross-section of the vessel and hole respectively. Let h be the
weight of water level in the vessel at any instant during its fall. At this level velocity
of efflux through hole v  2 gh .

dh
Let the level falls further by dh in time dt , then rate of decrease of volume A
dt
which is equal to rate which liquid comes out a 2 gh .
dh
i.e.,  A  a 2 gh
dt
h t
A 2 dh
 
2 h1 2 gh 0
 dt

A 1  h2
 t
  2 h
a 2g   h1

A 2
a g
 h1  h2  t 
 A 2 H
 t1   H  
a g 4 

A 2 H 
t2    0   t2  t1
a g 4 