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A QUICK GUIDE TO

MATHS MASTERY
GrADES 4 – 6, JSS1 – 3

By

BIODUN OMOSAKU
WWW.BIODUNOMOSAKU.COM
Copyright © 2017 BIODUN OMOSAKU

All rights reserved.

ISBN: 0692236511

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NOTE TO PARENTS

We strongly recommend that every parent should go through this

manual also. It will help you to identify your child’s area of weakness
in Maths and What to do to help your child.

Other Materials by the Author

✓ Maths Tricks (eBook and Hardcopy)
✓ The Making of a Distinction Students (eBook)
✓ The Brain Booster (eBook)
✓ The Whizkid (eBook)
✓ Raising A Grade “A” Child (eBook)
✓ Zero to Hero in One Term (Video)
✓ 6 keys to Raising A Brilliant Child (Video)
✓ Your Child and Facebook (eBook)
✓ I am Not a Dullard, and No One Is (eBook and Hard copy)

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CHAPTER ONE
MATHS IS FUN!

The following pages you are about to read are key to your success in
Maths.

Talent is Not the Answer

Some people think that it’s only those who have a natural talent in Maths
that do excel in it. That is not true. Talent is not the answer. We are all
created with Natural interest and curiosity for Maths.

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Attitude Is Everything

Success in Maths starts with Attitude. If you want to be good at Maths,

your attitude towards it must change.

▪ You must be interested in Maths

▪ You must love to solve puzzles
▪ You must love to engage yourself
▪ You must be prepared to preserver in other to get better at
Maths.

Master the Process

Maths is more than just getting the right answers

You need to learn to master the concept, the process, and the thinking.

Maths Is Fun!
Oh yes! Maths is inherently fun and interesting. People like puzzles,
looking for patterns, solving problems and that is all that Maths is all
about.

Start by noticing (Be Very Observant)

When you look at a set of figures, take your time to observe if you can
find a relationship or consistent pattern between them. That’s the way
to be good at Maths.

Maths is a Verb

Maths is an action word. It is not dormant. It is not boring. It connotes

ACTION!

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Play with Maths – My book, Maths Tricks will enable you to do that. It
presents Maths to you in a uniquely interesting way. If you don’t have a
copy, tell your mummy to call my number 0802-322-6334 now to get a
copy for you.

Think Maths – Maths should engage your thoughts. The reason we study
Maths is to be able to think logically. Think Maths, Wonder About it –
when you discover an amazing pattern by your observation, pause and
wonder about it. Create fun around Maths and enjoy it.

These are the first steps into Mastering Mathematics. In the next
chapters, I want to give you more specific things you need to know in
other to be good at Maths. Ready? Let’s go to Chapter Two

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CHAPTER TWO
YOU ARE ALREADY
AHEAD BY 70%
From our research, the below chart shows the average distribution* of
the topics usually examined in most elementary Maths examination.

By implication, 10% of the total Maths question will come from Ratios,
12% from Fractions, 15% from measurement, 10% from computer 5%
from statistic, etc.

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*Note that Percentages on the pie chat above will vary depending on
the classifications of topics and the statistical tool/technique used.

From the chart, you can see that our videos – MATHS MADE EASY VIDEO
SERIES cover 74%!

If You Have the Videos, you are 74% ahead in Maths

Don’t get it twisted, mere having the videos does not put you ahead by
74%, it is the mastery of the topics we treated in the videos that put you
ahead.

If you have the videos;

▪ Watch the Videos

Take time to watch the video topic by topic until you finish the whole 30
topics

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▪ Master the concept and the process.

Work every example used in the video by yourself too. Don’t assume
you have understood it by merely watching me work them. No! Pause
the video, work the examples and see if you will be able to do it.

▪ Do the exercises at the end of each topic

There are exercises at the end of each video that you are expected to try
out by yourself. Pause the video, copy out the questions and work them.

Answers to the questions are included in the video there. Celebrate

yourself for any question you get correctly. You are moving on your way
to becoming a Maths genius.

▪ Repeat this Process at Least Three Times

Watch the videos again, master the process and the concept, work the
examples and the exercises,etc. “Why should I repeat this process when
I have understood it the first time?” You may ask.

Because research has shown that most (average) human beings tend to
forget 50% of new information within an hour. Within 24 hours, people
tend to forget an average of 70% of new information. However, when
revised within the first 24 hours, one can retain the memory for up to 2
weeks. A revisit of this prior revision in 2 weeks allows one to

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retain the memory up to another 2 months. Do you see why I

recommend that you should repeat the process 3 times?

If you have any problem with any topic, feel free to call me 0802-322-
6334 and ask me questions, I am ready to guide you.

▪ What if I don’t have the videos?

Honestly, you need the videos. That is the only way you can fully enjoy
this book because I am going to reveal some powerful things in this book
that you may need to go back and watch the video again.

Therefore, beg your parents to get the videos for you immediately. They
can call my number 08023226334 to order the videos immediately.

Now, let us consider some more specific things you need to know and do
to master Mathematics.

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CHAPTER THREE

“QUARDRUPLET” OF MATHS

One of the reasons most students find it difficult to do well in Maths is

because of their weak foundation in Maths.

It is possible to attain 100% excellence in Maths. To achieve this, a

student must be conversant with the twelve must know question types
and techniques.

In this section, we will cover the must-know question types and

techniques to ace any elementary Maths examination.

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“Quadruplets of Maths”

Quadruplets of Maths are four cardinal areas of Mathematics. When you

are good at these four areas, you are 40% ahead in Maths. These areas
are;

✓ Decimals
✓ Fraction
✓ Ratio
✓ Percentage

In most Maths exam questions, 10% of the questions will come from
Ratios, 7% will come from Decimals, 12% will come from Fractions and
10% will come from percentages.

Mastery of these four topics will give you 40% chances in any exams at
this level.

In this chapter, I will give you the essential knowledge and skills you need
to be grounded in these four areas.

Let us start by testing your knowledge in these four areas.

Relationship of the Quadruplet

Example one

Complete the table below as fast as you can. Find equivalent value in
decimal, fraction, ratio, and percentage as the case may be.

Hint: If you have watched my videos on these four topics, you should be
able to easily complete the table.

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Decimal Fraction Ratio Percentage

0.1 1:10
1/5 20%
1/4 25%

0.5 1:2

1/8 12.5%

Check the answer at the back of the book

How many did you get right?

If you have problems converting fractions or decimals to

percentages, watch our video on Expressing Fractions as
Percentages.

Now, let us move forward.

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CHAPTER 4
ESSENTIAL KNOWLEDGE
FOR MATHS MASTERY
Let us look at the knowledge and skills that you need to master Maths
especially the ‘quadruplet’ areas of Maths.

Maths becomes a lot easier when your foundation is solid. If however,

your foundation is weak, it will be difficult to build on it.

Forget about the class you are in. The most important thing is how solid
is your foundation in Maths? If you know you have a weak foundation,
you need to rebuild your foundation.

|HOW GOOD ARE YOU WITH YOUR MULTIPLICATION TABLE? |

The first pillar of Mathematics is multiplication. If your foundation in

multiplication is weak, you will not be able to solve many Maths
problems.

The second pillar of Maths is division which is the opposite of

multiplication. If you are lousy in multiplication, you will not be able to
handle division.

The following questions require you to be good at multiplication before

you can handle them;

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1. Express 3/4 as a percentage

2. A man bought a commodity for N600 and sold it for N750, What is
his profit in percentage
3. Divide 12975 ÷ 75
Without a solid foundation in multiplication, you won’t be able to
correctly solve these problems.

Way out

Master and memorize your multiplication

table from 1-20.

My book, Mathematics Tricks can greatly help you in this regard. The
book contains different cutting edge strategies to easily memorize your
multiplication table and so many other Maths Tricks. If you don’t have
a copy, you can order a copy today at 0802-322-6334.

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|INTERPRETATION OF QUESTIONS|

It is important for you to correctly interpret Maths questions. This is the

first skill every learner of Mathematics requires. Your ability to correctly
dissect and interpret what a question is asking from you is critical.

Let us consider some specific Areas

▪ Interpreting Words Problems

An important area you must be able to interpret is word problems.

You must be able to convert words to figures.

Note the following words and their meaning in Mathematical form:

Words What they mean

Is, am, are, =

Add, sum, greater than, longer than, etc +

Minus, less, difference, below, etc -

Multiply by, product, of X

Divide, share ÷

Times itself, square ^ (square)

Example 1

Write out the following in a Mathematical way

1. The sum of 5 and a number

2. The product of a number and 8
3. Twice the difference of a number and 7
4. Twice a number decreased by 6

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Solution

1. 5 + X
2. 8X
3. 2(X-7)
4. 2X – 6

What did you score?

You also need to know these in interpreting word problems.

Any time you come across, “less than,” “subtracted from,” “taken
from,” begin to write their expression from the back

Example 2

Five taken from a number

Solution

Hint: Start from the back

A number (call the number X)

Five taken from the number = X - 5

That is how to interpret the question in a Mathematical way

Now, follow my instructions and write the following:

1. A number less than 2

2. Five less than a number
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3. Four subtracted from twice a number

4. Three times a number added to 4 is 16
5. The sum of -5 and a number is equal to 8
6. Twice a number less than 4 gives us 10

Solution

1. 2 –X
2. X –5
3. 2X – 4
4. 3X + 4 = 16
5. -5 + X = 8
6. 4 – 2X = 10

How many did you get?

▪ Interpreting Percentage Questions

Example 1

The selling price for a handphone is N2,700 after a discount of 10%.

Determine the price of the phone before the discount.

To be able to work on this question, you should be able to interpret what

a discount is.

Is it an addition or subtraction from the original figure?

Discount is a subtraction you get off what you buy.

That means the N2,700 in this question represents a figure arrived at

after removing the 10% discount.

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You will also be correct to say that the N2,700 represents 90%
i.e. (100% - 10% discount) of the original figure.

We can write this in a Mathematical way.

The 2,700 is 90% (90/100 ) of the original price (100-10), and therefore
to get the 100% we gross up by turning the 90/100 upside down and
multiply by discounted amount.

Meaning that the original figure before the discount is N3,000.

Check: 10% of 3,000 is 300 , therefore after subtracting 300 from 3,000
we get 3,000 – 300 = 2,700

Example 2

The selling price for a bag is N3,150 after a VAT of 5%. Determine the
price of the bag before VAT.

Can you interpret this question?

Do you know what a VAT stands for?

A VAT stands for Value Added Tax. It is usually added to the price you
are paying for goods.

By implication, the N3,150 represents a figure that is arrived at after

the addition of 5% VAT. i.e. (100 +5) 105%

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We can write this in a Mathematical way.

The N3,150 is 105% (105/100 ) of the original price.

Therefore, to get the 100% we reverse the fraction by turning the

105/100 upside down and multiply by the Vated amount.

Meaning, that the original figure before the VAT was added was
N3,000.

Let us consider another example

Example 3

A student scored 726 out of possible 1000 marks, what is the

percentage of his score?

Let n represent his percentage score.

Therefore, n/100 of 1000 = 726

1000n = 72600

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n = 72.6

▪ Interpreting Time Conversion

Consider this question in one of the common entrance examination

questions.

Example 1

If a man begins work on Tuesday at 10.00 am and finished at 3.00 pm

on Friday, How many hours has he worked?

Solution

▪ You know that 60 seconds = I minute

▪ You know that 60 minutes = I hour
▪ You know that 24 hours = I day

With this knowledge, you should be able to solve the above question.

10.00 am Tuesday – 10.00 am Wednesday 24 hours

10.00am Wed - 10.00am Thursday 24 hours

10.00am Thurs - 10.00am Friday 24 hours

10.00am - 3.00pm Friday 5 hours

Total hours 77 hours

Time conversion is a topic that is well covered in my video – Maths

Made Easy
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|UNITARY OPERATION|

This is one of the most basic techniques that all learners of

Mathematics must master. ‘Unitary’ means finding the worth of one
unit of the required quantity. This is especially applicable to ratios and
percentages.

Example 1

Tomisin pays N30.00 for two bottles of water. What is the unit price of
the water?

This kind of operation is common in your exams.

When you are given the value of many quantities of anything and you
are being asked to find the unit (one) value of the same thing, Simply
DIVIDE!

In the question above, the Value of two bottles is

N30.00 Unit (one) Value = N30.00÷2

Price of one = N15

Example 2

A runner sprints ½ of a mile in 1/15 hour. How many miles does he

sprint in an hour?
The question is asking you about miles.

Divide the miles by hours.

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Do you know how to divide simple fractions like this?

If you have watched my video on Fraction, you will be able to do simple
fractions like this.

Your answer should be 71/2 miles

Did you get it? If you don’t, tell your mummy or daddy to buy my video
on Fraction for you.

Example 3

If Bunmi pumps 54 gallons of water in 12 minutes, how many gallons can

she pump in 20 minutes?

To answer this type of question, you need to find out how many gallons
she pumps in one minute. Then, multiply it by the new minutes you want
to know i.e 20 minutes.

Gallons pumps per (one) minute = 54/12 = 4.5

How many gallons will he pump in 20min = 4.5 X 20 = 90 gallons?

Do you understand?

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|FRACTION OPERATION|

Questions on Fractions are very common in common entrance exams.

You should not have a problem tackling them if you have mastered your
Fractions.

Note that ratios and percentages are forms of fractions.

Like I explained in the video, a fraction represents a part of a whole.

The above pizza is divided into eight parts.

One portion out of eight portions (usually written 1/8) has been
removed.

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Let me test your intelligence.

If one portion out of 8 (1/8) has been removed, how many portions are
remaining?

Ans = 7/8.

Example Two

What does 20% mean?

Solution

It means 20 portions out of 100 portions.

You could be asked, what is 20% of 1000? (“of” in Maths means

multiplication)

It means if 1000 is divided into 100 portions, how many are 20 portions?
You can re-write that in a Mathematical way

Let me test your intelligence now.

If 75% of a school population is girls, what is the percentage of the boys

in that school?

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Solution

The school has been divided into 100 portions.

75 portions out of 100 portions are girls

To know the boys, (100 -75) = 25

Therefore, 25% are boys.

|WHEN CAN YOU DIVIDE A FRACTION?|

Look at the following fraction;

You cannot cut 3 and 9. Neither can you cut 2 and 4. You know why?
Because of the plus in-between them.
The only time you can cross-cut two fractions is when there is a
multiplication sign in between them

e.g

If you have two fractions like this and a multiplication sign in-between,
you are mathematically correct to cut (divide) them out.

For more questions on Fractions, please watch our video on Fractions.

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|WHEN DO YOU CROSS MULTIPLY? |

You cross multiply when you have two fractions with equal signs in-
between them.

For example:

If you have two fractions like these, to find the value of X, just cross
multiply.

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2(X-3) = 12

2X – 6 = 12

2X= 12 + 6

2X = 18

X = 18

X=9

If you don’t know how I solved the simple equation above, be honest to
yourself. Ensure you get and watch our video on Simple Equation.

Let us try one more example

50% of a number is 1000, what is that number?

Solution

I am not going to use the short cut here which is to gross it up.

Let the number be X

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“of ” in Maths means multiplication

It becomes:

You may say 1000 is not a fraction. You can turn it into a fraction by
simply making it stand on 1

It becomes

Now you can cross multiply.

50X = 1000 x 100

50X = 100000

X = 2000

How to solve equations like this is treated in our video on Simple

equation. I strongly recommend that you get these videos.

|KNOW YOUR ALGEBRAIC RULES|

Let me test your algebraic knowledge

1. n+n=?
2. nxn=?
3. nxy=?
4. n+y=?
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Solution
1. n + n = 2n
2. n x n = n2 not 2n
3. n x y = ny
4. n+y=n+y

Let us consider EQUALITY SIGN RULE IN ALGEBRA

Just a reminder, I know you know the rule.

When a minus crosses the equality sign, it changes to a plus and vice
versa
Another Equality rule is that…

When a square cross the equality sign, it changes to square root at the
other side
Can you please try the following exercises?

1. 2n + 12 - n = 30 – n
2. n2 = 40 – 4
3. 6n + 10 = 28
4. n + n + 2n = 48
5. 3n + 4 + 3n – 6 = 34
6. 9(n - 6) = - 36

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Solution

1. n=9
2. n=6
3. n= 3
4. n = 12
5. n = 6
6. n = 2

How many did you get right?

|SIMPLE RULES ABOUT DECIMALS|

Do you know how to add or subtract decimals?

Let me test your knowledge.

Example 1

What is the difference between 45 and 4.20?

Solution

Because 4.20 has two digits after decimals, you need to turn 45 too to
the same form by adding a decimal point and two zeros.

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45.00

- 4.20

40.80

The rule is that you should set the numbers to be added or subtracted
such that the decimal point will align.

Note that the above rule needs to be observed only when you are
adding or subtracting decimals. For detailed instructions on how to
multiply, divide, add and subtract decimals, see my class in the video
on Decimals.

|DON’T BE AFRAID OF MATHS QUESTIONS|

Don’t be afraid of Maths questions. All you need is to ask yourself “what
can I do with the information I have been given?” Once you can do one
step, it will lead you to the next step.

Look at this question:

If 9:1 = 3X, find X

Ask yourself “what can I do with the above equation?”

One thing you can quickly do is to re-write the equation.

Re-write it as a fraction:

Now we have two fractions with an equality sign in-

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between. Next, we can cross- multiply:

3x = 9

X=3

|CONCLUSION|

In this volume one of this Quick Guide to Maths Mastery, I have drawn
out important knowledge and skills you need have to be grounded in
Maths especially at the Quadruplet areas of Maths.

I hope you have enjoyed the journey so far.

Answer to Conversion Question

Decimals Fraction Ratio Percentage

0.1 1/10 1:10 10%
0.2 1/5 1:5 20%
0.25 1/4 1:4 25%
0.5 1/2 1:2 50%
0.125 1/8 1:8 12.5%

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