CS SE 1209 & IT 1210

Lecture 05
Encapsulation
09/07/2024
Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Computer Science | Software Engineering | Information Technology
Department of Computing
Faculty of Computing and Technology
Saegis Campus
Nugegoda

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What is OOP
❑ OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming.

❑ Procedural programming is about writing procedures or methods that perform operations on the data,
while object-oriented programming is about creating objects that contain both data and methods.

❑ As the name suggests, Object-Oriented Programming or Java OOPs concept refers to languages that use
objects in programming, they use objects as a primary source to implement what is to happen in the code.
Objects are seen by the viewer or user, performing tasks you assign.

❑ Object-oriented programming has several advantages over procedural programming:

• OOP is faster and easier to execute

• OOP provides a clear structure for the programs
• OOP helps to keep the Java code DRY "Don't Repeat Yourself", and makes the code easier to maintain,
modify and debug
• OOP makes it possible to create full reusable applications with less code and shorter development time
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What is OOP

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 Access Modifiers in Java
The access modifiers in Java specifies the accessibility or scope of a field, method, constructor, or class. We can
change the access level of fields, constructors, methods, and class by applying the access modifier on it.

There are four types of Java access modifiers:

Private: The access level of a private modifier is only within the class. It cannot be accessed from outside the
class.

Default: The access level of a default modifier is only within the package. It cannot be accessed from outside
the package. If you do not specify any access level, it will be the default.

Protected: The access level of a protected modifier is within the package and outside the package through child
class. If you do not make the child class, it cannot be accessed from outside the package.

Public: The access level of a public modifier is everywhere. It can be accessed from within the class, outside the
class, within the package and outside the package.

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Understanding Java Access Modifiers

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Encapsulation
• Encapsulation is one of the fundamental OOP concepts.

• Encapsulation is the technique of making the fields in a class private and providing
access to the fields via public methods.

• If a field is declared private, it cannot be accessed by anyone outside the class,

thereby hiding the fields within the class.

• For this reason, encapsulation is also referred to as data hiding.

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Encapsulation

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Encapsulation
• Encapsulation in Java is a mechanism of wrapping the data
(variables) and code acting on the data (methods) together as a
single unit.

• In encapsulation, the variables of a class will be hidden from

other classes, and can be accessed only through the methods of
their current class.

• Therefore, it is also known as data hiding.

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Encapsulation
Achieving Encapsulation in Java

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Encapsulation
• Encapsulation can be described as a protective barrier that prevents the code and data
being randomly accessed by other code defined outside the class.

• The main benefit of encapsulation is the ability to modify our implemented code
without breaking the code of others who use our code.

• With this feature Encapsulation gives maintainability, flexibility and extensibility to our
code.

• The get method returns the variable value, and the set method sets the value.

• Syntax for both is that they start with either get or set, followed by the name of the
variable, with the first letter in upper case:
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Setters & Getters

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Encapsulation
public String getId () {
public class Student
return id;
{
}
private String name;
public void setAge( int newAge){
private String id;
age = newAge;
private int age;
}
public void setName(String newName){
public int getAge() {
name = newName;
return age;
}
}
public void setId ( String newId){
public String getName() {
id = newId;
return name;
}
}
}

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Encapsulation
public class TestEncap{
public static void main(String args[]) {

Student student1 = new Student();

student1.setName(“ABC");
student1.setAge(23);
student1.setId(“Saegis5210");

System.out.println("Name : " + student1.getName()+

" Age : "+ student1.getAge()+ " Id : "+ student1.getId() );
}
}

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Lecturer Name Saegis Campus