Sl.

Questions
No.
1. Repeatable entity of a crystal structure is known as
a) Crystal b) Lattice c) Unit cell d) Miller indices
2. How do crystals and amorphous solids differ?
a) Crystals have poorly formed patterns and amorphous solids do not.
b) Crystals produce regular shaped fragments when shattered and amorphous solids do not.
c) Crystals have particles that are separated by irregular distances and amorphous solids do
d) Crystals have broad melting point ranges and amorphous solids do not
3. The number of Bravais lattices is
a) 265 b)14 c) 37 d) 7
4. The number of crystal systems
a) 265 b)14 c) 37 d) 7
5. Crystal system which has 4 types of lattices
a) Monoclinic b) Triclinic c) Orthorhombic d) Tetragonal
6. Parameters that characterize the unit cell are
a) Number of atoms per unit cell b) Atomic Radius c) Packing factor d) All the above
7. Which unit cell has eight atoms located in the corners, has sides that are all the same length,
and has angles of only 90 degree ?
a) Body-centered cubic unit cell b) Triclinic unit cell
c) Face-centered cubic unit cell d) Simple cubic unit cell
8. The unit cell of a certain type of crystal is defined by three vectors a,b and c. These vectors are
mutually perpendicular, but a=bc. The crystal structure is
a)Tetragonal b)Triclinic c)Orthorhombic d)Monoclinic.
9. The unit cell of a certain type of crystal is defined by three vectors a,b and c. These vectors are
mutually perpendicular, butabc. The crystal structure is
a)Tetragonal b)Triclinic c)Orthorhombic d)Monoclinic.
10. The unit cell with axial length abc and interfacial angles==90, 90 belongs to which type of
crystal system?
a)Tetragonal b)Triclinic c)Orthorhombic d)Monoclinic
11. The unit cell with axial length abc and interfacial angles90 belongs to which type of crystal
system?
a)Tetragonal b)Triclinic c)Orthorhombic d)Monoclinic
12. The unit cell with axial length a=b=c and interfacial angles==90 belongs to which type of
crystal system?
a)Rhombohedral b)Triclinic c)Orthorhombic d)Monoclinic
13. Coordination number for hexagonal closest packed crystal structure
a) 16 b) 12 c) 8 d) 2

14. Atomic packing factor is

a) Projected area fraction of atoms on a plane
b) Distance between two adjacent atoms proportional

c) Volume fraction of atoms in cell d) none

15. Coordination number in simple cubic crystal structure

a) 4 b) 2 c) 6 d) 3
16. The atomic diameter of an BCC crystal (if a is lattice parameter) is
a) a b) a/2
c)a/(4/√2) d)a/(4/√3)

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17. Copper has a face-centred cubic unit cell. How many copper atoms are in each unit cell?
a) 6 b) 4
c) 8 d) 2
18. Number lattice points in primitive cell is
a) One b) Two c) Three d)Depends on type of Bravais lattice
19. Atomic packing factor for BCC structure is
a) 0.52 b) 0.74 c) 0,68 d) None of these
20. Coordination number in case of BCC cubic structure is
a) 16 b) 12 c) 8 d) 2
Atomic packing factor for FCC structure is
a) 0.52 b) 0.74 c) 0,68 d) None of these
Coordination number in case of FCC cubic structure is
a) 16 b) 12 c) 8 d) 2
Atomic packing factor for SC structure is
a) 0.52 b) 0.74 c) 0,68 d) None of these
Lattice constant of a BCC crystal is 0.36nm.Its atomic radius is
a) 0.08nm b) 0.16nm c) 0.18nm d) 0.10nm
Miller indices are same for
a)Crystal planes b)Parallel planes
c)Perpendicular planes d)Three crystallographic planes
The Miller indices of a material in a plane are proportional to
a)The reciprocal of numerical parameters of intercepts
b)The square of unit cell dimensions
c)The intercepts of the planes on the coordinate axis
d)The inert planar spacing.
Which of the following statements describes best the Bridgman method?
a) Melt is outside the temperature furnace, solidification begins at the hotter end
b) Melt is inside the temperature furnace, solidification occurs at the cooler end
c) Melt is inside the temperature furnace, solidification occurs at the hotter end
d) Solidification is achieved by passing the melt through a temperature gradient.
Point out the disadvantage of Czochralski method
a) Growth of large oriented single crystal b) Growth from free surface
c) Liquid phase Encapsulation d) Control of atmosphere
Molecular beam epitaxy is a _________
a) Chemical vapour deposition
b) Lithography
c) Physical vapour deposition
d) Template based synthesis

Sl.No. Questions
1. What are crystalline materials?
2. What is an amorphous solid?
3. What is a basis?
4. What are the differences between crystalline and non crystalline
material.
5. What are lattice parameters of an unit cell
6. What is space lattice?
7. Define unit cell?

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 8. What is a primitive cell?
9. Name the seven crystal system.
10. What are Bravais lattices?
11. Define co-ordination number.
12. Derive an expression for atomic radius in terms of lattice parameter for
BCC.
13. Derive an expression for atomic radius in terms of lattice parameter for
FCC.
14. Lattice constant of a BCC crystal is 0.36 nm. Find its atomic radius.
15. Copper has FCC structure whose atomic radius is 1.26 × 10 m. -10

Calculate its lattice constant.

16. Define packing factor.
17. Calculate packing factor of simple cubic structure.
18. Calculate packing factor of body centred cubic structure.
19. Calculate packing factor of face centred cubic structure.
20. What are Miller indices?
Sketch (101) and (111) planes for a cubic crystal.
Obtain Miller indices of a plane whose intercepts are a, b/2, 3c in a
simple cubic structure.
Lattice constant of copper is 0.38 nm. Calculate the distance between
(110) planes.
The distance between (110) plane in a BCC structure is 2.03 A. What is
the size of unit cell?
Show that for a simple cubic system d100:d110:d111 :: 6 : 3 : 2
Discuss Bragg’s law for X-ray diffraction.
What are polymorphism and allotropy?
Classify the crystal growth techniques.
Write the principle of Czochralski technique.
What are the advantages of Czochralski technique.
What are the limitations of Czochralski technique.

What are the advantages of the Molecular Beam Epitaxy technique.

What are the disadvantages of the Molecular Beam Epitaxy technique.
Mention the applications of the Molecular Beam Epitaxy technique.

Sl. No. Questions

1. Explain the various types of crystal system with a neat sketch and example.

2. Calculate the atomic radius and packing factor for SC, BCC and FCC structures.

3.
Describe the structure of HCP crystal (ii) Calculate the axial ratio (c/a) and

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 atomic packing factor for HCP structure.

4. Define atomic packing factor, calculate packing factor for (a) SC (b) BCC (c)
FCC (d) HCP

5. Show that the atomic packing factor of FCC and HCP are same

6. i) What are Miller indices?

ii) Derive an expression for interplanar distance.

7. Explain Czochralski method of growing crystal. Mention the merits and demerits

8. Explain Molecular Beam Epitaxial method to grow single crystal thin films.

MODULE - VI

Sl.
Questions
No.
1. What is heat transfer?
a) Flow of thermal energy from low-temperature reservoir to high-temperature reservoir
b) Flow of energy in the form of heat from high-temperature reservoir to low-
temperature reservoir
c) Flow of thermal energy irrespective of reservoir temperature
d) None of the above
2. Which of the following is a method of heat transfer?
a) Convection
b) Radiation
c) Conduction
d) All of the mentioned
3. In liquids and gases, heat transmission is primarily caused by
a) Convection
b) Radiation
c) Conduction
d) Conduction as well as convection
4. The appropriate rate equation for convective heat transfer between a surface and
adjacent fluid is prescribed by which law?
a) Newton’s law of cooling
b) Kirchhoff’s law
c) Newton’s first law
d) Wein’s displacement law
5. Heat transfer without actual motion of the particle is called
a) Conduction b) Convection
c) Radiation d) Forced Convection
6. Heat is transferred from one end to another without the necessity of the intervening
medium ………….
a) Conduction b) Convection
c) Radiation d) Forced Convection
7. Which of the following statement is incorrect according to heat transfer?
a) Heat flow doesn’t depend on temperature
b) A material medium is not necessary for heat transmission
c) The process of heat transfer is an irreversible process
d) For heat exchange, a temperature gradient must exist

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8. The rate of heat transfer is maximum for
a)Conduction b)Convection
c)Radiation d)In all heat is transferred with same speed.
9. Thermal conductivity is defined as the heat flow per unit time
a) When the temperature gradient is unity
b) Across the wall with no temperature
c) Through a unit thickness of the wall
d) Across unit area where the temperature gradient is unity.
10. For a good conductor ……………………&……………….methods are used to
determine the Thermal conductivity of a material
a)Searle’s &Forbe’s b)Lee’s disc & Radial flow c)Searle’s & Lee’s
disc d)Forbe’s& Radial flow
11. Heat lost by the element per second is
a)Mass × specific heat capacity.
b)specific heat capacity × rate of fall of temperature.
c)Mass × specific heat capacity × rate of fall of temperature.
d)Mass × rate of fall of temperature.
12. Amount of heat flowing per second across the cross section at a point is
……………………to heat lost by radiation by the rod beyond the section.
a) Zero b) equal c)unequal d) one
13. Most metals are good conductor of heat because of
a)Transport of energy
b)Free electrons and frequent collision of atoms
c) Lattice defects
d)Capacity to absorb energy
14. The thermal conductivity of bad conductor is determined by
a)Searle’s method b)Lee’s disc method
c) Radial flow method d) Lee’s disc and Radial flow method
15. Nature of heat exchange process is classified as
a)Direct contact & Indirect contact heat exchanger
b)Concentric tubes
c)Multiple shell and tube
d)Compact heater exchanger
16. Unit of the rate of heat transfer is
a) Joule b)Newton c)Pascal d) Watt
17. Some examples of heat exchangers are
i)Automobile radiators and oil coolers of heat engines
ii)Condensers and evaporators in refrigeration units
iii)Evaporator of an ice plant and milk chiller of a pasteurizing plant
a)i only b)i and ii c)ii and iii d)i, ii and iii
18. How many types of convection process are there
a) One b)Two c)Three d) Four
19. Thermal conductivity is maximum for which substance
a)Silver b) Ice c) Aluminium d) Diamond
20. Which of the following is an example of forced convection
a) Chilling effect of cold wind on a warm body b)Flow of water in condenser tubes
c) Cooling of billets in the atmosphere d) Heat exchange on cold and warm pipes
21 Which one of the following forms of water has the highest value of thermal
conductivity?
a) Boiling water b) Steam c)Solid ice d) Melting ice
22 Heat exchangers are classified into how many categories?
a)1 b)2 c)3 d)4

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23 Based upon the nature of heat exchange process, the heat exchangers are classified into
how many categories
a)1 b)2 c)3 d)4
24 The energy transfer between the hot fluid and cold fluids is brought about by their
complete physical mixing in
a) Direct contact heat exchanger
b) Regenerators
c) Recuperators
d) Boilers
25 Which of the following is not an example of recuperators type heat exchanger?
a) Automobile radiators
b) Condensers
c) Chemical factories
d) Oil heaters for an aero plane
26 In how many categories heat exchangers are classified on the basis of direction of flow
of fluids?
a)1 b)2 c)3 d)4
27 In how many categories heat exchangers are classified on the basis of mechanical
design of heat exchanger surface?
a)1 b)2 c)3 d)4
28 In how many categories heat exchangers are classified on the basis of physical state of
heat exchanging fluids?
a)1 b)2 c)3 d)4
29 Which of the following statements is correct is correct?
a)In counter flow heat exchangers fluid enter and leaves at perpendicular end.
b)In cross flow heat exchanger fluid flow in the same direction.
c)In parallel flow heat exchangers fluid enter and leaves at opposite ends.
d)In double pipe heat exchanger one pipe is fixed concentrically inside a larger pipe.
30 Which of the following is not an application of regenerator?
a) Jet condenser
b) Steam power plant
c) Oxygen producer
d) Blast furnace
31 In which type of heat exchanger the same space is occupied by the hot and cold gases,
between which heat is exchanged?
a) Recuperator
b) Regenerator
c) Direct contact heat exchanger
d) Indirect contact heat exchanger
32 The automobile radiator is a heat exchanger of
a)parallel flow type b)counter flow type
c)cross flow type d)regenerator type
33 What is Refrigeration?
a) Refrigeration is the process of removing heat from a substance and cooling it to a
temperature or below the actual temperature
b) Refrigeration is the process of adding heat from a substance and cooling it to a
temperature
c) Refrigeration is used to increase the level of humidity in the air by adding heat
34 Which of the following refers to the term C.O.P. of refrigeration?
a) Cooling for Performance
b) Coefficient of Performance
c) Capacity of Performance
d) Co-efficient of Plant

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35 Why is the evaporator used in refrigerator?
a) To absorb heat
b) To decrease the refrigeration effect
c) To reject heat
d) To improve C.O.P.
36 Which one is not used as a refrigerant in refrigerators?
a)Ammonia b)Methyl chloride c)Freon d)CO
37 What are the drain back systems in solar water heating systems?
a)The system that reverses the direction of flow of transfer fluid
b)The system that tracks the sun
c)The system that pumps excess transfer of fluid
d)The system that drains the transfer fluid.
38 Which of the following metals are used to make pipes of low cost solar water heater
a)Gold b)Silver c) Copper D)Polymer
39 Which of the following statements is correct is correct?
a)In counter flow heat exchangers fluid enter and leaves at perpendicular end.
b)In cross flow heat exchanger fluid flow in the same direction.
c)In parallel flow heat exchangers fluid enter and leaves at opposite ends.
d)In double pipe heat exchanger one pipe is fixed concentrically inside a larger pipe.
40 Which of the following is not an application of regenerator?
a) Jet condenser
b) Steam power plant
c) Oxygen producer
d) Blast furnace
41 In which type of heat exchanger the same space is occupied by the hot and cold gases,
between which heat is exchanged?
a) Recuperator b) Regenerator c) Direct contact heat exchanger
d) Indirect contact heat exchanger

Sl.No. Questions
1.
Define heat conduction?
2.
Define convection?
3.
Define radiation?
4.
Define coefficient of thermal conductivity and mention its unit
5.
How are heat conduction and electrical conduction analogous to each other.
6.
Derive the unit in which thermal conductivity is measured.
7.
What are three modes of heat transfer?
8.
What is the basic principle behind Lees Disc method?
9. Write down an expression for the amount of heat conducted through a
compound media of two layers.
10.
What are the demerits of Forbe’s method?
11.
What are heat exchangers?
12.
Classify heat exchangers based on its design and constructional features.
13.
Discuss about Regenerator type of heat exchanger.
14.
Discuss about Recuperator type of heat exchanger.

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 15.
What is the principle of refrigeration?
16.
Define Coefficient of performance in refrigeration.
17.
Define Relative Coefficient of performance in refrigeration
18.
What is the role of compressor in refrigeration?
19.
What is Solar power?
20.
What are the ways of indirect harnessing of solar energy?

Sl. No. Questions

1. Describe the Forbe’s method to determine thermal conductivity of metals with
relevant theory.

2. Derive an expression for the quantity of heat flow through a metal slab whose
faces are kept at two different temperatures. Use this expression to determine
thermal conductivity of a bad conductor by Lee’s Disc method.

3. Explain flow of heat through compound media when the materials are
connected in series and parallel.

4. Describe heat exchangers and refrigerators.

5. Describe the construction and working of solar water heater.

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