Advanced Java Programming: Important Topics Notes
## Module-1: Enumerations and Annotations
### Enumerations
1. `values()` and `valueOf()` Methods:
- `values()`: Returns all constants of the enumeration.
- `valueOf()`: Converts a string to its corresponding enumeration constant.
- Example:
```java
enum Day {
MONDAY, TUESDAY;
Day day = Day.valueOf("MONDAY");
```
2. Enumerations as Class Types:
- Can include fields, methods, and constructors.
### Type Wrappers
1. Numeric Type Wrappers:
- Wrappers like `Integer`, `Double` allow primitive types to be treated as objects.
- Example:
```java
Integer num = Integer.valueOf(10);
```
### Annotations
1. Obtaining Annotations at Runtime:
- Using reflection to process annotations.
2. Single-Member Annotations:
- Annotations with only one attribute.
- Example:
```java
@interface MyAnnotation {
String value();
```
3. Built-in Annotations:
- `@Override`, `@Inherited`, `@Retention`.
---
## Module-2: Generics
### Generics in Java
1. Improving Type Safety:
- Prevents runtime errors due to type mismatch.
- Example:
```java
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
```
2. Bounded Types:
- Upper bound: `<T extends Class>`.
- Lower bound: `<T super Class>`.
### Generic Methods and Classes
1. Generic Methods:
- Declared with `<T>` and ensures type safety.
- Example:
```java
public static <T> void printArray(T[] array) {
for (T element : array) {
System.out.println(element);
```
2. Generic Classes:
- Act as superclasses or subclasses.
3. Handling Legacy Code:
- Generics enable migration while retaining type safety.
---
## Module-3: Strings
### String Class
1. Constructors:
- Example:
```java
String s = new String("Hello");
```
2. String Methods:
- `substring()`, `concat()`, `replace()`, `trim()`.
### String Manipulation
1. Removing Duplicates:
- Example:
```java
String str = "java";
```
### StringBuffer Methods
1. Methods:
- `append()`, `insert()`, `reverse()`, `replace()`.
---
## Module-4: Servlets and JSP
### Servlets
1. Life Cycle:
- `init()`, `service()`, `destroy()`.
2. Handling Parameters:
- Program to sum inputs.
### JSP Tags and Cookies
1. JSP Tags:
- `<%@ page %>`, `<jsp:include>`, `<jsp:useBean>`.
2. Cookies:
- Program to create and retrieve cookies.
---
## Module-5: JDBC
### JDBC Drivers
1. Four Types:
- Type 1: JDBC-ODBC Bridge.
- Type 2: Native-API.
### JDBC Operations
1. Steps:
- Loading driver, establishing connection, executing SQL.
2. Transactions:
- Program for commit and rollback.
---
This document summarizes the essential topics for Advanced Java Programming. Focus on the
highlighted examples and explanations for better understanding.
