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Worksheet2, 1-5 Solution

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21 views15 pages

Worksheet2, 1-5 Solution

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fireorion7
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ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY

ADDIS ABABA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY


School of Chemical and Bio Engineering

Course Code and Name: CBEg3132--Mass Transfer and Separation Processes


Assignment No.: 2 and 3 Submission Due Date: 11th April, 2017
Instructors: 1. Dr. Eng. Hundessa Dessalegn 1. [email protected]
2. Mr. Bisrat Kassahun Contact Emails: 2. [email protected]

General Instructions

List assumptions you have made, use schematics and show calculation steps wherever
necessary and use psychometric chart attached herewith.

1. For air with a dry- and wet-bulb temperature of 80℉ and 65℉, respectively,
Determine the following

a) Relative humidity d) Total heat


b) Moisture content e) Specific volume
c) Dew point f) Vapor pressure

Careful readings of psychrometric chart 1 and 2 , results

2. A gas is discharged at 140℉ from an HCl absorber. If 9000 lb/h (MW= 30) of
gas enters the absorber essentially dry (negligible water) at 560℉, calculate
the moisture content, the mass flow rate, and the volumetric flow rate of the
discharge gas. The discharge gas from the absorber may safely be assumed
to be saturated with water vapor.
3. A dehumidification unit in a large factory draws in moist air at 500 lb/h.
Moist air enters the unit at a temperature of 82.5 ℉ and a wet-bulb
temperature of 75℉. The exit stream of the unit is 60.8℉ and saturated with
water. Determine the amount of water (in lb/h) condensed in the
dehumidifier.

can be determined psychometric chart. Locating the appropriate


intersection of T and Twb for the inlet conditions
4. The following data was obtained during a rotary dryer experiment:

Pressure – 29.92 in Hg Feed time – 5.11 min


Inlet air temperature (dry-bulb) – 74℉ Exit air temperature (wet-bulb) – 67F
Air flow rate – 210 ft/min Dryer diameter – 4.0
Inlet air temperature (wet-bulb) – 61℉ in Inlet solids temperature – 182℉
Mass of feed – 29.8 g Dryer length – 18.75 in
Exit air temperature (dry-bulb) – 90F Exit solids temperature – 123℉

Calculate the drying rate, dm/dt.


Psychrometric chart—low temperatures. Barometric pressure, 29.92 in Hg.
Psychrometric chart—high temperatures. Barometric pressure, 29.92 in Hg.
5. A filter cake of calcium carbonate contained in a tray is to be dried by cross-circulation from
the top surface. Each tray is 2.5 cm high with an area of 1.5 m2 and is completely filled with
73 kg of wet filter cake having a water content of 30% on the dry basis. The heating medium
is air at 1 atm and 170°F with a relative humidity of 10%. The average velocity of the air
passing across the wet solid is 4 m/s. Estimate the time in hours to reach the experimentally
determined, critical-moisture content (end of the constant-rate period) of 10% on the dry basis,
if the preheat period is neglected.( please refer to Seader and Henley, Chapter 18; It is solved
example )

6. Dr. Ethyl Ester, an organic chemistry professor performed a flash distillation


experiment for her students. A 10 kmol/h liquid feed mixture consisted of 20
mol% ethanol and 80 mol% water at 1 atm. While the professor was able to
determine that 30 mol% of the feed vaporized in a small flash drum, she
lacked the equipment to measure the liquid and vapor compositions.
Therefore, she needed a chemical engineering student to determine the liquid
and vapor compositions, as well as the percent ethanol recovery in the vapor
stream. Assume, you are the student whom the professor talked to for this
job. Use equilibrium data for the ethanol/water system were calculated via
the Wilson equation at 1 atm, and an x, y diagram is provided in Figure below

Fig. 1. Ethanol/Water equilibrium diagram (via Wilson equation, 1 atm.).

Superimposed on Figure 1 is the y=x line. The describing equation for the
operating line is obtained from material balance
The slope of the operating line may be obtained directly from

From material balance,

The y-intercept is calculated in a similar fashion

The operating line also appears on the plot. The ethanol liquid and vapor
compositions which result from the flash are found from the intersection of the
operating line and equilibrium curve:
Now that the liquid and vapor stream compositions are fixed, the liquid and
vapor flow rates may be determined by solving the following Equations
simultaneously:

Substituting

into Equation

and substituting mole fractions for ethanol

Therefore, 63.8% (by mole) of the ethanol feed is recovered in the vapor
product.

7. A chemical manufacturer plans to use methanol as a key solvent in a new


batch production process. After conducting an economic analysis, the plant
manager has determined that it may be cost effective to use existing
equipment to separate methanol from a process water stream which is
currently part of another process in the plant. His calculations indicate that
the existing equipment can handle a charge of 150 lbmol of aqueous stream
which could have a maximum of 75 mol% methanol. The distillate collected
must be at least 85% pure in order to be fed directly to the main reactor of
the new process. However, he needs to know how much methanol can be
recovered from the methanol/water mixture, as well as the amount and
concentration of the material (residue) remaining in the tank. Perform the
integration found in the Raleigh equation using Simpson’s three-point rule.
Equilibrium data for the methanol/water mixture is provided in Table 1 and
give him your expertise

Write the Rayleigh equation for simple batch distillation, as described in the lecture

As described in the previous example, plot 1/(y*- x) vs. x as shown in Figure


below. Also, one may obtain a regression equation for the data and integrate to
find the area under the curve. Alternatively, one may use Simpson’s rule by
guessing a value for xW, final and calculating the area. Both procedures require
trial and error.

Setting the initial methanol mole fraction to 75%,

xF= 0:75
and guess
xW, final = 0:59
8. A liquid mixture of benzene and toluene is being distilled in a fractionating
column at 101.3 k Pa pressure. The feed of 100 kmole/h is liquid and it contains
45 mole % benzene (A) and 55 mole% toluene (B) and enters at 328 K. A distillate
containing 95 mole % benzene and 5 mole% toluene and a bottoms containing
10 mole% benzene and 90 mole% toluene are to be obtained. The amount of
liquid is fed back to the column at the top is 4 times the distillate product. The
average heat capacity of the feed stream is 159 KJ/kg mole. K and the average
latent heat of 32099 kJ/kg moles. Use equilibrium data given in table below

Compute

a. Molar flow rate of distillate and bottom product


b. Number of theoretical stages at the operating reflux.
c. The minimum no. of theoretical stages required at total reflux
d. If the actual number of stage is 10, what is the overall efficiency
increased at operating condition compared to the condition of total
reflux?

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