PHYSICS

PAPER – 1
(THEORY)
(Maximum Marks: 70)
(Time allowed: Three hours)
(Candidates are allowed additional 15 minutes for only reading the paper.
They must NOT start writing during this time.)
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All questions are compulsory.
This question paper is divided into 4 Sections, A, B, C and D as follows:
Section A
Question number 1 is of twelve marks. All parts of this question are compulsory.
Section B
Question numbers 2 to 12 carry 2 marks each with two questions having internal choice.
Section C
Question numbers 13 to 19 carry 3 marks each with two questions having internal choice.
Section D
Question numbers 20 to 22 are long-answer type questions and carry 5 marks each. Each
question has an internal choice.
The intended marks for questions are given in brackets [ ].
All working, including rough work, should be done on the same sheet as and adjacent to
the rest of the answer.
Answers to sub parts of the same question must be given in one place only. A list of useful
physical constants is given at the end of this paper.
A simple scientific calculator without a programmable memory may be used for
calculations.

SECTION A
Answer all questions.
Question 1
(A) Choose the correct alternative (a), (b), (c) or (d) for each of the questions given
below: [5×1]
(i) Which of the following pair has same dimensions?
(a) force and work
(b) torque and force
(c) torque and work
(d) force and power
 (ii) Study of variation in volume of gas due to a variation in pressure at constant
temperature is done by
(a) Charles’s law
(b) Gay Lussac’s law
(c) Avogadro’s law
(d) Boyle’s law
(iii) In an isothermal process that remains constant is
(a) Heat content
(b) Temperature
(c) Both of the above
(d) None of the above
(iv) A piece of ice is dropped in a glass containing kerosene. When ice melts, the
level of kerosene
(a) rise
(b) remains unchanged
(c) falls
(d) None of the above

(v) A particle is executing S.H.M. along a straight line with an amplitude a. The
potential energy is maximum when the displacement is
(a) a
(b) zero
(c) a/2
(d) - a/4

(B) Answer the following questions briefly and to the point: [7×1]

(i) Write dimensions of surface tension

(ii) The velocity of a train increases uniformly from 20 km/h to 60
km/h in 4 hours. Find the distance travelled by the train during
this period
(iii) Define conservative force
(iv) Why do the machine parts get jammed in winter?
(v) State factors on which moment of inertia depends
(vi) Write any one application of elasticity
(vii) What is equation of state?
Solution 1:
A.

(i) (c) Torque and work

(ii) (d) Boyle’s law

(iii) (b) Temperature

(iv) (c) falls

(v) (a) a

B.
(i) Dimensions of surface tension are M1 L0 T – 2

(ii) u = 20 km/h, v = 60 km/h

𝑣+𝑢
Average velocity = = 40 km/h
2
Time = 4 hours
Distance travelled = 40 x 4 = 160 km

(iii) A force is said to be conservative if the work done by the force on a particle that moves
through any round trip is zero.

(iv) In winters, the coefficient of viscosity of liquid increases due to fall in temperature. That is
why the machine parts get jammed

(v) Moment of inertia depends on two factors, mass of the body and distribution of mass about
the axis of rotation.

(vi) One application of elasticity is in shaping of girders.

(vii) A relation between the values of any of the three thermodynamic variables for the system
is called its equation of state.

SECTION B
Answer all questions.

Question 2 [2]
Write two uses of dimensional analysis.

Solution:
Two uses of dimensional analysis are
(i) To check the correctness of a given relation and
(ii) To derive a relation between various physical quantities
 Question 3 [2]
When two protons are brought closer to each other, what happens to their potential
energy and why?
Solution:
Both the protons are positively charged and have a tendency to repel each other. To bring them
closer we shall have to do work on the system. This will result in the increase in potential energy
of the system

Question 4 [2]
A force F is given by F = at + bt2, where t is time. What are the dimensions of a and b?
Solution:

F = at + bt2
at = M1L1T- 2
a = M1L1T-3
In the same way
bt2 = M1L1T- 2
b = M1L1T-4

Question 5 [2]
(a) An electron and a proton have their masses in the ratio 1 : 1840.
What will be the ratio of their kinetic energy if they have equal
momenta?
OR
(b) A body possessing an initial velocity of v m/s is stopped by force equal
to its weight. Calculate the distance with in which it will be stopped.
Solution:

(a) me ve = mp vp
𝑣𝑒 𝑚 1840
= 𝑝=
𝑣𝑝 𝑚𝑒 1
1
𝐾𝑒 𝑚
2 𝑒 𝑣𝑒2 1
= 1 = × 1840 × 1840 = 1840
𝐾𝑃 𝑚 𝑣𝑝2 1840
2 𝑝
OR

(b) Initial kinetic energy = ½ mv2

Opposing force, F = mg
Let S = distance moved by the body before coming to rest
So, W = FS = mgS
According to work energy theorem
mg S = ½ mv2
𝑣2
S=
2𝑔
 Question 6 [2]
Find the horizontal force required to move a body weighing 200 kg on a
rough horizontal surface having coefficient of friction 0.35
Solution:
M = 200 kg, 𝜇 = 0.35
F=𝜇𝑅
R = Mg, So F = 𝜇 𝑀𝑔
F = 0.35 x 200 x 9.8 = 686 N

Question 7 [2]
Write two applications of Kirchhoff’s law
Solution:
Two applications of Kirchhoff’s law are
(a) A black spot on a polished metal surface shines when hot
(b) Explanation of Fraunhofer lines

Question 8 [2]
Define escape velocity and calculate value of velocity given to a body so that it permanently
escapes earth’s gravitational field
Solution:

Escape velocity is defined as the least velocity with which a body must be projected vertically
upward so that it may just escape the gravitational pull of earth

v e = √2𝑔𝑅 = √2 × 9.8 × 6.4 × 106 = 11.2 km/s

Question 9 [2]
(a) Why do we plough our lands?
OR
What happens when a capillary tube, of insufficient length, is dipped in liquid?

Solution:
(a) If land is not ploughed, the distance between two particles of earth is very small.
Thus, it can be treated as a capillary tube, water from below the surface of earth rises up by
the action of capillary and gets lost due to evaporation. We plough our lands to avoid the loss of
moisture due to capillarity action

OR

(b) Water never overflows through the tube; however small the length of capillary tube may be.
Before overflowing the surface of liquid tends to become plane. This result in an increase of 𝜃,
thereby decreasing cos 𝜃. Height h of a liquid in capillary tube is
2 𝑇 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃
h= ,
𝑟𝜌𝑔
Value of 𝜃 is adjusted in accordance with the available height of tube but the liquid never
overflows

Question 10 [2]

Two particles A and B undergo vibrations in S.H.M. A pass through the mean position in
positive direction while B passes in negative direction at t = 0. How are their displacement
represented mathematically
Solution:

Displacement of a particle vibrating in S.H.M. is given by

y = r sin (w t + ∅)
For particle A, ∅ = 0
So, y = r sin (w t + 0)
or, y = r sin wt
For particle B, ∅ = 𝜋
y = r sin (w t + 𝜋)
Or, y = - r sin w t

Question 11 [2]
Write two characteristics of a wave motion.
Solution:
Two characteristics of wave motion are:
(a) The disturbance that travels through the medium is due to the repeated periodic
motion of the particles of the medium
(b) Energy is always carried in the direction of propagation of wave

Question 12 [2]

A system absorbs 2 kilo calorie of heat and at the same time does 500 joules of work. Calculate the
change in internal energy of the system.
Solution:

d Q = 2000 cal = 2000 x 4.2 = 8400 joules

d W = 500 joules
From First law of Thermodynamics
dQ=dU+dW
d U = d Q – d W = 8400 – 500
= 7900 joules
 SECTION C
Answer all questions.

Question 13 [3]
(a) A stone is dropped from the top of a cliff and is found to travel 14.7 m in the last second
before it reaches the ground. Find the height of the cliff. g = 9.8 m/s2
OR
(b) A chain of length L has some of its portion hanging vertically downward over the
edge of a table of coefficient of friction 𝝁. Find the greatest length of the chain that
can hang without slipping
Solution:
(a) Let n = number of seconds taken by the stone to reach the ground
Displacement covered in nth second = - 14.7 m
v0 + a/2 (2n – 1) = - 14.7
v0 = 0 and g = - 9.8 m/s2
So, - 9.8/2 (2n – 1) = - 14. 7
2n – 1 = 3
2n = 4
n = 2 seconds
h = ½ gt2
h = ½ (9.8) (2)2 = 19.6 m
OR

Let x be the maximum length of chain which hangs without slipping

Weight of chain of length x = x𝜌𝑔
where 𝜌 = linear density of the chain
Length of chain on the table = (L – x )
Weight of chain on the table = (L – x) 𝜌𝑔
So, Force of limiting friction = 𝜇 (L – x) 𝜌𝑔
When chain is on the verge of sliding
𝜇 (L – x) 𝜌𝑔 = x𝜌𝑔
Or, 𝜇 (L – x) = x
𝜇 L = x (1 + 𝜇)
𝜇𝐿
x=
1+ 𝜇

Question 14 [3]
Find scalar product of vectors 2i + 5k and 3j + 4k

Solution:
Scalar product = (2i + 5k). (3j + 4k)
= (2i + 0j + 5k). (0i + 3j + 4k)
= 0 + 0 + 20
= 20
Question 15 [3]
The radius of earth’s orbit is 1.5 x 10 km and that of Mars is 2.5 x 10 m. In how many years does the
8 11

Mars complete one revolution?

Solution:
R1 = 1.5 x 108 km = 1.5 x 1011 m
R2 = 2.5 x 1011 m
T1 = 1 year, T2 =?
According to Kepler’s third law
𝑇12 𝑅13
=
𝑇22 𝑅23
2
T2 = 2.152 year

Question 16 [3]
Calculate the efficiency of a Carnot engine which works between the limits 227 ° 𝑪 and 27° 𝑪
Solution:

T1 = 227 + 273 = 500 K

T2 = 273 + 27 = 300 K
𝑇
𝜂 =1− 2
𝑇1
300
=1-
500
3 2
=1- =
5 5
2
η= × 100 = 40%
5

Question 17 [3]
Obtain a relation between particle velocity and wave velocity in S.H.M.
Solution:
Equation of simple harmonic motion is given by
2𝜋
y = r sin ( (𝑣𝑡 ± 𝑥)
𝜆
Let V be the particle velocity at any instant of time
𝑑𝑦 𝑑 2𝜋
V = = (𝑟 sin (𝑣𝑡 ± 𝑥)
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝜆
2𝜋 𝑑 2𝜋
= r cos (𝑣𝑡 ± 𝑥) ( (𝑣𝑡 ± 𝑥))
𝜆 𝑑𝑡 𝜆
2𝜋𝑟 2𝜋
= 𝑣 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝑣𝑡 ± 𝑥)
𝜆 𝜆
2𝜋 2 𝜋𝑟
Presence of factor cos (𝑣𝑡 ± 𝑥) indicates that particle velocity varies between 0 and 𝑣
𝜆 𝜆
Particle velocity is variable being maximum in the mean position and zero at the extreme
position, while wave velocity v is uniform

Question 18 [3]
A cricket ball is hit at 45° to the horizontal with a kinetic energy ‘K’. What will be its
kinetic energy at the highest point?
Solution:
Let v = velocity of projection of cricket ball
K = ½ mv2
Resolve v into two components
 𝑣
(i) v cos 45°= along horizontal
√2
𝑣
(ii) v sin 45° = along vertical
√2
At the highest point, the body possesses only the horizontal component. Its
K.E. at the highest point is
𝑣
K h = ½ m ( )2
√2
= ½ . ½ mv2
=½K

Question 19 [3]
State law of equipartition of energy and derive its mathematical form.
Solution:
In any dynamical system, in thermal equilibrium, the total energy is divided equally among all
the degrees of freedom and energy per molecule per degree of freedom is ½ Kt
Consider a gas of monoatomic molecules. The molecule possesses only translator motion. As the
molecules collide against each other the number of collisions suffered by each molecule is of the
order of one billion. As a result of this large number of collisions per second, the components of
velocity of the molecule become equal to each other
So, vx = vy = vz
Or
½ mvx2 = ½ mvy2 = ½ mvz2 = E where E is the kinetic energy per molecule per degree of
freedom
K.E. per molecule = ½ mvx2 + ½ mvy2 + ½ mvz2
= E + E + E = 3E
Also, Kinetic energy per molecule = 3/2 KT, where k is Boltzmann constant
Or, 3E = 3/2 k T
E = ½ kT

Question 20 [5]
(a) (i) A policeman fires, at constant interval, on a thief running away. If the
velocity of the policeman is twice the velocity of thief, what will happen to the
time interval between the two shots as heard by the thief
(ii) A broadcasting station radiates at a frequency 710 k Hz. What is the
wavelength in metre? Given the velocity of waves = 3 x 108 m/s
OR
(b)
(i) Prove that steel is more elastic than rubber
(ii) State Hooke’s law
(iii) Define volumetric strain
Solution:

(a)
(i) Here the source (velocity a) and the listener (velocity b) are moving in the same
direction. Apparent frequency n’ is given by
 𝑉−𝑏
n’ = ( ) 𝑛
𝑉−𝑎
Here a = 2b where a and b are the velocities of police man and thief
respectively
𝑉−𝑏
n’ = ( )𝑛
𝑉−2𝑏
Or, n’ > n
Hence T’ < T
The thief will hear the shots at lesser intervals
(ii) n = 710 k Hz = 710 x 103 Hz
v = 3 x 108 m/s
v=nλ
3 x 108 = 710 x 103 x λ
λ = 422.5 m
OR
(b)
(i) A substance which has greater co efficient of elasticity is said to be more
elastic.
Consider two wires A and B having same length and area of cross section and
suspended from a rigid support. Wire A is made up of steel while B is made
up of rubber. Let the two wires be loaded with same load mg. Let ls and lr be
the extension produced in two wires.
𝐹𝐿
For steel, Ys =
𝑎𝑙𝑠
𝐹𝐿
For rubber, Y r =
𝑎𝑙𝑟
Since ls < lr so Ys > Yr
Hence steel is more elastic than rubber
(ii) Hooke’s law states that, within elastic limits, stress developed with in a body is proportional
to strain produced in it.
(iii) Volumetric strain is defined as the ratio between changes in volume to original volume.

Question 21 [5]
(a) (i) Find the horizontal force required to move a body weighing 200 kg on a rough
horizontal surface having co – efficient of friction 0.35
(ii) A force of 3 kg – wt is just sufficient to pull a block of 4 kg – wt over a flat surface.
What is the angle of friction?
OR
(b) (i) A bigger drop is broken into a large number of smaller drops. Is the process
exothermic or endothermic?
(ii) Why are the smaller mercury drops spherical while the longer ones are not so?

Solution:
(a)
(i) M = 200 kg, 𝜇 = 0.35
F=𝜇R
But R = Mg
F = 𝜇 Mg
 = 0.35 x 200 x 9.8
= 686 N
= 70 kg – wt
(ii) F = 3 kg – wt, R = 4 kg – wt
𝐹 3
𝜇 = = = 0.75
𝑅 4
Let 𝜃 be angle of friction
𝜇 = tan 𝜃
tan 𝜃 = 0.75
𝜃 = 36° 52’
OR
(b)
(i) Let big drop of radius R be broken up into n3 number of smaller drops of
radius r
Since both volumes are same
4 4
𝜋𝑅3 = n3 𝜋𝑟 3
3 3
Or, R3 = n3r3
Or, R = nr
Let A1 and A2 be total surface area of the system before and after the
breaking
A1 = 4𝜋R2 = 4𝜋(nr)2
(ii) A1 = n2 x 4𝜋r2
A2 = n3 x 4𝜋r2
It is clear that A2 > A1
Thus, breaking of a bigger drop into smaller ones results in an increase insurface area. This
tendency is against the property of surface tension. Therefore, some energy has to be spent in
doing so, hence the process is endothermic.

(ii) Surface tension tends to make the surface area of the liquid minimum by making it
spherical. In case of smaller drops, the force of surface tension dominates the weight and makes
it spherical. In larger drops the weight dominates the surface tension. Therefore, it gets distorted.

Question 22 [5]
(a) (i) What are the different ways in which a stretched string can be set up in to vibrations?
(ii) State Doppler’s effect
OR
(b) (i) Write three practical applications of thermal conduction
(ii) How many beats are there in one vibration?
(iii) Does the time period of a particle vibrating in S.H.M. depend upon its displacement?
Solution:
(a)
(i) There are three ways in which a stretched string can be set up in vibrations:
By plucking, by striking and by bowing
(ii) The phenomenon by which there is an apparent change in the pitch of a note,
due to the relative motion between the source and the listener is called
Doppler’s effect
 OR
(b)
(i) Three practical applications are:
Action of woollen clothes, Double walled ice houses of Eskimos and action of
thermos flask
(ii) Two
(iii) No