1.

a)
The given while loop will not execute at all. The initial value of i is 1, and the condition
for the while loop is i > 10. Since 1 is not greater than 10, the loop body will not be
executed.

Therefore, the loop body will not be repeated, and there won't be any printout.

b)3
5
7
9

2.The key differences between a while loop and a do-while loop are:
● A while loop checks the condition first before executing the body, whereas a do-
while loop executes the body first before checking the condition.
● A do-while loop is guaranteed to execute at least once, but a while loop may not
run at all if the condition is initially false.
3.This conversion is not allowed in Java. The boolean type cannot be directly cast to int.

1, YES, if both sum is intially 0 both will output will be same which is 45 whether it is
post-increment and pre-increment
2.The three parts of a for loop control are:
● Initialization (e.g. int i = 0;)
● Condition (e.g. i < 10;)
● Increment/decrement (e.g. i++)
Here is an example for loop printing 1 to 100:
for (int i = 1; i <= 100; i++) {
System.out.println(i);
}
3.
The provided for loop is an infinite loop. It lacks the initialization, condition, and
increment/decrement expressions in the loop control. In this form, the loop will continue
indefinitely, repeatedly executing the statements within the loop body.

**4.** If a variable is declared in the for loop control, it is typically scoped to the loop
itself. Therefore, it cannot be directly accessed outside the loop once it exits. If you
need the variable's value after the loop, you should declare it outside the loop.

**5.** Yes, you can convert a for loop to a while loop. The advantage of using for loops
is that they provide a concise syntax for loop control, incorporating initialization,
condition checking, and iteration in a single line. This can make the code more readable
and less error-prone.

**6.** Here's the conversion of the given for loop to both a while loop and a do-while
loop:

```java
// Original for loop
long sum = 0;
for (int i = 0; i <= 1000; i++)
sum = sum + i;

// Converted while loop

long sumWhile = 0;
int iWhile = 0;
while (iWhile <= 1000) {
sumWhile = sumWhile + iWhile;
iWhile++;
}

// Converted do-while loop

long sumDoWhile = 0;
int iDoWhile = 0;
do {
sumDoWhile = sumDoWhile + iDoWhile;
iDoWhile++;
} while (iDoWhile <= 1000);
```
7.The `break` keyword is used in Java to terminate the execution of a loop prematurely.
It is often used within conditional statements to exit a loop based on a specific
condition.

The `continue` keyword, on the other hand, is used to skip the rest of the loop's code
and move to the next iteration.

a. There is a redeclaration of the variable `balance` after the `System.out.println`

statement. In Java, you cannot declare the same variable more than once in the same
scope. Since the program has a compilation error, it won't terminate successfully. If you
want a specific output, you may need to address the compilation issues.
b. The error in the code is that the variable `balance` is not declared or initialized before
its use. To resolve this, you need to declare and initialize `balance` before the while
loop.
Yes, you can generally convert a `while` loop into a `for` loop. The structure of a `for`
loop provides a more concise way to express loop initialization, condition, and iteration.
Here's the conversion of the given `while` loop into a `for` loop:

```java
int sum = 0;

// Original while loop

int i = 1;
while (sum < 10000) {
sum = sum + i;
i++;
}

// Converted for loop

int sumFor = 0;
for (int iFor = 1; sumFor < 10000; iFor++) {
sumFor = sumFor + iFor;
}
```

8. Yes, you can generally convert a `while` loop into a `for` loop. The structure of a `for`
loop provides a more concise way to express loop initialization, condition, and iteration.
Here's the conversion of the given `while` loop into a `for` loop:

```java
int sum = 0;

// Original while loop

int i = 1;
while (sum < 10000) {
sum = sum + i;
i++;
}
// Converted for loop
int sumFor = 0;
for (int iFor = 1; sumFor < 10000; iFor++) {
sumFor = sumFor + iFor;
}
```
9.The corrected while loop has a couple of issues:

1. **Incrementing `i` After `continue`:** In the while loop, the `i++` statement comes
after the `continue` statement. This will lead to an infinite loop if `i` is divisible by 3
because the increment won't happen in that case, and the loop will keep repeating with
the same value of `i`.

Here's the corrected version considering the above issues:

```java

while (i < 4) {
if (i % 3 == 0) {
i++; // Increment should be before 'continue'
continue;
}
sum += i;
i++;
}
}
}
```
**10. After the break outer statement is executed:**
In the provided code, the `break outer;` statement will exit the outer loop labeled `outer`.
After this statement is executed, the control will move to the next statement after the
outer loop, which is the statement immediately following the inner loop. In this case, it's
the closing brace (`}`) that corresponds to the inner loop.

**11. After the continue outer statement is executed:**

The `continue outer;` statement will skip the rest of the inner loop and continue with the
next iteration of the outer loop. After this statement is executed, the control will move to
the next iteration of the outer loop, skipping any statements following the `continue
outer;` within the inner loop.
**12. Identify and fix the errors in the following code:**
Here are the identified errors in the code:

- The `main` method signature should be `public static void main(String[] args)`.
- The variable `i` is declared within the `for` loop and is not accessible outside it.
- The semicolon at the end of the `for` loop at line 3 terminates the loop, making the
subsequent code (line 4) outside the loop scope.
- The semicolon after the `if (i < j)` condition terminates the statement, causing the
following block to execute unconditionally.
- The `while` loop at line 11 has an empty body and ends with a semicolon, making it an
infinite loop.

Here is the corrected code:

```java
public class Test {
public static void main(String[] args) {
int sum = 0; // Assuming 'sum' is declared and initialized before use
int j = 0; // Assuming 'j' is declared and initialized before use

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

sum += i;

if (i < j) {
System.out.println(i);
} else {
System.out.println(j);
}
}

while (j < 10) {

j++;
}

do {
j++;
} while (j < 10);
}
}
```
13.
a,The provided code has a compilation error because the variable `i` is not initialized
before it is used in the `System.out.println(i+4);` statement. In Java, local variables must
be initialized before they are used. Here's a corrected version with the initialization of `i`:

The provided code has a compilation error because the variable `i` is declared inside the
`for` loop, making it out of scope when trying to use it in the `System.out.println(i+4);`
statement. The scope of `i` is limited to the block of the `for` loop.

Here's a corrected version where `i` is declared outside the `for` loop, making it
accessible in the `println` statement:

```java
class HelloWorld {
public static void main(String args[]) {
int i; // Declare i outside the loop
for (i = 0; i < 10; i++);
System.out.println(i + 4);
}
}
```

In this corrected version, `i` is declared outside the loop, making it accessible in the
`println` statement.

**Q1:** Why was there a compilation error in the original code, and how does declaring
`i` outside the loop address this issue?
**Q2:** In what situations might you intentionally declare a variable inside or outside a
loop based on your programming needs?
**Q3:** How would you modify the code if you wanted to initialize `i` to a specific value
before the loop?