NCERT Exemplar Class 7 Science

Solutions Chapter 1 Nutrition in Plants

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Organisms which prepare food for themselves using simple naturally available
raw materials are referred to as
(a) heterotrophs
(b) autotrophs
(c) parasites
(d) saprophytes.
Solution:
(b) Autotrophs are those organisms which are able to prepare their own food
by the process of photosynthesis, e.g., green plants. Photosynthesis (Gk
photos – light, synthesis) is an enzyme regulated anabolic process of
manufacturing of organic compounds inside the chlorophyll containing cells
from carbon dioxide and water with the help of sunlight as a source of energy.

Question 2.
In the absence of which of the following, will photosynthesis not occur in
leaves?
(a) Guard cells
(b) Chlorophyll
(c) Vacuole
(d) Space between cells
Solution:
(b) Chlorophyll is the green photosynthetic pigment, which is present in the
cells of green leaves. It traps solar energy. This energy is then used to
synthesise food from Co2 and water by the process of photosynthesis.

Question 3.
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(i) All green plants can prepare their own food.
(ii) Most animals are autotrophs.
(iii) Carbon dioxide is not required for photosynthesis.
(iv) Oxygen is liberated during photosynthesis.
Choose the correct answer from the options below.
(a) (i) and (iv)
(b) (ii) only
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (ii)
Solution:
(a) Animals cannot manufacture their own food so they are heterotrophs, not
autotrophs.
Carbon dioxide is a raw material for photosynthesis. In the process of
photosynthesis, plants manufacture organic compounds, inside the
chlorophyll containing cells from carbon dioxide and water with the help of
solar energy. So, Co2 is essential for photosynthesis.

Question 4.
Pitcher plant traps insects because it
(a) is a heterotroph
(b) grows in soils which lack in nitrogen
(c) does not have chlorophyll
(d) has a digestive system like human beings.
Solution:
(b) Pitcher plant (Nepenthes) is an insectivorous plant. It grows in the soils
that are usually nitrogen-deficient. It is capable of photosynthesising and
manufactures its carbohydrate food. But in order to obtain its nitrogen nutrition
it traps and digests insects.

Question 5.
The term that is used for the mode of nutrition in yeast, mushroom and bread
mould is
(a) autotrophic
(b) insectivorous
(c) saprophytic
(d) parasitic.
Solution:
(c) Bread mould, yeast and mushroom are all fungi that derive their food from
non¬living organic matter. They secrete digestive juices on organic matter
which aid in its extracellular digestion and convert it into soluble form. Then
they absorb this simplified soluble form of food through their body. This
method of getting nutrients in the form of simple soluble form (liquid) is known
as saprophytic nutrition.

Question 6.
When we observe the lower surface of a leaf through a magnifying lens we
see numerous small openings. Which of the following is the term given to
such openings?
(a) Stomata
(b) Lamina
(c) Midrib
(d) Veins
Solution:
(a) Lamina is the green expanded part of the leaf with veins and veinlets.
Midrib is middle prominent vein. Veins provide rigidity to leaf and act as
channels for transport of water, minerals and food materials. Stomata are the
minute pores usually located on the underside of the leaves and take part in
exchange of gases (02 and C02) during photosynthesis and respiration. They
are surrounded by guard cells.

Question 7.
Two organisms are good friends and live together. One provides shelter,
water and nutrients while the other prepares and provides food. Such an
association of organisms is termed as
(a) saprophyte
(b) parasite
(c) autotroph
(d) symbiosis.
Solution:
(d) Symbiosis is a special association where two different organisms live
together and are mutually benefited. E.g., lichen is a symbiotic association
between algae and fungus where fungal partner provides water, minerals and
shelter to algal partner and algal partner provides nutrition (food) to fungal
partner.

Question 8.
Which of the foliowing raw materials is available in the air for photosynthesis?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Carbon dioxide
(c) Nitrogen
(d) Hydrogen
Solution:
(b) Carbon dioxide is the raw material for photosynthesis which is present in
air. Photosynthesis is an enzyme regulated anabolic process of manufacture
of organic compounds inside the chlorophyll containing cells from carbon
dioxide and water with the help of sunlight as a source of energy.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 9.
Potato and ginger are both underground parts that store food. Where is the
food prepared in these plants?
Solution:
In potato and ginger plants, leaves are above ground whereas underground
stems store the reserve food material. The leaves prepare food through
photosynthesis and transport it to the underground parts for storage.

Question 10.
Photosynthesis requires chlorophyll, and a few other raw materials. Add the
missing raw materials to the list given below:
Water, minerals, __ (a)___,___(b)___
Solution:
(a) Sunlight energy
(b) Carbon dioxide

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 11.
A goat eats away all the leaves of a small plant (balsam). However, in a few
days, new leaves could be seen sprouting in the plant again. How did the
plant survive without leaves?
Solution:
Balsam is a small herbaceous plant. It has green stems which can carry out
photosynthesis. Hence, even in the absence of leaves balsam plant could
survive due to its photosynthesising stems.

Question 12.
Unscramble the following to form terms related to modes of nutrition.
(i) RASPAEIT
(ii) ROPEHYTSAP
(iii) TOROPHAUT
(iv) SIBIOMSYS
Solution:
(i) Parasite
(ii) Saprophyte
(iii) Autotroph
(iv) Symbiosis

Question 13.
Nitrogen is an essential nutrient for plant growth. But farmers who cultivate
pulse crops like green gram, bengal gram, black gram, etc. do not apply
nitrogenous fertilisers during cultivation. Why?
Solution:
Pulse crops like green gram, bengal gram, black gram etc., are the
leguminous crops which have symbiotic association with Rhizobium bacteria.
Rhizobium converts the atmospheric nitrogen into a soluble form (nitrogen
fixation) in the soil. Plants absorb this soluble form of nitrogen from the soil.
Thus, growing of leguminous crops helps to enrich soil with nitrogen and there
is no need to apply nitrogenous fertilisers to the leguminous crops.

Question 14.
Wheat dough if left in the open, after few days, starts to emit a foul smell and
becomes unfit for use. Give reason.
Solution:
Carbohydrate in wheat dough encourages growth of yeast and other
saprophytic fungi which breakdown carbohydrates and emit a foul smell.

Question 15.
Sunlight, chlorophyll, carbon dioxide, water and minerals are raw materials
essential for photosynthesis. Do you know where they are available? Fill in
the blanks with the appropriate raw ipaterials.
(a) Available in the plant: _______
(b) Available in the soil : ________
(c) Available in the air: _________
(d) Available during day: ________
Solution:
(a) Chlorophy II
(b) Water, minerals
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) Sunlight

Question 16.
Observe the diagram given as figure 1.1 and label the following terms given in
the box.
[Stomatal opening, Guard cell]

Solution:
The labelled diagram is as follows:

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 17.
Match the organisms given in column I with their mode of nutrition given in
column II.
 Column 1 Column II

(a) Mango tree (i) Insectivorous plant

(b) Mushroom (ii) Heterotroph

(c) Pitcher plant (iii) Autotroph

(d) Cuscuta (iv) Saprophyte

(e) Elephant (v) Parasitic

Solution:
(a) (iii)
(b) (iv)
(c) (i)
(d) (v)
(e) (ii)

Question 18.
Wild animals like tiger, wolf, lion and leopard do not eat plants. Does this
mean that they can survive without plants? Can you provide a suitable
explanation?
Solution:
Wild animals like tiger, wolf, lion and leopard do not eat plants. They are
carnivorous i.e., they hunt and eat animals which can be herbivorous or
carnivorous. Herbivorous animals obtain their food directly from plants i.e.,
they eat plants or plant products. If there are no plants, herbivorous animals
will not survive and thus carnivorous animals feeding on them will also not
survive. It implies that all the animals depend on plants directly or indirectly for
food.

Question 19.
Fill in the blanks of the paragraph given below with the words provided in the
box.
[ Chlorophyll, Energy, Food, Carbon dioxide. Water, Photosynthesis]
(Note: A word can be used more than once)
Leaves have a green pigment called ____(a)_____ which captures _____(b)
_____ from sunlight. This ______(c)________ is used in the process of
_____(d)_____ and along with other raw materials like ______ (e) _____ and
____ (f) ______ synthesises ______.
Solution:
(a) chlorophyll
(b) energy
(c) energy
(d) photosynthesis
(e) carbon dioxide
(f) water
(g) food

Question 20.
Spot as many organisms as possible in the puzzle given as figure 1.2 by
encircling them as shown. Write the names on a sheet of paper and
categorise them into autotrophs and heterotrophs. Classify the heterotrophs
into herbivores, carnivores, omnivores and saprophytes.

Solution:
Autotrophs – rose, mango, bhindi, carrot, banyan, tulsi, ginger, yam
Heterotrophs – elephant, ant, yeast, tiger, mushroom, fox, mice, owl, cow,
crow, rabbit, bee, fish, ape
Herbivores – elephant, cow, rabbit, bee
Carnivores – tiger
Omnivores – ant, mice, owl, crow, fox, ape
Saprophytes – mushroom, yeast
Note: Fish can be herbivore, carnivore or omnivore depending on the species.

Question 21.
Can you give me a name?
Solve each of the following riddles by writing the name of the organism and its
mode of nutrition. One riddle is solved to help you.
(a) I am tall but I cannot move. I am green and can prepare my own food.
Tree, autotroph
(b) I live in water; people keep me in an aquarium and feed me. _______ ,
_________
(c) I am small and I can fly. I disturb your sleep, bite you and suck your blood
which is my food. _______ , _________
(d) I am white and soft. I grow well in the rainy seasons. Children pluck me
from the ground and admire me. I absorb nutrients from decomposed dead
parts of plants and animals in the soil. _______ , _________
Solution:
(b) Fish, heterotroph
(c) Mosquito, parasite
(d) Mushroom, saprophyte
NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 7 Science(Physics) Chapter 4 - Heat
Multiple Choice Questions
1. A marble tile would feel cold as compared to a wooden tile on a winter
morning because the marble tile
(a) Is a better conductor of heat than the wooden tile.
(b) Is polished while wooden tile is not polished.
(c) Reflects more heat than wooden tile.
(d) Is a poor conductor of heat than the wooden tile.
Ans: The marble tile would be colder than the wooden tile because the marble
tile is a better conductor of heat as compared to the wooden tile. Hence, the
correct answer is option (a).

2. A beggar wrapped himself with a few layers of newspaper on a cold

winter night. This helped him to keep himself warm because
(a) Friction between the layers of newspaper produces heat.
(b) Air trapped between the layers of newspaper is a bad conductor of heat.
(c) Newspaper is a conductor of heat.
(d) Newspaper is at a higher temperature than the temperature of the
surrounding area.
Ans: The beggar kept himself warm because the air which is trapped between
the layers of the newspaper is a bad conductor of heat. Therefore, the coldness
doesn’t reach his body and he stays warm. Hence, the correct answer is option
(b).

3. Paheli and Boojho measured their body temperature. Paheli found her’s
to be 98.6 °F and Boojho recorded 37°C. Which of the following statements
is true?
(a) Paheli has a higher body temperature than Boojho.
(b) Paheli has a lower body temperature than Boojho.
(c) Both have normal body temperature.
(d) Both are suffering from fever.
Ans: Paheli’s body temperature is measured in Fahrenheit, whereas Boojho’s
body temperature has been measured in the Celsius units. If we convert 37°C
into Fahrenheit units then it will be equal to 98.6 °F which is the ideal human
body temperature. Hence, the correct answer is option (c).

4. Boojho has three thermometers as shown in Figure 4.1. He wants to

measure the temperature of his body and that of boiling water. Which
thermometer(s) should he choose?
(a) Thermometer (i) or (iii) for measuring body temperature and (ii) for
measuring the temperature of boiling water.
(b) Thermometer (i) for measuring temperature of both.
(c) Thermometer (ii) for measuring temperature of both.
(d) Thermometer (iii) for measuring temperature of both.
Ans: Thermometer (i) or (iii) are used for measuring low temperatures such as
the room or body temperature and (ii) for measuring higher temperatures such
as of boiling water. Hence, the correct answer is option (a)

5. Four arrangements to measure temperature of ice in a beaker with

laboratory thermometer are shown in Figure 4.2 (a, b, c and d). Which one
of them shows the correct arrangement for accurate measurement of
temperature?

Figure 4.2
Ans: In figure (a), the thermometer is placed in such a way that its lower end
does not touch the bottom of the beaker and is immersed enough in ice. Hence,
the correct answer is option (a).

6. Fig 4.3 (a–d) shows a student reading a doctor’s thermometer. Which of

the figures indicate the correct method of reading temperature?

Ans: A thermometer should be handled from the top end keeping it horizontally
straight and close to the eyes to measure an accurate reading. Hence, the correct
answer is option (a).

7. Figure 4.4. (a–d) shows the readings on four different thermometers.

Indicate which of the reading shows the normal human body temperature?
Ans: The ideal human body temperature is 37°C in the Celsius units. It is shown
by the third thermometer in the above figure. Hence, the correct answer is
option (c).

Very Short Answer Questions

8. Shopkeepers selling ice blocks usually cover them with jute sacks.
Explain why.
Ans: Jute is a bad conductor of heat and it prevents the ice wrapped inside it
from melting quickly. As a result, ice block sellers frequently wrap them in jute
sacks. Newspapers, saw dust, etc are also used instead of jute to cover ice
sometimes.

9. A laboratory thermometer A is kept 7 cm away on the side of the flame

while a similar thermometer B is kept 7 cm above the flame of a candle as
shown in Figure 4.5.

Which of the thermometers, A or B, will show a greater rise in

temperature? Give reason for your answer.
Ans: The thermometer B will show a higher temperature than the thermometer
A because the air above the candle gets heated up quickly than the air around the
candle. That heated air moves upward and reaches the thermometer B which
then shows a higher temperature.

10. To keep her soup warm Paheli wrapped the container in which it was
kept with a woollen cloth. Can she apply the same method to keep a glass of
cold drink cool? Give reason for your answer.
Ans: Yes, Paheli can use a woollen cloth to wrap around a glass cold drink to
keep it cool because wool is a bad conductor of heat and doesn't let the heat
transfer from the inner atmosphere to the outer atmosphere.

11. In a mercury thermometer, the level of mercury rises when its bulb
comes in contact with a hot object. What is the reason for this rise in the
level of mercury?
Ans: When mercury is heated in a thermometer it gets expanded. After the
expansion, the mercury atoms try to move outwards. Since they can not move
down the thermometer and they find their required space upwards, hence they
rise above in the thermometer.

Short Answer Questions

12. A circular metal loop is heated at point O as shown in Figure 4.6.
(i) In which direction would heat flow in the loop?
Ans: When the metal loop is heated at O, then the heat will flow in the direction
from O to P and O to R at a nearly equal rate.
(ii) In which order the pins at points P, Q and R fixed with the help of wax
fall if points O, P, Q and R are equidistant from each other?
Ans: The pins located at the points R and P will fall almost at the same time and
after that the pin at point Q will fall in the end.

13. In the arrangements A and B shown in Figure 4.7, pins P and Q are fixed
to a metal loop and an iron rod with the help of wax. In which case are both
the pins likely to fall at different times? Explain.

Ans: In the first case A, the metal loop is circular hence the heat flows in two
directions at an equal rate and reaches the point P and Q at the same time so they
are likely to fall at the same time. Whereas in case B, the metal rod is straight and
the heat flows in only one direction hence the heat reaches the point P first and
then at point Q. In that case, P gets heated up earlier and falls before Q.

14. For setting curd, a small amount of curd is added to warm milk. The
microbes present in the curd help in setting if the temperature of the
mixture remains approximately between 35°C to 40°C. At places, where
room temperature remains much below the range, setting of curd becomes
difficult. Suggest a way to set curd in such a situation.
Ans: Due to the lower temperature, the setting of curd can be difficult. Some
ways to set curd in such a situation is to keep the container warm either by
wrapping it with a woollen cloth or by keeping it in a heat resistant container. In
some places, the container is kept on the ashes of firewood to maintain the
required temperature.

15. You may have noticed that a few sharp jerks are given to the clinical
thermometer before using it. Why is it done so?
Ans: Before using a thermometer, few jerks are given in order to measure an
accurate reading of the temperature. The jerks allow the mercury level to flow
into the bulb below the normal temperature.

16. Why is it advised not to hold the thermometer by its bulb while reading
it?
Ans: A thermometer is not advised to hold by its bulb while reading
temperatures because it may affect the actual reading measured by the
thermometer. A thermometer is always advised to hold from its top end.
17. At a campsite there are tents of two shades – one made with black fabric
and the other with white fabric. Which one would you prefer for resting on
a hot summer afternoon? Give reason for your choice. Would you like to
prefer the same tent during winter?
Ans: Black coloured objects are good at the absorption of heat and they do not
reflect much light. Whereas, white coloured objects are not good at absorbing
heat and they reflect light. Hence, a white fabric tent should be considered on a
hot summer to keep the atmosphere cooler. Whereas, a black fabric tent should
be considered for winters to keep the inner atmosphere warmer than the
outside.

18. While constructing a house in a coastal area, in which direction should

the windows preferably face and why?
Ans: In coastal areas, very soothing and cool air flows from the sea to the
direction of the coast. They are known as sea breezes. Hence, in order to keep a
house fully ventilated, the windows of the house must face in the direction of the
sea to keep the house cool and fresh.

19. Observe the picture given as Figure 4.8. Water is being boiled in a pan
of wide base.

(i) Which position P or Q will feel warmer?

Ans: Position Q will feel warmer because when the water gets boiled the air
above the pan will be heated more and earlier than the air around the pan. The
hot air above the pan will move in the upward direction making the above
atmosphere hotter.
(ii) Fill up the boxes P and Q to indicate the mode of flow of heat to the
hand.
Ans: The mode of heat flow at point Q is due to contact between fluids which are
known as convection while the flow of heat at point P is without the actual
contact of molecules which is known as radiation.

20. Look at Figure 4.9.

The length of wire PQ in case of A is equal to the diameter of the semicircle

formed by the wire CDE, in case B. One pin is attached to each wire with the
help of wax as shown in Figure 4.9. Which pin will fall first? Explain.
Ans: The pin which is attached to the wire PQ in case A will fall first because the
flow of heat is along a straight path which is faster than the flow of heat along a
semi-circular path CDE in case B. Hence, the heat will reach to the end of wire PQ
before reaching the end of wire CDE.

Access NCERT Exemplar Solutions for Class 7 Science

(Chemistry) Chapter 6- Physical and Chemical Changes
Multiple Choice Questions
1. Which of the following is a physical change?
(a) Rusting of iron
(b) Combustion of magnesium ribbon
(c) Burning of candle
(d) Melting of wax
Ans: (d) Melting of wax
Explanation: A physical change occurs when the physical form of a
substance changes but not its chemical content. In most cases, physical
alterations can be reversed. Only the conversion of ice into water is an
example of a physical change that can be reversed when we look at the
possibilities provided.

2. Which of the following is a chemical change?

(a) Twinkling of stars
(b) Cooking of vegetables
(c) Cutting of fruits
(d) Boiling of water
Ans: (b) Cooking of vegetables
Explanation: A chemical reaction produces a chemical change. When
matter changes shapes but not chemical identity, this is referred to as
physical transformation. A physical alteration simply impacts physical
properties, such as shape, size, and so on. If the chemical makeup
changes, it is a chemical change; if the chemical composition remains
constant, it is a physical change. Physical changes include the twinkling
of stars, the chopping of fruits, and the boiling of water.

3. A chemical change may involve –

(a) Change in colour only
(b) Change in temperature only
(c) Evolution of gas only
(d) Any or all of the above
Ans: (d) Any or all of the above
Explanation: The chemical change could result in a change in colour,
temperature, or the evolution of a gas, among other things.

4. Which of the following is/are true when milk changes into curd?
(i) Its state is changed from liquid to semi solid.
(ii) It changes colour.
(iii) It changes taste.
(iv) The change cannot be reversed.
Choose the correct option from below :
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct
(b) (ii) and (iii) are correct
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
(d) (i) to (iv) are correct
Ans: (c) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct
Explanation: The physical state of curd differs from that of milk. The
taste of milk and curd is also distinct. The chemical reaction that
converts milk to curd is irreversible.

5. A man painted his main gate made up of iron, to

(i) Prevent it from rusting.
(ii) Protect it from the sun.
(iii) Make it look beautiful.
(iv) Make it dust free.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) only (ii)
(d) (i) and (iii)
Ans: (d) (i) and (iii)
Explanation: It is vital to paint iron to keep it from rusting and to make it
seem nice.

6. Iron pillar near the Qutub Minar in Delhi is famous for the
following facts. Which of these facts is responsible for its long
stability?
(a) It is more than 7 metres high.
(b) It weighs about 6000 kg.
(c) It was built more than 1600 years ago.
(d) It has not rusted after such a long period
Ans: (d) It has not rusted after such a long period
Explanation: The 'iron pillar' is notable for not rusting after such a long
time.

7. Galvanisation is a process used to prevent the rusting of which

of the following?
(a) Iron
(b) Zinc
(c) Aluminium
(d) Copper
Ans: (a) Iron
Explanation: 'Galvanisation' is a process used to keep 'iron' from
rusting. In this technique, we put a layer of 'zinc' to the surface of the
iron.

8. Paheli’s mother made a concentrated sugar syrup by dissolving

sugar in hot water. On cooling, crystals of sugar got separated.
This indicates a –
(a) Physical change that can be reversed.
(b) Chemical change that can be reversed.
(c) Physical change that cannot be reversed.
(d) Chemical change that cannot be reversed.
Ans: (a) physical change that can be reversed.
Explanation: The presented circumstance denotes physical change
that is reversible.

9. Which of the following statements is incorrect for a chemical

reaction?
(a) Heat may be given out but never absorbed.
(b) Sound may be produced.
(c) A colour change may take place.
(d) A gas may be evolved.
Ans: (a) Heat may be given out but never absorbed.
Explanation: Depending on the nature of the reaction, heat can be
given or absorbed in a chemical reaction.

10. Two drops of dilute sulphuric acid were added to 1 g of copper

sulphate powder and then a small amount of hot water was added
to dissolve it (step I). On cooling, beautiful blue coloured crystals
got separated (step II). Step I and step II are:
(a) Physical and chemical changes respectively.
(b) Chemical and physical changes respectively.
(c) Both physical changes.
(d) Both chemicals change.
Ans: (c) Both physical changes.
Explanation: A chemical change occurs when 'copper sulphate
powder' dissolves in water in the presence of 'sulphuric acid.' While
cooling the obtained hot solution, the crystals of 'copper sulphate' will
separate.

Very Short Answer Questions

11. State whether the following statements are true or false:
(a) When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes take
place.
(b) Anaerobic bacteria digest animal waste and produce biogas.
(c) Ships suffer a lot of damage though they are painted.
(d) Stretching of rubber band is not a physical change.
Ans:
(a) The given statement is true.
(b) The given statement is true.
(c) The given statement is true.
(d) The given statement is false. Stretching of a rubber band is a
‘physical change’.

12. Melting of wax is a change where a solid changes to liquid

state. Give one more such change which you observe in your
surroundings.
Ans: When a candle is lit, two things happen at the same time. The first
step is to melt the wax, and the second step is to burn the wax. In these
cases, melting wax is a physical change, whereas burning wax is a
chemical reaction. Because burning causes oxidation of wax, which is a
chemical change. Another example, according to the provided criteria,
is 'Melting of ice.'

13. What kind of change is shown by tearing of paper?

Ans: Paper tearing is a physical change that cannot be undone.

Short Answer Questions

14. Match the items of Column I with the items of Column II.

Column I Column II
a) Large crystals i) Turns lime water milky
b) Depositing a layer of zinc on iron. ii) Physical change
c) Souring of milk iii) Rust
d) Carbon dioxide iv) Sugar candy (mishri)
e) Iron oxide v) Chemical change
f) Dissolving common salt in water vi) Galvanisation

Ans: The arranged table is given below:

Column I Column II
a) Large crystals iv) Sugar candy (mishri)
b) Depositing a layer of zinc on iron. vi) Galvanisation
c) Souring of milk v) Chemical change

d) Carbon dioxide i) Turns lime water milky

e) Iron oxide iii) Rust
f) Dissolving common salt in water ii) Physical change

15. Fill in the blanks in the following statements using the words
given in the box.
rusted, colourful, substance, chemical, physical, reversible, iron
oxide, object
(a) Making sugar solution is a ____________ change.
Ans: Making sugar solution is a physical change.
(b) A physical change is generally____________.
Ans: A physical change is generally reversible.
(c) Grinding of wheat grain changes its size. It is a ____________
change.
Ans: Grinding wheat grain changes its size. It is a physical change.
(d) Iron benches kept in lawns and gardens get____________. It is
a _________ change because a new _________ is formed.
Ans: Iron benches kept in lawns and gardens get rusted. It is a
chemical change because a new substance is formed.

16. Classify the following processes into physical or chemical

changes:
(i) Beating of aluminium metal to make aluminium foil.
(ii) Digestion of food.
(iii) Cutting of a log of wood into pieces.
(iv) Burning of crackers.
Ans:
(i) Beating of aluminium metal to make aluminium foil: Physical change.
(ii) Digestion of food: Chemical change
(iii) Cutting of a log of wood into pieces: Physical change
(iv) Burning of crackers: Chemical change

17. Write word equations for two chemical reactions with the help
of materials given in the box.
Air, copper sulphate, iron, vinegar, iron oxide, carbon dioxide, iron
sulphate, copper, lime water, water
Ans: The reactions are given below:

Iron+Air+water→Ironoxide����+���+�����→�
�������� and
Coppersulphate+Iron→Ironsulphate+copper�����
�����ℎ���+����→��������ℎ���+����
��

18. Explain the following:

(a) Lime water turns milky on passing carbon dioxide gas into it.
Ans: When carbon dioxide gas is introduced into lime water, a white
precipitate of 'calcium carbonate’ is formed. This comment elicited the
following response:
Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide → Calcium carbonate + water
(b) Bubbles are produced when acetic acid is added to a solution
of sodium hydrogen carbonate.
Ans: The chemical interaction between 'acetic acid' and' sodium
hydrogen carbonate' produces 'carbon dioxide.' This comment elicited
the following response:
Sodium hydrogen carbonate + Acetic acid→ Sodium carbonate + water
+ Carbon dioxide

Long Answer Questions

19. Give two examples for each of the following cases:
(a) Physical changes which are reversible.
Ans: Physical changes which are reversible:
i) Melting of ice.
ii) Folding of clothes.
(b) Physical changes which are not reversible.
Ans: Physical changes which are not reversible:
i) Breaking a bottle.
ii) Cutting of trees.
(c) Chemical changes.
Ans: Chemical changes:
i) Burning wood.
ii) Digesting food

20. Give an example of a chemical reaction for each of the

following situations:
(a) A change in colour is observed.
Ans: The chemical reaction between 'copper sulphate' solution and iron
metal results in a colour shift. Because of the creation of iron sulphate,
the blue colour of 'copper sulphate' changes to vivid green in this
chemical reaction. The response is,

Coppersulphate(blue)+Iron(grey)→Ironsulphate(bright/
lightgreen)
+Copper(brown)����������ℎ���(����)
+����(����)→��������ℎ���(����ℎ�/
���ℎ������)+������(�����)
(b) A gas has evolved.
Ans: When 'baking soda' and 'vinegar' are mixed, a chemical reaction
occurs. Following this, bubbles of 'carbon dioxide' gas, combined with
another material, are generated. The response is,

Bakingsoda(Sodiumhydrogencarbonate)
+Vinegar(aceticacid)→Sodiumacetate+Carbondioxide+
water����������(������ℎ����������
������)
+�������(����������)→�����������
��+�������������+�����
(c) Sound is produced.
Ans: Burning crackers also generate a loud sound.

21. If you leave a piece of iron in the open for a few days, it
acquires a film of brownish substance, called rust.
(a) Do you think rust is different from iron?
Ans: Rust is brown dust made up of 'iron oxide.' Rust, on the other
hand, is not the same as iron.
(b) Can you change rust back into iron by some simple method?
Ans: No, rusting is a chemical reaction that is irreversible.
(c) Do you think the formation of rust from iron is a chemical
change?
Ans: In the presence of moisture, iron rusts and combines with oxygen.
This results in the formation of a new chemical known as 'iron oxide.'
Rust is another name for iron oxide.
(d) Give two other examples of a similar type of change.
Ans: The following are two examples:
(i) Production of 'magnesium oxide' by burning' magnesium ribbon'.
(ii) The formation of curd from milk.

22. A student took a solution of copper sulphate in a beaker and

put a clean iron nail into it and left it for about an hour.
(a) What changes do you expect?
Ans: The following are the expected changes based on the supplied
statement:
(i) The colour changes from blue to green.
(ii) A brown colour deposit is discovered on an iron nail (surface).
(b) Are these changes chemical in nature?
Ans: Yes, these alterations are chemical in nature. The reason for this
is that the reaction produces 'iron sulphate' and copper.
(c) Write a word equation for the chemical change, if any.
Ans: The reaction is:

Coppersulphate(Blue)
+Iron(Shiningwhite)→Ironsulphate(Green)
+Copper(Brown)����������ℎ���(����)
+����(�ℎ������ℎ���)→��������ℎ���(�
����)+������(�����)
Copper sulphate(Blue) + Iron(Shining white) → Iron sulphat
e(Green) + Copper(Brown) ������ ����ℎ���(���
�) + ����(�ℎ����� �ℎ���) → ���� ����ℎ��
�(�����) + ������(�����)

Benefits of solving the Exemplar of Class 7, Chapter 6

The solution for the Exemplar of Class 7, Chapter 6, Physical and
chemical changes help the students in the following manner: -
 It gives students extra practice helpful for understating the
chapter in a detailed manner.
 It prepares the students mentally to solve any type of questions in
the exam.
 It serves as a measuring tool for the students to measure their
progress.
Therefore, Vedantu provides the solutions for the Exemplar of Class 7,
Chapter 6.
Also, if you are looking for the solutions of the Exemplar for the previous
chapter, which is, Acids, Bases and Salts you can find it here: NCERT
Exemplar Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 5 Acids, Bases and Salts
(vedantu.com)

NCERT Exemplar Class 7 Science Solutions Chapter 6 Physical and Chemical

Changes
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Which of the following is a physical change?
(a) Rusting of iron
(b) Combustion of magnesium ribbon
(c) Burning of candle
(d) Melting of wax
Solution:
(d) Melting of wax is a physical change. All other changes are chemical changes.
Question 2.
Which of the following is a chemical change?
(a) Twinkling of stars
(b) Cooking of vegetables
(c) Cutting of fruits
(d) Boiling of water
Solution:
(b) Cooking of vegetables is a chemical change.
Question 3.
A chemical change may involve
(a) change in colour only
(b) change in temperature only
(c) evolution of gas only
(d) any or all of the above
Solution:
(d) A chemical change may involve change in colour, temperature, smell or
evolution of gas, heat, etc.
Question 4.
Which of the following are true when milk changes into curd?
(i) Its state is changed from liquid to semi solid.
(ii) It changes colour.
(iii) It changes taste.
(iv) The change cannot be reversed.
Choose the correct option from below:
(a) (i) and (ii) are correct.
(b) (ii) and (iii) are correct.
(c) (i), (iii) and (iv) are correct.
(d) (i) to (iv) are correct.
Solution:
(c) When milk changes to curd it becomes semi solid. The taste of milk changes
and the change is irreversible but there is no change in colour. It remains white
only.
Question 5.
A man painted his main gate made up of iron, to
(i)prevent it from rusting
(ii) protect it from sun
(iii) make it look beautiful
(iv) make it dust free.
Which of the above statement (s) is/are correct?
(a) (i)and(ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) Only (ii)
(d) (i) and (iii)
Solution:
(d) Painting can prevent rusting and the objects look more beautiful.
Question 6.
Iron pillar near the Qutub Minar in Delhi is famous for the following facts. Which
of these facts is responsible for its long stability?
(a) It is more than 7 metres high.
(b) It weighs about 6000 kg.
(c) It was built more than 1600 years ago.
(d) It has not rusted after such a long period.
Solution:
(d) Iron pillar near Qutub Minar in Delhi is famous for its stability because it has
not rusted over a long period.
Question 7.
Galvanisation is a process used to prevent the rusting of which of the following?
(a) Iron
(b) Zinc
(c) Aluminium
(d) Copper
Solution:
(a) During galvanisation iron is coated with zinc in order to prevent it from
rusting.
Question 8.
Paheli’s mother made a concentrated sugar syrup by dissolving sugar in hot
water. On cooling, crystals of sugar got separated. This indicates a
(a) physical change that can be reversed
(b) chemical change that can be reversed
(c) physical change that cannot be reversed
(d) chemical change that cannot be reversed.
Solution:
(a): Mixing of sugar in water is a physical change and crystals of sugar can be
separated from a supersaturated solution hence it is a reversible change.
Question 9.
Which of the following statements is incorrect for a chemical reaction?
(a) Heat may be given out but never absorbed.
(b) Sound may be produced.
(c) A colour change may take place.
(d) A gas may be evolved.
Solution:
(a) Heat may be given out or absorbed during a chemical reaction.
Question 10.
Two drops of dilute sulphuric acid were added to 1 g of copper sulphate powder
and then small amount of hot water was added to dissolve it (step 1).On cooling,
beautiful blue coloured crystals got separated (step II). Step I and Step II are
(a) physical and chemical changes respectively
(b) chemical and physical changes respectively
(c) both physical change
(d) both chemical change.
Solution:
(c) Dissolution of copper sulphate powder in water in presence of sulphuric acid
is a physical change. On cooling this hot solution, the crystals of copper sulphate
are separated, This is also a physical change.
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 11.
State whether the following statements are true or false:
(a) When a candle burns, both physical and chemical changes take place.
(b) Anaerobic bacteria digest animal waste and produce biogas.
(c) Ships suffer a lot of damage though they are painted.
(d) Stretching of rubber band is not a physical change.
Solution:
(a) True
(b) True
(c) True
(d) False – Stretching of rubber band is a physical change.
Question 12.
Melting of wax is a change where a solid changes to liquid state. Give one more
such change which you observe in your surroundings.
Solution:
Melting of ice, melting of butter
Question 13.
What kind of change is shown by tearing of paper?
Solution:
Tearing of paper is a physical change which cannot be reversed.
Short Answer Questions
Question 14.
Match the items of column I with the items of column ll.
Column 1 Column II
(a) Large crystals (i) Turns lime water milky
(b) Depositing a layer of zinc on iron (ii) Physical change
(c) Souring of milk (iii) Rust
(d) Carbon dioxide (iv) Sugar candy (Mishri)
(e) Iron oxide (v) Chemical change
(f) Dissolving common salt in water (vi) Galvanisation
Solution:
(a) (iv)
(b) (vi)
(c) (v)
(d) (i)
(e) (iii)
(f) (ii)
Question 15.
Fill in the blanks in the following statements using the words given in the box.
[ rusted, colourful, substance, chemical, physical, reversible, iron, oxide, object ]
(a) Making sugar solution is a _____ change.
(b) A physical change is generally _____.
(c) Grinding of wheat grain changes its size. It is a _____ change.
(d) Iron benches kept in lawns and gardens get _____. It is a _____ change because a
new _____ is formed.
Solution:
(a) physical
(b) reversible
(c) physical
(d) rusted, chemical, substance
Question 16.
Classify the following processes into physical or chemical changes:
(i) Beating of aluminium metal to make aluminium foil.
(ii) Digestion of food.
(iii) Cutting of a log. of wood into pieces.
(iv) Burning of crackers.
Solution:
(i) Beating of aluminium metal to make aluminium foil – physical change
(ii) Digestion of food – chemical change
(iii) Cutting of log of wood into pieces – physical change
(iv) Burning of crackers – chemical change
Question 17.
Write word equations for two chemical reactions with the help of materials given
in the box.
[ Air, copper sulphate, iron, vinegar, iron oxide, carbon dioxide, iron sulphate,
copper, lime water, water ]
Solution:
1. Iron + Air + Water → Iron oxide
2. Copper sulphate + Iron → Iron sulphate + Copper
Question 18.
Explain the following:
(a) Lime water turns milky on passing carbon dioxide gas into it.
(b) Bubbles are produced when acetic acid is added to a solution of sodium
hydrogen carbonate.
Solution:
(a) When carbon dioxide gas is passed through lime water, it turns milky
because a white precipitate of calcium carbonate is formed.
Calcium hydroxide + Carbon dioxide →Calcium carbonate + Water
(b) When acetic acid is added to a solution of sodium hydrogen carbonate,
carbon dioxide gas is formed which comes out in the form of bubbles.
Sodium hydrogen carbonate + Acetic acid → Sodium carbonate + Water + Carbon
dioxide
Long Answer Type Questions
Question 19.
Give two examples for each of the following cases:
(a) Physical changes which are reversible.
(b) Physical changes which are not reversible.
(c) Chemical changes.
Solution:
(a) (i) Folding of paper
(ii) Melting of ice
(b) (i) Cutting of paper
(ii) Breaking of glass
(c) (i) Burning of paper
(ii) Curdling of milk
Question 20.
Give an example of a chemical reaction for each of the following situations:
(a) A change in colour is observed.
(b) A gas is evolved.
(c) Sound is produced.
Solution:
(a) Reaction between copper sulphate and iron metal – blue solution of copper
sulphate changes to green solution of ferrous sulphate.
(b) Reaction between Sodium hydrogen carbonate and acetic acid – carbon
dioxide gas is evolved.
(c)Burning of crackers produces a loud sound.
Question 21.
If you leave a piece of iron in the open for a few days, it acquires a film of
brownish substance, called rust.
(a) Do you think rust is different from iron?
(b) Can you change rust back into iron by some simple method?
(c) Do you think formation of rust from iron is a chemical change?
(d) Give two other examples of a similar type of change.
Solution:
(a) Yes, rust is different from iron. It is a brown powder of iron oxide.
(b) No rusting is a chemical change and cannot be reversed.
(c) Yes, rusting is a chemical change since a new substance is formed.
(d) (i) Burning of magnesium ribbon to give magnesium oxide.
(ii) Burning of wood to give coal and ash.
Question 22.
A student took a solution of copper sulphate in a beaker and put a clean iron nail
into it and left it for about an hour.
(a) What changes do you expect?
(b) Are these changes chemical in nature?
(c) Write a word equation for the chemical change, if any.
Solution:
(a) Copper sulphate solution is blue in colour. When an iron nail is left in it for
some time the blue colour of copper sulphate solution changes to green and the
surface of iron nail gets a brown coloured deposit.
(b) Yes, the changes are chemical changes because new substances iron sulphate
(green) and copper (brown) are formed in the reaction.

Question 1.
A marble tile would feel cold as compared to a wooden tile on a winter morning,
because the marble tile
(a) is a better conductor of heat than the wooden tile.
(b) is polished while wooden tile is not polished.
(c) reflects more heat than wooden tile.
(d) is a poor conductor of heat than the wooden tile.
Solution:
(a)
Question 2.
A beggar wrapped himself with a few layers of newspaper on a cold winter night.
This helped him to keep himself warm because
(a) friction between the layers of newspaper produces heat.
(b) air trapped between the layers of newspaper is a bad conductor of heat.
(c) newspaper is a conductor of heat.
(d) newspaper is at a higher temperature than the temperature of the
surrounding.
Solution:
(b) So, heat from his body would not escape to the surroundings.
Question 3.
Paheli and Boojho measured their body temperature. Paheli found her’s to be
98.6 °F and Boojho recorded 37°C. Which of the following statement is true?
(a) Paheli has a higher body temperature than Boojho.
(b) Paheli has a lower body temperature than Boojho.
(c) Both have normal body temperature.
(d) Both are suffering from fever.
Solution:
(c) Celcius (°C) and Fahrenheit (°F) are two different scales used for the
measurement of temperature.
Question 4.
Boojho has three thermometers as shown in figure. He wants to measure the
temperature of his body and that of boiling water. Which thermometer(s) should
he choose?

(a) Thermometer (i) or (iii) for measuring body temperature and (ii) for
measuring the temperature of boiling water.
(b) Thermometer (i) for measuring temperature of both.
(c) Thermometer (ii) for measuring temperature of both.
(d) Thermometer (iii)for measuring temperature of both.
Solution:
(a)
Question 5.
Four arrangements to measure temperature of ice in beaker with laboratory
thermometer are shown in figure (a, b, c and d). Which one of them shows the
correct arrangement for accurate measurement of temperature?
Solution:
(a)
Question 6.
Figure (a-d) shows a student reading a doctor’s thermometer. Which of the
figure indicates the correct method of reading temperature?

Solution:
(a)
Question 7.
Figure (a-d) shows the readings on four different thermometers. Indicate which
of the reading shows the normal human body temperature?

Solution:
(c) Normal human body temperature is 37 °C.
Question 8.
Shopkeepers selling ice blocks usually cover them with jute sacks. Explain why.
Solution:
Shopkeepers selling ice blocks usually cover them with jute sacks because jute
sack is an insulating material so it prevents ice from melting at a faster rate.
Question 9.
A laboratory thermometer A is kept 7 cm away on the side of the flame while a
similar thermometer 8 is kept 7 cm above the flame of a candle as shown in
figure.

Which of the thermometers, A or 8, will show a greater rise in temperature? Give

reason for your answer.
Solution:
Thermometer B will show a greater rise in temperature because hot air rises up
or air on the top of the candle flame is getting heated by convection.
Question 10.
To keep her soup warm Paheli wrapped the container in which it was kept with a
woollen cloth. Can she apply the same method to keep a glass of cold drink cool?
Give reason for your answer.
Solution:
Yes, she can apply the same method to keep a glass of cold drink cool because
wool is a poor conductor of heat.
Question 11.
In a mercury thermometer, the level of mercury rises when its bulb comes in
contact with a hot object. What is the reason for this rise in the level of mercury?
Solution:
It is a property of mercury to expand when heated. Hence, after expansion it
rises in the capillary tube.
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 12.
A circular metal loop is heated at point O as shown in figure.

(i) In which direction would heat flow in the loop?

(ii) In which order the pins at points P, Q and R fixed with the help of wax fall if
points O, P, Q and 8 are equidistant from each other?
Solution:
(i) The heat will flow in both the directions i.e. from O to P and O to R.
(ii) At first the pins at R and P will fall simultaneously followed by the pin at Q.
Question 13.
In the arrangements A and 8 shown in figure, pins P and Q are fixed to a metal
loop and an iron rod with the help of wax. In which case are both the pins likely
to fall at different times? Explain.

Solution:
In case B, the pin P will fall before the pin Q because the heat will reach pin P
first. In case A, the heat travels in both the directions and pins P and Q will fall
simultaneously.
Question 14.
For setting curd, a small amount of curd is added to warm milk. The microbes
present in the curd help in setting if the temperature of the mixture remains
approximately between 35°C to 40°C. At places, where room temperature
remains much below the range, setting of curd becomes difficult. Suggest a way
to set curd in such a situation.
Solution:
(i) In order to maintain the desired temperature of the mixture, the container
can be wrapped either by woollen material or any other poor conductor of heat.
Alternatively, the mixture can be kept in a heat resistant container.
(ii) The container can be kept in the sun or near the gas stove while cooking.
Question 15.
You may have noticed that a few sharp jerks are given to clinical thermometer
before using it. Why is it done so?
Solution:
A clinical thermometer has a kink which prevents immediate backflow of the
mercury from the tube to the bulb, thus allowing us to read the temperature
conveniently. This is the reason why we give a jerk to the thermometer before
taking a new reading. The jerk positions the mercury below the kink into the
bulb.
Question 16.
Why is it advised not to hold the thermometer by its bulb while reading it?
Solution:
It is advised not to hold the thermometer by its bulb while reading it because on
holding a thermometer by its bulb, the mercury in the bulb expands due to our
body temperature and gives false reading.
Question 17.
At a camp site there are tents of two shades – one made with black fabric and the
other with white fabric. Which one will you prefer for resting on a hot summer
afternoon? Give reason for your choice. Would you like to prefer the same tent
during winter?
Solution:
(i) On a hot summer afternoon, the tent made up of white fabric will be preferred
as white colour is a bad absorber and good reflector of heat.
(ii) No, the black fabric tent will be preferred during winter.
Question 18.
While constructing a house in a coastal area, in which direction should the
windows preferably face and why?
Solution:
The windows of houses in coastal areas should preferably face towards the sea
as sea breeze will keep it cool during day time.
Question 19.
Observe the picture given in figure. Water is being boiled in a pan of wide base.

(i) Which position P or T will feel warmer?

(ii) Fill up the boxes P and T to indicate the mode of flow of heat to the hand.
Solution:
(i) Position P will feel warmer than T because when the air gets heated, it rises
upwards.
(ii) P → Convection
T → Radiation
Question 20.
Look at figure.
The length of wire PQ in case of A is equal to the diameter of the semicircle
formed by the wire CDE, in case B. One pin is attached to each wire with the help
of wax as shown in figure. Which pin will fall first? Explain.
Solution:
The pin on the wire in case A will fall first as heat will reach to it before it reaches
the pin in case B (as CDE > PQ). In both the cases, heat is transferred to the pins
mainly through conduction.