Prohosital Equivalen ces

Tautelog 202{

A statement thal twe fr l hasible valuer

Pofsihinal Vanabes js called a tautolgt
univesely vdid Pomdla Poa
vald fomla oa loia tuth
Ex: a dauto logu
loohadi choo
statement that ir always flke ir called
(2- marks)
conhadchen obsurdity
aton f a nhacd'ete
Nore Tke neg
Tautolgi
autolg

Ex): a
tauto l°g
1P Pr P
all the entheg
are true

1S a
tauto
conhradrchon

P PAP

F
 Using the tuth toNe voih kat the
Jau kolegy
s - v oA18) v (PA 79)
7 7

T T
T T

tautolg tue
the toutb tabe Veoky the proßoston
conhadichon

T
T

qlt the

Canadic hos, enties ave falope

(P (Po) Is a
taublg
T T
T
T T
T
ioqial Fquivalences and Imyheahuns
when tw's tomha und roforihons equiralnt ?
(onho und Jorohasi fins thot haue be s ame tutb

values in all ossikle Casos cne called

uivaleo!

Tawo Aohosit and Nae caled. logiay

equvdent tautol No v/Dee 2)
(2m)
pA (pv &) i1S equivalent fo PP
E)

T T T T
T

Pa (pve)
derotes that pand o
Notahoo P=9
are gicaly equivalent
(o)
(7Pv@) (Nov/pec-
(m)
2018)
Table of logic equivdlenes
Equival ence Nbme t uth
lable )

Tderhty law

T Domnatolaw.
T
 PvPP ldempotent laule
PAP
Doube laut.

(ommutahe lauws

Accouahve lais

PalarR) Disbuhne lae

(Q)R >(PaR) v(QaR)

(Pa8)vR (prR)

1(paQ) De t
lauw

Pa(pvc)) laue

PrT T
Negaher
 Loyical Eqá val enes
Involirg condihonols
v

p(aYR)
(P->) v(P-) >
P) v (Q-) < (fAs >R

lase Logical Eqwivalences

Bicond tion als

(P ) (P6) (Q-)

somechies, ('yp 1a))

(PAa) Apx mey 20)7
Nov /De 2019

Tautolo ical Impiatois

statement A Is aid to tautolgiely
Said to tauto
statem ent B
A>B is
ase
tautologd
we
wnte
 B
A )
Yead
Tahlb umphiahne

4.

1.

(P>&)A(9->B) => p->R

(p->R)a (Í >R) =>R
12 - () a

(Is)
(7Qa2))
So ln
(1QAR) >(T A16) AR Assouatire lad
<=> 7(pv&) AR DeMa gan s
Distib law
(GA)
(ve) (omm

(PAR)
(Tpa (10^R)) v(QA)((Pv&)A R)
V

Dsti lad
6) h(pve )A R) v
v (v8) aR L-> T VR
(a( Ly wegatón 1denhy
law
)
1(1pa8)
A Dormagant law
(pv@) (p78)
Dstnbuhe lan
Invese law
L> Pv (F)
ldenity laud

s)sT((Pv) ^ 1(pa (¬ov R) v(Tpa 78)

v(TpATR) is a tautolgy
-(pe) Deragan i law
¬lpv)
1(p) v 1(pvR)
(ipa 8) v (Tp ATR) <-> DeMoga
1((Pvo) a(p)
v 7(Q^R)) DeM.
Also lauw

(P)n(pvR) Dists las

hva)A (pva))
pvo) (puR) v lpve)a

6T P’ (Q>p) TP >( p )
 PtQ-)

Commutohve lau
Ass oiahe law

Negahás lauy
T Domnancp lau

P lQp)

P’ (Q’R)
Son
P (a ’ R)
)
pQ Ipv

Acsoua he leu
( v799 vR

-(pa) v
Demagon'

U Without Construetng tuth table Vernß wte tfer

Con badi chon or toutalg or/Dec

 (pve) 1TV
ahon
la ^(pue))v v(pv) T
-(p)
awNegchin
V
Assouahve
las
Distnbuhve
las
f
(pA (p^)v TR)1(7pa(rav (Pve)
v -s
v) V
let
Doi7. Volere) egui (use
2018 Dee Nov
table trutf wthout
toutolog
A(pv1o)v
9) (p v
law
rathán T(=>7}
v
law
Negoho
ouate
law
1(pv@) v
19)v 4((PU
Commutat
lave
law Assouate
nlpva) (pv1Q)
v Qv
auw gons DeMa
T) (p (p7) v
V
Soluter
 S.T

mth out trtt tabl'e

v (pAR)
SepA(¬9R) v (QnR)

arnd Dishibuhe la

byDemog on
la
and CCn muta hne

(1(pwa) v(uo) Ditnbuhela

TAR Negoban laus

law
ldenhby
Defnitin :-Tautologial mpicahons
A stat ement (s sad to tauto le icaly mhy
sBatement B

Aoutologa
I tis case,
read as

Defmihor Funchon al y comple le set t connechire

/ Dee 20s0)
set onnetves
of connechves when evey
famub Con ho echaessed
 equivalent Po male
this Se)
tontanrg conehe frn
Connee hine

A collechi of og iral ofe.ohrc

Purchirally (omplele if evoy cmjourd trolositt
logially
volvng ony teese log ical ofatas
profoaiton iavolvny
Ex): Set Uf connechves ard

are
fenchi aly eomflete
ave hot

futhaly conplele.
wy 1) is a funchsraly
Conneehves
2020)
comglete (2m)
formulas
We have to shoo for alt
Connechves,
eqivalent famula
other
Whun contans ard V omby.

Cansider p

Ihoplies
And
fee equi valent mles
II we ofph tfe ahove tken te resultant
ven famula
 free fon bi cond tonal, conditonat and
Conjunchn
fnchanaly
conneetives
Conilete
Reason wdhy wis o fonchoraly complebe

Cansider

(- 8) (Q
6> (pva) a (10 ) A

equiralent fermula
abpy the abae tree
then he
hv, A) 1s hot furehön lhy compleke
1 'Canno
nrch be erhrecs ed using the conn eubies
bince no sueh (ontibuton of statenenk
exit inþut is T and the
out fut is F.
1p Coupu.
T