Computer Networks Lab

(SOE-B-CSE601)

LAB MANUAL
Semester: V
Batch: 2024-25

Prepared By: Rajesh Tanti

Verified By:
Dr. Umashankar Ghughar

SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
O P JINDAL UNIVERSITY
O P JINDAL KNOWLEDGE PARK, PUNJIPATRA, RAIGARH-496109
 Objective:
1. To write, test, and implement the network concept.
2. To know about network devices and all network model.
3. Use different design model of network for practical implementation.
4. Learn how to secure and connect the internet through network.
5. To build the capacity to design and manage the large Server Structure.

Course Outcomes:
1. Understand all network devices and models.
2. Ability to understand structural diagram and real life implementation of network model.
3. Use computer or laptop to connect network model and network space and file
sharing concept.
4. Learn about large Server Network system and its design concept.

CO-PO & PSO Correlation

Course Name: Computer Networks

Program Outcomes PSOs
Course
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4
Outcomes
CO1: 2 1 3
CO2: 2 1 1 2 2 1
CO3: 1 1 2 2 2 1 2
CO4: 1 2 1 3 3 1 1 2
CO5: 1 1 1 2 1

Note: 1: Low 2.: Moderate 3: High

S.NO. EXPERIMENT

1. Study of different types of Network cables and Practically

implement the cross-wired cable and straight through cable
using clamping tools

2. Study of Network devices in details

3. Study of Network IP.

4. Connect the computer in Local Area Network

5. Study of basic Network command and Network

configuration commands.
6. Performing an initial Switch Configuration

7. Performing an Initial Router Configuration.

8. Configure and Troubleshooting a Switched Network .

9. Learn about Dial up connection procedure and its practical

implementation
10. Report On Server Room Visit at OPJU
Objective :-
EXPERIMENT – 09

A dial-up connection uses a standard phone line and analog modem to access the
Internet at data transfer rates (DTR) of up to 56 Kbps. A dial-up connection is the least
expensive way to access the Internet, but it also slowest connection.
A dial-up connection is established when two or more communication devices
use a public switched telephone network (PSTN) to connect to an Internet
service provider (ISP).

Many remote areas depend on Internet dial-up connections because broadband

and cable are rare in remote areas with low population numbers.

ISPs often provide free dial-up connections, a viable alternative for budget-
conscious subscribers.

Devices / Apparatus :-
Dial-up access uses a telephone modem, DSL service uses a DSL modem, cable access
uses a cable modem, and satellite service uses a satellite adapter. Your ISP may give
you a modem—often for a fee—when you sign a contract, which helps ensure that you
have the right type of modem.

Creating a Dial-Up Connection

A dial-up connection requires your computer's modem to dial a phone number
that connects to your Internet Service Provider (ISP). Your computer may have a
modem built in, or you may have to use a modem card if your system is a laptop.
To create a new modem connection:
1. From the Applications (the main menu on the panel) menu, choose
System Tools => Internet Configuration Wizard.
2. A window opens requesting your root password. Enter it and click OK .
3. The Add new Device Type window opens.
4. The left pane lists each of the possible connections. Choose
Modem connection and click the Forward button.
5. Red Hat Enterprise Linux probes for a working modem installed on your
computer. If it does not find one, make sure that you have a hardware
modem, and that it is installed correctly.
6. The next screen contains three drop-down boxes.
o Modem Device — This menu lists all modems installed on your
system. Select the correct modem for this connection.
o Baud Rate — Select the speed of your modem. This list is in bytes:
a 56.6K modem is listed as 56700.
o Flow Control — Select Hardware if your modem is a hardware
device installed on your system.
 When finished making your selections, click the Forward button.
7. The next screen requires information about your ISP. For users in the
United States, type the correct information in each field:
o Prefix — Enter any prefix necessary to reach your access number.
This might be "1" if the call is long distance, or "9" to reach an
outside line.
o Area Code — Enter the area code of your access number, if
necessary.
o Phone Number — Enter the access number for your ISP. Do not
enter "dashes" in the number.
o Provider Name — Enter the name of your ISP.
o Login Name — Enter the login your ISP has given you.
o Password — Enter the password for your
account. Finally, click the Forward button.
8. On the next screen, select whether your system must automatically
obtain your IP address settings or whether your system must use the
same IP address every time you connect. To use the same address every
time, enter the address your ISP gave you into the Manual IP Address
Settings fields. Click the Forward button to continue.
9. The final screen is a summary of the values you have entered. Review
them to be sure that all settings are correct. Click the Apply button to
create your new connection.
10. The Network Configuration screen appears, showing your new
connection along with a list of all other connections on your machine.
11. Test your new connection by clicking the Activate button. If your
connection works, go to File => Save from the Network Configuration
main toolbar, then exit the application. If your connection does not work,
click the Edit button to change the settings.
To access your connection later, select Applications (the main menu on the
panel)
=> System Settings => Network. The Network Configuration window opens. Select
the appropriate connection and click Activate.
1. Start Menu

Click the Star

button (in this case, bottom left-hand side) and
t
2. STEP2

Window Settings
3. STEP3

Dial-up

Select Dial-up and click Set up a new connection.

4. STEP4

Choose a connection option

Selec Connect to the and click Next.

t Internet
5. STEP5

How do you want to connect?

Select Dial-up.

6. STEP6

Type the information from your Internet service provider (ISP)

Click Connec after entering the values.

t

7. STEP7
Skip

When a Connecting to Dial-up appears, click Skip.

message Connection...

8. STEP8

Close

When a messageThe connection is ready for appears, click Close.

use
9. STEP9

Dial-up

Clic Connec for the newly set connection (Dial-up Connection, etc.)
t
k 10. STEP10
Dial-up Connection Properties

When Connection window appears, click Properties.

11. STEP11

Properties - General

Put a check mark Use dialing and click Dialing Rules.

rules
in 12. STEP12
Phone and Modem

Click Edit.

13. STEP13

Edit Location

When settings are completed, click OK.

14. STEP14

Properties - Options

PPP
Set options at your preference (the default is recommended), and then
Settings.
..
click
15. STEP15

PPP Settings

Remove all check marks and click OK.

16. STEP16

Properties - OK

After returning to the Properties window, click OK.

17. STEP17

Connection Test

Perform a connection test if there is no problem with the

connection. Click Dial.
Connection starts when the above message appears.

When connection is established, Connected

appears. Click Disconnect to end the connection
test.
 EXPERIMENT – 10
Server Room visit Report

Objective : A server is a computer program or device that provides a

service to another computer program and its user, also known as the
client. In a data center, the physical computer that a server program
runs on is also frequently referred to as a server. That machine might
be a dedicated server or it might be used for other purposes.

In the client/server programming model, a server program awaits and

fulfills requests from client programs, which might be running in the
same, or other computers. A given application in a computer might
function as a client with requests for services from other programs and
as a server of requests from other programs.

How servers work

The term server can refer to a physical machine, a virtual machine or to
software that is performing server services. The way that a server
works varies considerably depending on how the word server is being
used.

Physical and virtual servers

A physical server is simply a computer that is used to run server

software. The differences between a server and a desktop computer
will be discussed in detail in the next section.

A virtual server is a virtual representation of a physical server. Like a

physical server, a virtual server includes its own operating system and
applications. These are kept separate from any other virtual servers
that might be running on the physical server.

The process of creating virtual machines involves installing a

lightweight software component called a hypervisor onto a physical
server. The hypervisor's job is to enable the physical server to function
as a virtualization host. The virtualization host makes the physical
server's hardware resources -- such as CPU time,
memory, storage and network bandwidth -- available to one or more
virtual machines.

An administrative console gives administrators the ability to

allocate specific hardware resources to each virtual server. This
helps dramatically drive down hardware costs because a single
physical server can run multiple virtual servers, as opposed to each
workload needing its own physical server.

Server software

At a minimum, a server requires two software components: an

operating system and an application. The operating system acts as a
platform for running the server application. It provides access to the
underlying hardware resources and provides the dependency services
that the application depends on.

The operating system also provides the means for clients to

communicate with the server application. The server's IP address and
fully qualified domain name, for example, are assigned at the
operating system level.

Desktop computers vs. servers

There are both similarities and differences between desktop computers
and servers. Most servers are based on X86/X64 CPUs and can run the
same code as an X86/X64 desktop computer. Unlike most desktop
computers, however, physical servers often include multiple CPU
sockets and error correcting memory. Servers also generally support a
far greater quantity of memory than most desktop computers.

Because server hardware typically runs mission-critical workloads,

server hardware manufacturers design servers to support redundant
components. A server might be equipped with redundant power
supplies and redundant network interfaces. These redundant
components allow a server to continue to function even if a key
component fails.

Server hardware also differs from desktop hardware in terms of its form
factor. Modern desktop computers often exist as mini towers, designed
to be placed under a desk. Although there are still some vendors that
offer tower servers, most
servers are designed to be rack mounted. These rack mount systems
are described as having a 1U, 2U or 4U form factor, depending on how
much rack space they occupy -- a 2U server takes up twice as much
rack space as a 1U server.

Another key difference between a desktop computer and a server is the operating system.
A desktop operating system might be able to perform some server-like functionality but
isn't designed or licensed to take the place of a server operating system. Windows 10, for
example, is a desktop operating system.

Some Windows 10 editions include Hyper-V, Microsoft's virtual machine platform. Even
though both Windows 10 and Windows Server can run Hyper-V, Windows 10's
hypervisor is intended to be primarily used for development purposes, whereas the
version of Hyper-V included with Windows Server is designed for running production
virtual servers.

Although an organization could conceivably run a virtual server on top of Windows 10

Hyper-V, there are licensing issues to consider. Additionally, Windows Server Hyper-V
includes resiliency features that aren't found in the Windows 10 version. For example,
Windows Server supports failover clustering and virtual machine replication.

Similarly, the Windows 10 operating system can make files available to devices on a local
network. However, Windows 10 was never designed for large-scale file sharing.
Windows Server, however, can be configured to act as a fully featured file server. In large
organizations, a distributed file system can be created across an entire server farm for the
purpose of providing better performance, scalability and resiliency than what one physical
server would be able to provide by itself.

Types of servers
Servers are often categorized in terms of their purpose. A few examples of the types of
servers available are as follows:

 Web server: a computer program that serves requested HTML pages or files. In this
case, a web browser acts as the client.

 Application server: a program in a computer in a distributed network that provides

the business logic for an application program.
 Proxy server: software that acts as an intermediary between an endpoint device,
such as a computer, and another server from which a user or client is requesting a
service.

 Mail server: an application that receives incoming emails from local users -- people
within the same domain -- and remote senders and forwards outgoing emails for
delivery.

 Virtual server: a program running on a shared server that is configured in such a way
that it seems to each user that they have complete control of a server.

 Blade server: a server chassis housing multiple thin, modular electronic circuit
boards, known as server blades. Each blade is a server in its own right, often
dedicated to a single application

 File server: a computer responsible for the central storage and management
of data files so that other computers on the same network can access them.

 Policy server: a security component of a policy-based network that

provides authorization services and facilitates tracking and control of files.

 Database server: this server is responsible for hosting one or more databases. Client
applications perform database queries that retrieve data from or write data to the
database that is hosted on the server.

 Print server: this server provides users with access to one or more network-attached
printers -- or print devices as some server vendors call them. The print server acts as
a queue for the print jobs that users submit. Some print servers can prioritize the
jobs in the print queue based on the job type or on who submitted the print job.
Server components
Hardware

Servers are made up of several different components and subcomponents. At the

hardware level, servers are typically made up of a rack mount chassis containing a power
supply, a system board, one or more CPUs, memory, storage, a network interface and a
power supply.

Most server hardware supports out-of-band management through a dedicated network

port. Out-of-band management enables low-level management and monitoring of the
server, independently of the operating system. Out-of-band management systems can be
used to remotely power the server on or off, to install an operating system, and to perform
health monitoring.

Operating systems

Another component is the server operating system. A server operating system, such as
Windows Server or Linux, acts as the platform that enables applications to run. The
operating system provides applications access to the hardware resources that they need
and enables network connectivity.

The application is what enables the server to do its job. For example, a database server
would run a database application. Likewise, an email server would need to run a mail
application.

Choosing the right server

There are many factors to consider in the midst of a server selection, including virtual
machine and container consolidation. When choosing a server, evaluate the importance of
certain features based on the use cases.

Security capabilities are also important and there are a number of protection, detection
and recovery features to consider, including native data encryption to protect data in
flight and data at rest, as well as persistent event logging to provide an indelible record of
all activity.

If the server will rely on internal storage, the choice of disk types and capacity is also
important because it can have a significant influence on input/output (I/O) and resilience.

Many organizations are shrinking the number of physical servers in their data centers as
virtualization enables fewer servers to host more workloads. The advent of cloud
computing has also changed the number of servers an organization needs to host on
premises.

Packing more capability into fewer boxes can reduce overall capital expenses, data center
floor space and power and cooling demands. Hosting more workloads on fewer boxes,
however, can also pose an increased risk to the business because more workloads will be
affected if the server fails or needs to be offline for routine
maintenance.
Server Maintenance Checklist:
Figure- Server Room