Name ____________________________________________ Date ____________________ Class ___________________

7
Ionic Compounds and Metals
Reviewing Vocabulary
Match the definition in Column A with the term in Column B.

Column A Column B
________ 1. Electrons that are free to move in metals a. alloy

________ 2. For a monatomic ion, is equal to the charge b. anion

________ 3. The force that holds two atoms together c. cation

d. chemical bond
________ 4. A charged particle containing more than one atom
e. delocalized electrons
________ 5. A positively charged ion
f. electrolyte
________ 6. A negatively charged ion
g. electron sea model
________ 7. An ionic compound whose aqueous solution conducts electricity
h. formula unit
________ 8. The name for most ionic compounds other than oxides
i. interstitial alloy
________ 9. Represents the way electrons exist in metals j. ionic bond
________10. A charged particle containing only one atom k. lattice energy
________11. The energy needed to separate the ions of an ionic compound l. metallic bond
________12. The electrostatic force that holds oppositely charged particles m. monatomic ion
together
n. oxidation number
________13. A mixture of elements that has metallic properties o. oxyanion
________14. A mixture formed when small atoms fill holes in a metallic crystal p. polyatomic ion
________15. A polyatomic ion composed of an element bonded to at least one q. salts
oxygen atom
________16. Shows the simplest ratio of ions in an ionic compound
________17. The attraction of a metallic cation for delocalized electrons

Chemistry: Matter and Change 1 Chapter Assessment

Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________________

Understanding Main Ideas (Part A)

In the space at the left, write true if the statement is true; if the statement is false, change the
italicized term to make it true.
___________________ 1. The overall charge of a formula unit for a compound is never zero.
___________________ 2. In a crystal lattice, each positive ion is surrounded by negative ions.
___________________ 3. Delocalized valence electrons are typical of ionic compounds.
___________________ 4. A sulfate ion contains fewer oxygen atoms than a sulfite ion does.
___________________ 5. Metals tend to be malleable and ductile and to have relatively high melting points.
___________________ 6. The more negative the lattice energy is, the stronger is the force of attraction between
the ions of an ionic compound.
___________________ 7. In naming ionic compounds, the cation is named first.
___________________ 8. When a metal reacts with a nonmetal, the metal tends to gain electrons.
___________________ 9. In naming a monatomic anion, the suffix -ide is used.
___________________ 10. The prefix per- is used in naming the anion with the most oxygen atoms.

Circle the letter of the word or phrase that best completes the statement or answers the question.
11. What is the electron configuration for the noble gases other than helium?
a. ns2np6 b. ns2 c. ns2np3 d. ns2np2
12. How many outermost d electrons are there in an ion that has achieved a pseudo-noble gas
configuration?
a. none b. five c. eight d. ten
13. The anion that has the formula ClO− is called the
a. chloride ion. b. chlorate ion. c. hypochlorite ion. d. perchlorate ion.
14. Where does a subscript that indicates the number of atoms appear, relative to a chemical symbol in
a formula?
a. to the upper left b. to the lower left c. to the upper right d. to the lower right
15. What is the formula of calcium phosphate, which is made up of the ions Ca2+ and PO43−?
a. Ca3PO4 b. Ca6PO4 c. Ca3(PO4)2 d. Ca2(PO4)3
16. Which of the following is an example of an interstitial alloy?
a. brass b. 14-carat gold c. carbon steel d. sterling silver

Chemistry: Matter and Change 2 Chapter Assessment

Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________________

Understanding Main Ideas (Part B)

The diagram on the right represents a lithium atom
(group 1 of the periodic table) and a fluorine atom
(group 17). Use the diagram to answer the questions
that follow.

1. What is the electron configuration of the neutral lithium atom? _________________________________

2. What is the electron configuration of the neutral fluorine atom? _________________________________
3. What happens to the lithium atom when it reacts with the fluorine atom? What is the electron
configuration of the lithium after the change?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. In terms of the electron arrangement, why is this change favorable for the lithium atom?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What happens to the fluorine atom when it reacts with the lithium atom? What is the electron configuration of the
fluorine after the change?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

6. In terms of the electron arrangement, why is this change favorable for the fluorine atom?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

7. What kind of compound is formed in the reaction? ____________________________________________________

8. What always happens to one or more electrons during a reaction that forms such a compound?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

9. What are the formula and name of the product in this reaction? __________________________________________
10. What holds the atoms together in the compound?
______________________________________________________________________________________________

11. What is the name for the overall three-dimensional solid structure that samples of such compounds form? How are
the particles generally arranged in such a structure?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

12. How do the physical properties of such compounds differ from those typical of metals?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

Chemistry: Matter and Change 3 Chapter Assessment

Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________________

Thinking Critically
Answer the following questions, which refer to the
graph on the right. The graph shows the lattice
energies of the halide compounds of the group 1
metals sodium (atomic number 11) and potassium
(atomic number 19).
1. How does lattice energy relate to the attraction
between ions and the stability of an ionic compound?

______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. What is the relationship between the lattice energy of the halides of sodium and the atomic number and
size of the halides? What is the relationship for the halides of potassium?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. How does the plot of lattice energy for the potassium halides compare with that for the sodium
halides? What does this suggest about lattice energy and ionic size?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

4. Given what you know about lattice energy and the stability of a crystal, how would you expect the
melting point of NaBr to compare with that of NaI? How would you expect the melting point of NaBr
to compare with that of KBr? Explain your answer.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

5. What effect on lattice energy would you expect the amount of charge on an ion to have? Explain.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

Chemistry: Matter and Change 4 Chapter Assessment

Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________________

Applying Scientific Methods

Four students (A, B, C, and D) are given separate solid samples of the same unknown pure substance.
They are asked to determine whether the substance is a metallic element, a non-metallic element, or an
ionic compound. In order to find out, they independently carry out experiments to determine some of the
properties of the substance. Student A observes the sub-stance to determine its luster. Student B tests the
solid’s ability to conduct electricity. Student C determines whether the solid is malleable and ductile.
Student D determines its melting point and tests the melted liquid’s ability to conduct electricity. The
students do not communicate their separate findings to one another. The results of their experiments are
shown in the table below. Use the information to answer the questions that follow.

Student Property Studied Result

A Luster Nonlustrous
B Ability of solid to conduct electricity Nonconducting
C Malleability and ductility Nonmalleable and nonductile (brittle)
D Melting point Approximately 800°C
D Ability of melted liquid to conduct electricity Good

1. On the basis of his results, Student A concludes that the solid is a nonmetallic element rather than a
metallic element or an ionic compound. Comment on the soundness of his conclusion, given only
what he has determined about luster.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________________

2. On the basis of her results, Student B also concludes that the unknown is a nonmetallic element.
Evaluate her conclusion.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

3. On the basis of his results, Student C concludes that the unknown is a metallic element. Evaluate his
conclusion.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

Chemistry: Matter and Change 5 Chapter Assessment

Name _____________________________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________________

Applying Scientific Methods, continued

4. On the basis of her results, Student D states that she cannot conclude anything about whether the
unknown is a metallic element, nonmetallic element, or ionic solid. Evaluate her comment.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
5. Suppose that Student B and Student C shared their results with each another. Should they then be able to
come to a definite conclusion as to the nature of the unknown? Explain.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

6. Suppose that Student B and Student D shared their results with each other. Should they then be able to
come to a definite conclusion as to the nature of the unknown? Explain.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

7. Would a test of a water solution of the unknown might also have been useful in determining the nature
of the unknown? Explain.
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

8. What do the individual students’ problems in coming to definite conclusions illustrate about scientific
methods?
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________

Chemistry: Matter and Change 6 Chapter Assessment

7