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Unit 22

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8 views2 pages

Unit 22

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kkth080
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Unit #22 - Unconstrained Optimization

Some problems and solutions selected or adapted from Hughes-Hallett Calculus.

Local Extrema
1. Which of the points A, B, C in the contour diagram
below appear to be critical points? Classify those that
are critical points.

8. Decide whether you think each point is a local maxi-


For Problems 2-5, find the critical points and classify mum, local minimum, saddle point, or none of these.
them as local maxima, local minima, saddle points, or
none of these. (a) P
2 2
2. f (x, y) = 400 − 3x − 4x + 2xy − 5y + 48y (b) Q
(c) R
3. f (x, y) = x3 − 3x + y 3 − 3y
(d) S
4. f (x, y) = x3 + y 3 − 6y 2 − 3x + 9
9. Sketch the direction of ∇f at several points around
1 each of P , Q, and R.
5. f (x, y) = 8xy − (x + y)4
4
10. At the points where ||∇f || is largest, put arrows show-
6. Find A and B so that f (x, y) = x2 + Ax + y 2 + B has
ing the direction of ∇f .
a local minimum value of 20 at (1, 0).
11. The behavior of a function can be complicated near a
7. Let critical point where D = 0. Suppose that
f (x, y) = kx2 + y 2 − 4xy
Determine the values of k (if any) for which the critical f (x, y) = x3 − 3xy 2
point at (0, 0) is:
Show that there is one critical point at (0, 0) and that
(a) A saddle point D = 0 there. Show that the contour for f (x, y) = 0
(b) A local maximum consists of three lines intersecting at the origin and
(c) A local minimum that these lines divide the plane into six regions around
the origin where f alternates from positive to negative.
For Problems 8-10, use the contours of f in the figure Sketch a contour diagram for f near (0, 0). The graph
below. of this function is called a monkey saddle

Optimization

1
12. A missile has a guidance device which is sensitive to 15. Find the point on the plane
both temperature, to C, and humidity, h. The range in
km over which the missile can be controlled is given by 3x + 2y + z = 1

Range = 27, 800 − 5t2 − 6ht − 3h2 + 400t + 300h that is closest to the origin by minimizing the square
of the distance. Confirm that your answer is a local
What are the optimal atmospheric conditions for con- minimum of the distance.
trolling the missile?
16. Two products are manufactured in quantities q1 and q2
3
13. An open rectangular box has volume 32 cm . What and sold at prices of p1 and p2 , respectively. The cost
are the lengths of the edges giving the minimum sur- of producing them is given by
face area? (You may assume that the answer you find
C = 2q12 + 2q22 + 10
is a local minimum for the surface area.)
(a) Find the maximum profit that can be made, as-
14. A closed rectangular box with faces parallel to the co-
suming the prices are fixed. (Verify that the critical
ordinate planes has one bottom corner at the origin
point you choose is in fact a local maximum.)
and the opposite top corner in the first octant on the
plane (b) Find the rate of change of that maximum profit
3x + 2y + z = 1 as p1 increases. I.e. for every dollar you increase
the price p1 , what will the effect be on your profit,
What is the maximum volume of such a box? (Verify assuming you are at the maximum for the current
that your answer is a local maximum for the volume.) prices?

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