0% found this document useful (0 votes)
53 views50 pages

CharterPrep Math 1 - Part A 1

what the math 1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
53 views50 pages

CharterPrep Math 1 - Part A 1

what the math 1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 50

i\t I V t"f p-,rr-rt,r"\!

"g &" Ciy-'vft'r-


DATE __-_ PERIOD

Study Guide and Intervention


Relatians and Functions
Relatio,ns and FunCtionS A relation cau be represented as a set of ordered piiirs c,i'
as a.n eqlation; the relation is then the set of all ordered pairs (r, :r,) that make the equeLtion
true:. A function is a relation in which each eiement of the domain is paired with exacfll'
one elem.ent of the ranse.

Each element of the domain pairs to exactl"v one unique elemenl 0f the range

0nto Function Each element of the !'ange also corresponds to an elerneni 0f the domain

Botlh 0ne-to-
Each element 0f ihe domain is paired to exactly one elernent of the range and r^{
one and 0nlo
each element of the i'anqe.

iltt$gffi t*t" *;;;;;"'a*"'g* or the relation.


Dores the relation represent a function?
Ther domain and range are both all reai numbers. Each element
of the domain corresponds with exactl;r one element of the range,
s so it is a, function.
'.
E
o
(-)

=*
Ex,ercises
F
t. Sterte the domain and range of each relation. Then determine whether each
-ql relatio:n is a fitnetion.If it is a funetion, deterrnine if it is one-to-one, onto, bot,b,,
'!l
t; or neitlber.

;: 1. {(0.5, 3), (0.4, 2), (3.1, 1), (0.4, o)} 2. {(-5. 2), (4, -2),'(3, -11), (--?, 2)}
cJ
>:

:l
-si
gt

3. i(0.5, -3), (0.1, 12), (6, 8)l 4. i(-15, t2),{-L4.11), (-13, 10), (-12. 12)}
<)
C)

Cherpter 2: 13 Glenc'>e Algebra 2


NAME DA]'E _.--*-_.-_- PERIOD

Study Guide and lntervention kontinued,)


Re{ati ons and F u nction s
Elluations o{' Relations and Functions Equations ihat represenr;funcrions are
ofl:rrn writtern in functional notation. For example, y : iC
- g, cany,be *riit"., ,u
f(x\ = 10 - Br. llhis notationemphasizes the racf ttrJthevalues of the de'endent
*-.r-
veuriable, d.epend on the values of r, the independent variabi;. -- " ' ---"
Tcr evaluate,a function, or find a functional value, means to subs'r,itute a given value in the
dornain into the equation to find the corresponding element in the ,rrrgul

dffillniilf
a. ,ff3)
ct.*" f(") =ffi;'".
f(x)=x"+2c Original function

f(3)=3"+2,(3) Substitute.

= lli Simplify.

lt. f(ia)
f(x) = :v2 +:2x Original function

f(la)=(5a)2+2(5a) Substitute.
:|25a2 * 10a Simplify.

Eriercisesi
Graph eac.h rel.ation or equation and deter:nine the domain and range. Determine o
wlrether the relation is a function, is one-to-one, anto, bath, or neithe7. Then state -J

wlrether it is discrete or continuous. c=.

o
1",-a : - I 3.y: 3x + 2 a)
Lr-Y
-
O 2'Y xz q

al

I
.=

<'
:q
5

a
'-,

Firrd each 'value it f(r) : -2x * 4,


C)
a

4. ,f(Lz) 5. f(6) 6.f{zb)


=
5

Firrd each'yalu,e if g(r) : f - x.


7. s7(5) 8.g(-zl 9. s{7c)

Chapter 2 14 Glencoe Algebra 2'


NI\ME DATE -__--- PERIOD

Study Guide and lntervention


Linear Relations and Functions
Liinear Relations and Functions A Hnear equation has no operations other 1;lian
atlditic'n, subtraction, and muitiplication of a variable by a constant. ihe variables may not
ber multiplied together or appear in a denominator. A iinear equation does n.ot conbain.
veriab,les with exponents other than 1. The graph of a linear equatign is a]wavs a line.
A linear function is a function with ordered pairs that saiis$ a linear equation. An;r
lirrear function can be written in the form f(r) : trLX * b, where m and, b ale real rLumbers,.
If an e,quation is linear, you need only tr,vo points that satisfy the equation in order to gllaph
the eqrration. One way is to find the r-intercept and the y-intercept and connect th:ese trvo
points with a line.

l&W utt*"" it".li"rr Explain.


s{"
Yes; it is a linear function because it can be written in the form
l(:c)---tx+0.2.

ilffi js ;lt ; r",.;;i;',i Exprain.


No; it not a linear function because the variables r and r, are multiplied, together in the
middle term.

Errercises
Sl;ate'nzhether each equation or function is a linear function. Write ves or
no. Explain.
.{!

t>
1.6y - x :7 9 Qt' tiJ
3. f(r) -- 2 - atI
t:
O
()
i:
C)
x
F-
o
c:
4,2y--f-a=o 5. L.6x -- 2.4y : / 6.0.2x = 100 _ 0.4
.!l

tt
(J

I
'
!:
()
>i
ni
a)
7.flx):4 - f 8-frd:f 9.2yx - 3y + 2x == 0
.!2
c)
c'
tt
c)
C)

Ch;apter 12
t3 Glencoe Ailgebra 2
DATE ---..---_- PER|OD

Sltudy Guide and lntervention kontinued.)

Liinear Relations and Functions


Sita rC FOrfm The standard forrn of a iinear equation is Ar + By = C,where
4., B, (l are,integers whose greatest common factor is 1.
Write eaeh equation in standard form. Id.entify A, .8, and C.
8tr-5 b. L4s = -7y + 2L
3t:8x -5 original eguation L4x = -7y + 2L Originat equariorr
* ), - -'5 Subtraci 8x from each side 14x + 7y :21 Add 7y to each side.
- J/ = 5 Hiluttiply each side by -1. 2x+y=3 l-'livida aanh crrla hrr ?

:8,8--1,andC=5. SoA=2,8:i.andC:3.
F Find the r-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph of 4r 5y : zo.
Tihen the equation. -
T'ire r- tercept is the value of r whenS : 0.
,|x
- == 20 Original equation

4x- 0) == 20 substitute o for y

x, == 5 Simpiify.

-intercept is 5. Similarly, the y-intercept is


-4.

VIrite equation in standard form. Identify A, B, and C.


l.2x 4t' -I 2.5y=2x*3 3.3r:--5y+2

:2i4x - I -3 ::gr
'. * - 6.6."*^Br*10:0
''? "

*,3y=|S 8.r=4y-7 9.2y :3.r * 6

Find rc-intrercept and the y-intercept of the graph of each equation. Then graph
the ation using the intercepts.
LtJ.2x 7J = L'+ Ll.5y-r=10 12.2.5x-5v+7.5:0

Glencoe Aigebra 2
Study Guide and lntervention
Solving Systems of Equafions by Graphing
solvel systems using Tables and Graphs a system oi'equations is two Il0re
equati'ons with the same variabies. You can sol:ve a systlm of lineai equations
by rr$ a
teible o,r by graphing the equations on the same coordinate plane. If tfrl Enes
in , the
solution is that intersection point.

le ;;;;r"."nn,,u. x--2y=41
s*/=*
\lrite r:ach equation in siope-intercept form.
x-2y:!
x*Y=--) -+ i=-x-2
Tlre graphs appear to intersect aL {0,
-2).
CIIECK Substitute the coordinates into each equation.
x-ily =4 x+y
t0-21(-2)=4 0+(-2) --Z
Originat equarions

=-2 x:aandv=-2
4:4
=_tv_4:_4
y' 2 :-2 y' Simptify
The so.lution of the system is (0,
-2).
Exercises
Solve each system of equations by graphing.

d
d
(:
r.y:-f*t 2.Y :2x - 2
y:t_4 Y=-x+4
c)
:r
il

>i
o
ai
F-
o
.9
.gt

t'
ft,

E
c'
:: 4.3x--!:0 5^ 2.v -t-
'a
I
6.4-y=2
3l
2"
Cl

;n -2
* -i, -1 %-Y=-l
o 2,J
'i=
o_
o

29
DATE _---* PERIOD

Study Guide and lntervention kontinued,)


Solving Systems of Equafions by Graphing
Cl;ls;s Slyst0ms of Equations ttre following chart summarizes th.e possibilities for
graphs tviro lirrear equations in two variables.

Number of Solutions
Consistent and indenenCent

Consistent and dependent

Same slope, different


y-intercepts
Inconsistent I None

Graph the system of equations r-By-$


and ilbe irt as consistent and independ.ent, 2x-y--B
and dependent, ot inconsistent.
Write equa.tion in slope-intercept form.

x -- ily 6 --+ ,:!*-Z


9* -.nt -g --+ !:2x+3
The intersect at (-3, -3). Since there is one
SO the sysrtem is consistent and independent.

C)
s
Graph each sy'stem of equations and describe it as consistent and independent, !:
9t
nt and'. dependent, ot inconsistent. e)
!lq:
1. 3ir 2.x*2y=5 3.2x-3y=0
tix 2y:l0 3r-15--Gy 4x-Gy-] c)

{)
::
::
!i
::.
!t.
o
at
il
:t
:<
(--

:.

4.\tx "''-? a. 4x+y:-2 6.3r - ! :2 ,5


(l
ti
J,f 2y,:{ 2x+f;:-L x*i:$ :a

Chapter Glencoe Algebre P


DATE

Study Guide and Intervention


Solving Systems of Equafions Algebraically
Substitution fo s-olve q system of linear equations by substitution, first solvt: for: one
variable in terms of the other in one of the equations. Then subsiitute tlis .into
ttLe other equation and simplify. ""pr".,,

|@Usesubstitutiontosolvethesystemoiequations. ?.r -
x*
Solve the frrst equation fory in terms of r.
2x-y-9 First equation

-y = -2x + 9 Subtract 2x from both sides.


! : 2x - I Mutripty both sides by
-1.
Srrbstitute the expression 2x - 9 for y into the second equation and solve for x.
x + 3Y : -G second equation
x + 3(2x - 9) = -6 Substitute 2x - gtor y.
:c * 6x - 27 - -6 Distribuiive pi.operty
7x - 27 = -G Simptify.
7x = 21 Add 27 to each side.
r =3 Divide each side by 7.

Now, substitute the value 3 for r in either original equation and solve for y.
iZx-y=$ Firstequation
2(3) - ! :9 Repracexwith3.
6-y:9 simplify.

-J = 3 Subtracl 6 from each side.


! = -3 Multiply each side by
-1.
The soiution of the system is (3,
E
o
t:
() E:rercises
:E
Solve each system of equations by using substitution.
(t
::
1.3r * ! :7 2.2x+!=5 3.2x -t 3y = --3
F-
() 4x+2y:lS 3x-3y=$ x+2Y:l
.!2

i5

::
4,.2x-!=7 5,4x-By=4 6.5r*J:6
o
o

2'
6x-3y:l{ 2x-:-y*-B 3*;:0
ID
()
t:
ai
G)
'1. x *8Y:-2 8.2x-y= -4 9.* - y -
- 3Y :20
.!l
()
()
x 4x*y- 'l L 2x-3y

10r. r - b=4 11.r*3y=2 L2.2x * 2y :4


2x + 12y -- t3 4x+12J=B x*2Y:Q

31
DATE PERIOD

Study Guide and lntervention kontiruued.)


Solving Systems of Equatfons Algebraically
-
Elimi Oh To solve a system of linear equations by elimination, add or subtract the
equati to eliminate one of the variables. You may first need to multiply one or both of
s
the, e,qu tio.ns by a constant so that one of the variables has the opposite coefficient in one
equatio as it has in the other.

Use the elimination method to solve the system of equations.


2r
3r
MuLltipi the second equation by -4.Then add Replace r with -7 and solve for",,.
the erq tions to eliminate the y variable. 2x-4=-26
2x-4 2x-4y -26 2(-7) -4y : -26
3x-y -12x + 4 96 -14-4Y=*26
*12
-10x -4Y = d
J:O
The solution is (-7, 3).
Use the elimination method to solve the systern of equations.
3t -2y:4
5r *3y=-25
Mu11;ipl the first equation by 3 and the second Replace x with -2 and solve for;v.
equ b)'2. Then add the equations to 3x-2y: 4
elirn.i tJee y variable. 3(-2)-2y: 4
3x- = 1t '.1'i,.MW!,#&'r& 9x - 6y: 12 -6-2Y: 4
5x+3 Llx+6y:-50 -2Y: ro o
!
1Qr 3t -- -5 t_
The solution is (-2, --5). o
Cj
l
c

a
Solve h system of equations by using elimination. t

t-

1,,'2x 2.x-2y=4 3.3c+4y=-L0 4.Jx-J=L2 q


bt :2t)
:.
,]x J=B -x*6Y:ll x-4Y=l 5x + !.
!i
?

3i

6.5x*U-L2 7.2x+J:B 8.7x+2y:-I !t)

:L

-Gx-2y=-14 3x+fo=g Lx-3y=-13 =


()
:1
1l
!i
o

ia

9. 3x Sjr : -6 10. 5r + 4y: t2 Ll.-4x,*y:-12 12.5m* 2n: -8


nr--Q 7x-6y=40 4x+2Y=$ 4m*3tt.=2

Glencoe Algebrtt
DATE PERIOD
---
Study Guide and Intervention
Solvfng Systems of tnequatffies by Graphing
S'ystems of Inequalities. To solve a system of inequalities, graph the inequalitils in the
sa'me co.ordinate plane. The solution of the system is the region staded for ali of tn"
inequalities.

l ;"ri'*q'Jiii.".
y<?-x-1andt>!+Z
TIre solutionofy < 2x - 1 is Regions 1 and 2.
The soiution ofy r * 2 is Regions 1 and 3.
;
The intersection of these regions is Region 1, v'hich is
the solution set of the system of inequalities.

E:xercises
Solve each system of inequalities by graphing.

1.x-y<2 2.3x*2y=-L 3. l.vi * r


x+2y>1 x+4y>-12 x>2

'i:
(g
i:
E
o
C)
j"-
*
6
o:)
4,y 2.i _ z 5.v<t*, 6.v> -tot
y <2x -v<-2x*1 y<3x-t
F-
it
i)
.!!
tt

=i
I

;:
ct
G)
ii
7.x*y>4 8.r * 3y < 3 9.x-2y>6
.sl
CL
Cl
2x-y>2 x-2y>4 x-r4y<-4
()

Chapter 3 33
DA.TE .-- PERIOD

Study Guide and Intervention kontinued)


Sotvfng Systems of lnequatities by Graphing
Fincl ertiCeS Of an EnClOSed RegiOn Sometimes the graph of a system of
ineq bies produces an enclosed region in ihe form of a polygon. You can find the vertices
of th,: oribv a combination of the methods used eariier in this chapter: g::aphing,
subst;i tior:1, and/or elimination.

Ftrd th" th. ;;l;es of the triangle formed by


".;"dt""t"" "f
<tO,y <2r + 3, and x - 3Y < 4.
inequality. The intersections of the
Iines are the vertices of a triangle.
The v, (4, 0) can be determined from the graph. To {ind the
coC,r(li tes of the second and third vertices, solve the two
sysiter of equations
and- v=2x+3
+4.y=20 x-Jy-+ 1

first system of equations, rewrite the frrst For the second system of
in standard form as2x - v : -3. Then equations, use substitution.
mrrll;ip.[ that equation by 4 and add to ihe Substitute 2x + 3 for;' in the
seco:nd second equation to get
9u
-
rt , -3 .WWWffWfia Bx-4 1c)
x-JQx*3): 4
-
.)n (+) 5x + 4y :20 x-6x*9- 4
13* a
-5x : 13
8 13
l.f o
R Then substitute:c : *-:- tn
l.f .
tn€l
The:r s bst,itute r=* in one of the originai equations !
a
::
^IJ y.
and so 'e ror first equation to solve for Y. I
o
r{l-\
-\ 1:] / -rJ "y
./
:21-#l+
5l
10 \
g a
\ =
.LO
:I; -rl y-----To
26^ 3

t.l ?
55 1I :i
r,1 =

The coordinates of the third


vertex *tu (-29, -r+)
e r:oordinates of the three vertices are (4, 0), (*,n# ""a (-z$, -t+)
Exr
Flin d eoordinates of the vertices of the triangle formed by each system
olli ualities,
1.,y 2.x> -B 3.v<-lt+3
"2
J/<
1
=+ r<-fr+e v>:tr+t
"z
-2 y>x-1 ;r<3r+10
DATE PESIOD
--
Study Guide and Intervention
---.
lntraduction to Matrices
Otrganize and Analyze Data
a rectangular array of variables or constants in horizontal rclvs anrj rrerlical colunrns
encloseci in brackeis.

A matrix can be described by its dimensions. A matrix vrith m rows and n colu
rn x n matrix.

pigeon
- Owl Swift King penguin
In<;ubation | 30 20 15 b3 I
Fledstins L 30 44 IT 360 |

f3f;iiIJli*tr wtat are the dirnensions of rnatrixA if A: f tB 10 -3 45.|,)


'^'--[z 8 rb BoJ'
since matrixA has 2 rows and 4 columns, the dimensions ofA are 2 x 4.

E:xercises
:=
6
Sl;ate the dimensions of each matrix"
.19
(!
f
15 5 27 -41
t:
() 71 44
()
-i
iY
'l:?-:^9:l
70
114
3 42
163
-3 |24
gOl
z*6
-' ,' 12 0l 3. 39 27
45 16
:i 92 53
() 7B 65
.!2
4,. A travel agent provides for potentiai travelers the normal high temperatures f
,i'
6 months of January, April, July, and October for various cities. In Boston these rr3s are
:a
l-- 36", 56", 82', and 63". In Dallas therv are 54', 76,92', and 7g", rn Los Angeles th y are
.J
C)
68,72',84", and 79'. In seattle they are 46, st ,74', and.60,. In st. Louis the-r are
>i
!)
38',67',89', and 69'. Organize this inforrnation in a 4 x b matrix. source:'theNewy?
(t
<:
_.t2
c)
C)

.!l

c)

Chapter 4 39
DATF -..-------_ PERIOD

study Guide and lntervention konttnued.)


lntroduction to Matrices
Elementls of a Matrix A matrix is a rectangular array of variables or constants in
horizontal rows and vertical columns. The values are called elements and
are identified by
their locatjon in the matrix. The location of an element is written as a suJrscript
with the
nurnber of its row followed by the number of its column. For example,
o, is the element in
the first row and second column of matrixA.
In the matrices below, 11 is the value of a, in the frrst matrix. The value of b* in the
second mai;rix is 7.

D 9 LZ
11 2 8
tl
I
10 Id
A,= l5 4LO 1 B_ q
7 o
IO 3 6L2
I

11 13 1
I

+] 2 1i
Lz+

Find the value of eu. ffi;;i;.ord.uu.


25 I1 41 20
r^ - '/x 912
C,=l' rl 13
'
134 il
t
matrix D : t76 15 18 A
22 16 21 24 19
trc)e t}14 10
Since cru is the element in row 2, Since du, is the element in row 5, column 4,
colu:mn 3, the value of c," is X". the value of dun is 14. c}
I
Exercise:s €
f
ia)
c
Iderrtify erach element for the following matrices. f,

I1413L2
-l
t2 'i ol 2152011
o
!

r'-- I2 11 f5e11
u=lt
41

6
|
Bl'
G_ 3161910
, z 210 =
s
L4, 4L7 18 I L8 2 6 1l 1.
s.
q.
o
1A
!a 3J 567 B
o
-tr
t'l:t2 2. s-. 3. hn o
- al

o
=
o
I
6o
4.gse 5'hrn 6. fze
d'
I

7' hrn 8. fqz 9" grs

Chapt'?r 4 4A Glencoe Algebra


NAME- DATE_ pERtoD

t intervention
O peratians w ittt Matrices
Add and Subtract Matrices Matrices with the same dimensions can be
together or one can be subtracted from the other.

lu n, JK I a+j b+k c+l


Addition of Matrices
ld ef ! mno d+m e+n f +a
tLsh i pq r g+p h+q i+r
uo Jk i a-j b-k c-t
f "
Subtraction of Matrices
ld e ti nno
pq r
d-m e*n
h-q
f -a
Lsh s-p i-r

f%;;:f--:il",a":l 4 21
L2 -t}l |" -5 -61'
A+B=f6 -tl *in _61 2l
L2 -r2l L-5
la+a -7+2 I
:ll
Lz + t-si -r2 + (-6)l

=l
| :o -bl I

L-3 -1Bl
ilW FindA-BifA=lg
-J, 8i t 4-3 I
-+lanaa=l-z rl.
8l f n-el tto 7J [-e sJ
ct
l-2
3-4
e_a:l110 zJ1-l-2
.s
,9
1l
C
o
E
o
L-e sj
()
B_(_3)l
:i
; :ll-2-4
3-(-2) -4-r l:il_6b-b
11"

(5
E 10-(-6) 7-8 I 16
L L -1
i-
a
E:xercises
.a
.9
.=
P,erform the indicated operations. rf the matrix does not exist. write i'b,le"
'o
d
-io-sgl f-+s zl
:I
a,
(5
' i-?, il-11 _Jl a.t
15J
L-3
l+.t
Lag-+l
l

| 6l f 5-21 f-ri 6t
.rrr-l
.9 fr.l-3 1+[-6 3 -2] n.l-4 6l*l 2_5
l, ,l
(5
o
t,7 eJ L 4-7 I
1

-c
;
.9
I a o -ol l-z r zl I i?t ;i 21
()
5. 1 + s -nl-l s -n sl o. l
4 5l_12 3l
l,-z s 4J L-s s al IL-tI 4l i2 rl
5i L5 -tl

Chapter 4 41 Algebra
DATE PEFIOD
--_-
Study Guide and Intervention kontinued,)

Operations with M atrices


Scaf ,ar Multiplication You can multipl5r an m x n matrtxby a scalar,b.

Scalar Multiprlication rl: z:l : i:"':,]


ln
ffiffiEF rra = i_: 3] *u" : i-; :],rind BB - 2.A.

u1 n ol
sB-2A=ui-t -rf
LTBl L-63j
3(-1) 3(5)l | 2(q 2Q)l
l-l I Multipiv
3(7) 3(8)l L2(-6) 2(3)l
:l
[-eisl I eol l-l Simplify.
Lzt z+) L-rz o l
I

l- o
l-.J-d o rr
IO-Ul n']
Subtract
1.21 (-12)
I
-l
24 6 )-
=l
['-tt rs I
I Simolify.
i 33 18l

Exercises;
Perform ttre indicated operations. If the matrix does not existo write impossible. o
c

o=J
2-n 3l .f 6 lb el
t.6l| o T-1 ,.-*i l2s -Lo -4s1 @

sr -ea za 3.0.21 s ss -so c)


o
l

L-d t; gj
|
L-18 3 45 )
I

L 60 35 -951
i

o
e
T

9
=.
o
+
4.31
l-d bl_
z f -t
,l u. -rl3 * -11 +l-2 ol
l

t2. 3l L0 7J
I

L-3 5l L2 Dl o
:

(-1

:o
rl fr-, 5l-ofa r -nl
a.zl 6 -10
i-5 8l L4'
l*sl rl
l,4l
rJ -Lz -5 -11 o
=.
3l L-3 4 I
-

l2g il |4 ol rl |.s -b l\
8.Bl -11*31-2 3l t+l
+{l-? OJ
L-z +J L s -41 ' L1 zJj

Chapter 4 42 Glencoe Algebra


DATE PERIOD

--
Study Guide and Intervention
Multiplying Matrices

A.B=AB
Multiplication of Matrices
[" ol.f" tl-lae+og
=
ar+bh]
f" oj'Ln nl lce * as d + dhl

r@ Find AIB if A = l-4 3 I


I r -zls
l2 -2 I andB =
|.-r l'
-i -il .r s -21 LT 7 I

; ;l r-'
A'B = Subsiitution
3l
3(-1)2x2-4{-z) + 3(3)
f -4(5)
3x2
+
'= I 2(5) + (-2X-1) 2(-2) + (-2X3) Multiply columns by rows.
L 1(5) + 7(-1) 1t-2) + T(3)
-28 tr I
12 -10 Simplify
|

-2 19.l

E:xercises
F.ind each product, if possible.
.c
tL. l ='1.
tAll
3 0l q fr
l-t ol' I s zl 3. lo -r
ln fo
l.) *'
l-2 3l 0 3l la
LU zJ L-r +l 124 L2
=
=
3
E

F
o
Fo
o
f-3 tl la -l | * -rl tl
|L-5o- ,l.ft
o ,,
-r.l
0 -2.1 5. 1
6
=
I
l" 5 -2)
I I
|
-,1 1 1t
' ;J L2 1J
3
6
(5

bo

a)
o ierol i2o-Bl
,'.1-n e .
| [0 4 -3] -lt_?li_;-:l o.l t + *zl. I
L_2 7J
l-r s rj I ,4

Chapter 4 43
DATE PERIOD

Study Guide and Intervention kantinued,)


---_
Multiplying Matrices
Multiplicintive Properties The Commutative Property of Multiplication does nof hold
for rrLatricesi.
For any mati'ices A, 8, and C for which the matrix product is
Prooerties of Matrix Multiplication
defined, and any scaiar c, the following properties are true.
Ass;ociative Property of Matrix Multiplication (AB)C = A{8C)
Assrociative Property of Scalar Multiplication c(AB):(cA)B=A(cB)
Lefi: Distributive Property C(A-rB) =CA+CB
Right Distri butive Property (A+B)C:AC+BC

ffiffiW;;: fltl,; = 1; _l], .,,u " : ll -;l * rind eaoh product.

a. (.A + B)C

{,\ + B)C _{fa -al *fz ol\ .ft -zl


\Lz 1J L5 -31/ L6 3l
fa -sll.l ii -zl I
=l
Lz -z) L6 3l
_ + (-3)(6) 6{-2) + (-3X3)l
- 16(1)
Lzll + (-2)(6) 7G2) + (-2X3)l
f-rz -zrl
-tl
L -5 -2ol
h.zlC + IIC
*f z 9l .t1-?l3J
(:

.ir+Etc=ln -tlrj .ft -zl


3l
L

lz L5-31 L6
e'-

Lo o
i4(1) + (-3x6) 4(-2) + (-3x3)l *, l2ftt + 0(6) 2(-D + 0(3) I
(-l
.t
=
lz(o + 1(6) zt-2) + 1(3) i Lsrt, + (-3)(6) s(-2) + (-3xs)l o

| 2 -41=L-s-zol
:lf-i+8-tzl *L-ts-lei l-tz -zt1 o

-il .5

Not,: that although the results in the example iilustrate the Right Distributive Property, e
the3r ds nob Prove it' 4
a

;
Exercisers r I -:\,and S
a
u".,a: [B !,, =[: f]," = [- i1 scatar c = -4to determine whether
1,5 -21' L2 r{ i for th'e given matrices.
-31 =
a)
the follovring equations are tru'e c

1.,:(AB) == (cA)B 2.AB: BA 6

3..BC : (]B 4. (AB)C : AIBC)


5.C(A + B) = AC + BC 6.c(A+B)=cA+cB

Chapter 4 44 Glencoe Algebra


DATE PERIOD

ffi nd intervention
-
Determinants and Cramer's Rule
DetgfminantS A2x2 matrix has a second-order dererminant: a Bx3 matrix h
th.ird-order determinant.

For the matrix


a *" determinant ,' : : aa -
f oc,
3], | l=

lo cl
For the matrix | 4 I ihe determinani is found using the diagonal rule.
I
I,
Third.Order td
LY i)
Determinant
d

The area of a triangle having verlices (a, b), (c, d), and (e, l) !s lA l,

Area of a Triangle

Evaluate eaeh deterrninant.

6 3l 145
b.it
_U
^-l DI 3
l2 *3
G
6 3l
=6(5)-3(-B) l+ 5l
E

5l
=
I
i
O
S
o
ts
-8

: [4(3)6
lm
+ 5(0)2 + (-2)1(*3)] - t(-2)s(2)
J
A _J

o
4(0X-3) + 5(1)61
.>
g
= [72+ 0 + 6] - I-12 +- 0 + B0l
=
T
a
=78-16=59
Exercises
a
@

Erialuate each determinant.


-?l
(9

| 3 --2 -21
,. 32:|
=-
_
t.l? 3.1 o 4 1l
o
15 7l I 6l
l-r 4 -31

4. Find the area of a triangle with vertices (2, -J'), (2, 4), and (_5, b).

Chapter 4 47
DATE _--- PERIOD

Study Guide and lntervention kontinued,)

Determinants and Cramer's RuIe


Cramgr's Rule Determinants provide a way for solving systems of equations.

t- Let C be the coefficient matrix ol the system ax + by = 7n

Cramer's Rule for fx+gY:n


Twr-Variable Systems l, bl ta ml
i
The sotution orthis system,.* = n= irc + 0.
;U11, [f,

#HffiWU"" C."*";'. Rd";;;il;h" "y"i"* of equations. br - 10y -_ g


1{lr*25y:-2
lm ol la
tl
ml
tl
ln El
t^l Cramer's Rule it-
J -
lf "l
tul l^l
tut

-
Itl 8 -101 iti s sl
-2
|
= --;-;;l-
251
a=5,b=-10,f=10,S=25,m=B,n=-2 t10 -21
o
I| 10-rul I 5 -1ol
251 i ro zsl
_ g(25) - (-2X-10) E..^',,^l^ each r^+^,6;-^_l 5(-2) - 8(10)
5(25) : (-10X10)
Evaluate ^^^h determinant.
5(25) - (-10X10)
_ 180or4 onD
225 -- 5 225 "'
Simplify. a)
o
5 =L
€_
The solutio" ir- /3. -3).
\5', 5J' e)
o
c
a
Exerrcises 4

c)
LJse Cramer's Rule to solve each systern of eqrrations.
:-
l.lix-2y=7 2.x-4y:17 3.2x-!=-2 =
2!,x+7y=38 3x-y:29 4x-y=4 a:
:
:!
c)

4,2t'x - ! .= 1 5.4x*2y=L 6,6x-3y=-3 -t


+
tix*2y--29 5x-4Y=24 2x+y:21 i-1
sq

+ 7y: LG - 3y: -2 orrY-, i-


T.i!,x 8.2x "'3'5-- =
<)
a:-2y.-]Q 3x-4Y=8 _x !
:i
2
40
-_--

10.6r-9y=-1 ll.3x-LZy=-L4 L2.Bx+2v=9


"7
tix+L9,y:L2 9x+6Y:-7 5x,-4Y=-i2.7

Chapter 4 48 Glencoe Algebra


DATE PFRIOD
---
Study Guide and lntervention
Inverse Matrices and Sysfems of Eqwatjons
ldentity and Inverse Matrices Tne identity matrix for niatrix multiplicatir
square matrix with 1s for er.ery element of the main diagonal and zeros elsewhere

ldentity Matrix for lf 4 is an n x n matrix and / is ihe icientity matrix,


Multiplication thenA./:Aandl.A=A.
If an n x n matrix A has an inverse A-i, then A

lE@ DeterminewhetherX: l' *l andy:


r
_2.|
I Tlare
inverse matrices. LlO 6J | -5 t]
FjindX. Y.
4l.lrl 3 _21
r

x.Y:l110 6l 7
l-5
|
tl
L 2)
-l

lqt -20 -14+r41o'lfr 0l


l--
130 - so -2o + zrj o 1l
Fi.nd Y X.
I
Y.X= s -2llt 41
zl'lio
-b z) 6l
21-20 t2-r2l o'lfi 0l
'E
-35 + 35 -zo + zil o tJ
6
E
Since X Y : Y . X = I,X and Yare inverse matrices.
o
O
=
I E:xercises
=
g
Determine whether the matrices in each pair are inverses of each other.

6
-:]
fr2 -1
2iu.,oi lo
el .- 'i
z"l3 4l "landi
3.1" _1J
l-

' i3 :] "". l-3


.e
a
E i5 s sl
Iy_Z |

L5 L
ol

=
I
z l
;
r;l ' l; -il'". il :l
'l
r^ ,-'l
(5
4,. 1b trl"nd f, l-+
1t
1f
o
o

6
L3 14J lo
Lo
t-
"[,: :]*u -l
3l

o
z f"
lr
,l; ;l *o
.1 DI
,1 ; dl
l5 Blu,,a
|.-3 +l
.91

o I ano
l3 s. [u
L4 6j
,l
O
'. L; -rI IL ro
-"
I -o _51
2l
1
r
-,I-l
I

L
,0,.fu 2lu,,a
L4 -61
Is
I
t*4
". 1,1
ra

31"".i_,?
-l -,.,
"'17
f+ dt
rl
ul
I and
ol
:)i
,il
-J
I

Chapter 4 49
DATE PERrog

Study Guide and lnteruention (contintled)

lnyerse Matrices and Systems of Equations


Matfix EquatiOnS A matrix equation for a system of equations consistp of the product
of th': coefficient and variable matrices on the left and the constant matrix od the right of
the equals s;ign.

@Juseamatrixequationtosolveasystemofequations.
3t;-7y-12
e;*5y--8
Determirre the coefficient, variable, and constant matrices.
fs
I -71l.l f"ll:l I tzl ad-bc
11 5l Lv) L-Bl
I

F:Lnd the inverse of the coeffrcient matrix.


f b tl
7l | 22 221
l=ll
a b
c d
3(5) - 1(-7) Bl l_t22 221
3 |

|
Rewrite the equation in the form of X - A-18
t--l

i*l=l#;zft
Lyl l_1
ul
3lL-8J
| 22 22l
Solve.
I zl
i;l =l Tl
c)
C
E
:_

L- t' j =
o
5)
Exerrcisers e
d,
Use a matrix equation to solve each systerrr of equations. =
c)
!)
L.2!a * J'= 8 2.4x-3y=18 I
tix-3y=-L2 x*2y-12 gl
s.
9.
o
f
q
I
5

3.','x. - 2t : L5 4.hc-Gy=24 a
f
ilx*Y,=-10 3x*y+8=0 =
;
!3
6'
:-
:t
o

5.tix*21 =18 6.3x- t :24


e:: -*t * 25 3Y:84-2x

50 Glencoe Algebra
DATE PERIOD

--
Study Guide and Intervention
Graphing Quadratic Functions
Graph Quadratic Functions
A function defined by an equation of the form f(x) : axz + bx + c, where a

Graph of a A parabola with these characteristics: y-intercept: c; axis of symmetry: x :


Quadratic Function
x-coordinate of vertex:
=b
za

t tio'ortrr* axis cf symrnetry, nrl the


r-eoordinate of the vertex for the graph of f\x) - f
tor graph the function.
- Sr *. b. Use this in ation
a : !, b = -3, and c : 5, so the y-intercept is 5- The equation of the axis of syrnm
-(-3) .c --
r =;A;ror f. fne r-coordinate of the vertex is f.
N,ext make a table of values for r near $.
x x2-3x+5 t(x) (x, f(x))
n O'?-3(0)+5 5 (0, 5)
1
'1,-3(1)+5 (1, 3)

(f)'- s(f) + s 11 /3 11\


4 \Z'4)
z 22-?(9\+c.
_v\_/rv y=
(2,+x^2…minimum
3)
32-3(3)+s y= -x^2…maximum
/a tr\
L'
5
c
a
Exercises
E
Complete parts a-c for each quadratic function.
I=
; a. Find the y-intercept, the equation of the axis of symmetry, and the
o of the vertex.
=
@ b. Make a table of values that includes the vertex.
F
c. {Jse this information to graph the function.
c
.9
.9
.2
c
l.f{:)=x2*6x+8 Z.ftx)=-x2-2x+2 3.fls)=2x2*4x
s
I
*
(5

o
I
7
'=
o

Chapter 5
51
DATE PERIOD

Study Guide and lntervention kontinuecr)


-.__
Graphing Quad ratic Functions
Maximurn and Minimum Values The y-coor<iinare of the vertex of a quadratic
funcl;ion is the maximrrm value or minimum value of the function.

i Maxirnum or Minimum Value The graph of l(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a t' 0. opens up and has a minimum j

I
I
of ar Ctuadrartic Function when a > 0. The graph opens dorarn and has a maximum when a < 0

ffiEffiF n"t.rroine whether each function has a nraxirnum or minirnum


value,, and find that value. Then state the domain and range of the function.
a. f(xl :3;tr2 - 6x + 7 b. f(x) - 100 - 2r - xz
Fc,rthislhrnction, a:3 andb - -6. For this function. a = -1 and b : -2.
Since o )' 0, the graph opens up, and the Since d ( 0, the graph opens down, and
function has a minimum value. the function has a maximurn value.
The minimum value is the v-coordinate of The maximum value is the y-coordinate of
the vertex. The r-coordinate of the the vertex. The r-coordinatre of the vertex
-6 = 1. :^ -uAO_ -L t
ve rt;ex is -h
^a = --i. 'o 2o - - 2t-L\ - -r'
za 2(3\
Evaluate the function at r : -1 to find
E.ra.luate the function at x: 1 to frnd the
the maximum value.
min.imurn value.
f([) = 3(1)'? - 6(1) + 'l = 4, so the /(-tl : 100 - 2(-1) - (.-1F = 101-, so the
minimum value of the function is 101. Th
min,imura value of the function is 4. The
domain is a1l real numbers. The range is
domain is ali real numbers. The range is aii reals less than or equai to the
all reals greater than or equatr to the maximum value. that is {f(x) | f(x)'< 1C1i.
minLimurn value, that is lf@) | f(x) >- 4\. ()
c.
!

Exerr'cises 5
o
Det,errnin,e whether each function has amaxitnum or rninintutn value, arrd find a_l
i)
that; rraluei. Then state the domain and range of the function.
Z,flx) = x2 * 4x * 7 3. f\x) : 3:r2 .-. 3;r + l-
a)

1.1'Q,) :2x2 - rc + 10 ()
.i
::
;;
i;
a
t2.
()

4.]\x): xP * 5x + 2 5.flx):20+6x-x2 6.flr)=4xztx*3 5


(l

:i
6

ti)


!

a
8.fl"r) = x2 - 10r * 9. flx) = *6x2 + :z
1.1\x)=--x2-4x+14 5 L2x :- 27 3
f
d

Cha;rter 5 52 Glencoe Algebra


DATE *__- PERIOD

Solvrng Quadratic Equatfons by Graphing


Srolve Quadratic Equations
Quadratic Equation i Aquadraticequation hastheform ax2 + bx +p : 0, where a *i.
Roots of a Quadratic Equation solution(s) of the equation, or the zero(s) oj the related quaciratic i

The zeros of a quadratic function are the r-intercepts of its graph. Therefore, fi.ndi
r-:intercepts is one u'ay of solving the related quadratic equation.

ilffi;:o:ouvg."prri',g.
Graph the related function f(x)
- 6. : x2 +x
The r-coordinate of the vertex is
*b
: -f.1 and' the
''
za equation of the
axis of symmetry is r = -*.
-
Make a table of values using r-vaiues around
-] L
x I I
1

f(x) -6 ^l
-1 -6 A

From the table and the graph, we can see that the zeros of the fuqction are:Z anci -_3

Exercises
use the related graph of each equation to determine its solution.
L.x2 + 2x - B:0 2.x2 - 4x - 5: O 3.x2-5r*<1 :0

4.x2-10r*2L=Q 5.x2+4x*6=A 8.4x2 + 4r, + 1 = 0

Chapter 5 53 Gtencoe Algebra 2


DATE PERIOD

---
Study Guide and Intervention kontinued)
Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing
Estimate SolutionS* Often, you may not be able to find exact solutions to quadratic
eque,tions by graphing. But you can use the gt.ph to estirnate solutions.

@ffiilrc"r""#; - 2 - by graphing. If exact roots cannot be found,


0
the c,onsecutive integers between which the roots are
statre located.
The equation of the axis of symmetry of the related function is
t = --*=
.2{ rI
1, so the vertex has x-coordinate 1. Make a tabie of values.

x I
Q 1 1

f(x) 1
-2 -3 -2 1

The :r-interr:epts of the graph are between 2 and 3 and betrn een 0 and
-1. Iic one ,solution is between 2 and 3, and the other solution is
between 0 emd -1.

Exen:ises;
Solve the elquations. If exaet roots cannot be found, state the consecrntive irrtegers
betqre,en w.hich the roots are located.
1.x:'--4x.+2:0 2.x2 + 6r + 6 = 0 3.x2+4x+2:A
()
xa
:
c_

o
a
=
c

;
_o
s.

:c
4.-x1t+2tc+4=A 5.2x2-L2x+17=0 6. -fu'+,+$=o :
o

;
-:
L
o
I
5

Chapter 5 54 Glencoe Algebra 2


DATE PERIOD

Study Guide and Intervention


Solvfng Quadratic Equations by Factoling
F,actored Form T9y3te a quadratic equation with roots p and q,let (x - illx * q) = 0.
T.henmultiply using FOIL.

l ii-"t"ia""d formi*i*r, the given roots.


a.3, -5 L7t
"' -E-'E'
(x-p)(x-q):0 Write the pattem. (x-p)$-q).=0
(r - 3)[x - (-5)] :0 p with 3, q with -5. a .r

- (-')j ('- *) = o
Replace
(r-3Xr+5)=0 Simplify. F
x2+?,x-15=Q Use FOIL. t t\/ r\
l,*sJP-tJ =o
The equationx2 + 2x - 15:0hasroots (8r + 7) (3r - 1)
3 and -5.
83
1x*1x = x^2
Ls=?j+i :24.0
-=U
24x2+1S*-T=0
x^2 + 5x + -3x - 15
1x*5 = 5x
x^2 + 2x - 15 = 0 Theequation24x2 * 13r -7 - 0has
. 1 -1
-3*x = -3x roots -U andf.
-3*5 = -15
Exercises
-. write a quadratic equation in standard forroo with the grverl root(s).
'-
6
7i.3, -4 2. -8, 3.1,9
E -2
I
=
3
6
41"
-5 5. 10, 7 6. -2, 15
co
i
o

.4

d
o. -*,u *.r, 3 n. -r,z
-;
6
10.3, 11.
o
? --;, -1 L2. g,
+
0
_9

g
7 L8-?, -3 tn-2,-+ ru.+,
*
()

L6- -+, + ,r.+,1 18. +, +


dt)

Chapter 5 55 Glencoe Algebra 2


DATE ____--- PEFIOD

Study Guide and Intervention kontinued")

Solvfng Quadratic Equafions by Faetoring


Solvel Equations by Factoring When you use factoring to soive a quadratic equation.
you use the following property.
For any real numbers a and b, if ab = 0, then either d = 0 or b :0, or both a and b = 0

ffigffiS Sotrz. each equation by factoring"


a.3tP : 15.r b.4# - 5x :2L
: Llx Original equation
Sxtz - 5x = 21 oriqinat equation
4x2
3x2 - LElc : 0 Subtract 15x trom both sides. 4x2 - 5x - 2l : 0 Subtract 21 from both sides.

1tc(x - 5) = 0 Factorthebinomial. i4r + 7)(x - 3) = 0 Facto, the trinomial.


3* == 0 o'.r x, - 5 = 0 Zero Product Property 4x+7 =A orx- 3=0 ZeroProductPropertv
7
f, == 0 o:r x : 5 Solve each equation. x- - 4, Ot x:3 Solveeachequation.

Tlie solution set is {0, 5}. gi.


The solution set is {-1.
| 4', j
4x^2 - 5x - 21 = 0
Exerciser; 4,1 -7, 3
Solv'e each equation by factoring. 4,1 7, -3

tr" 612 - 2x:0 2.x2 =7x 3.20x2 = -25x

4.6x2 = 7t: 5.6x2-27x=A 6.72x.2-8r::0 O


c

J
o
O

7"x2+r-.30:0 8.2x2-x-3:0 9.x2+14x.+33:0 o

L0.4xtt+2''7x-7=0 l1^.3x2+29x-10=0 12.6x2-5x-4--0 =


?
::
:
E

73.L2:r2 - {lr * 1 = 0 14.5x2 -l 28x - 12 : A 15.2x2 - 25Ax + 5000 :0 J


o

a
t

16.%c2-ILv-40:0 L7.2xz +21-x. - 11 :0 18.3r2*2x-27=A a)


c
!
:.

L9.Bxtz - t,Lx * 3:0 2O.6x2+L1i-2:O 21.5x2 -f 17x - 12 : 0

22.12.* *'.25x * 12 = 0 23.12x2*18"x+6:0 24.7x2-36x*5:0

Chapter 5 56 Glencoe Algebra 2


DATE PERIOD

Study Guide and Intervention


Complex Numbers
Purg lmaginary Numbers A square root of a number n is a number
whose square
is n. For nonnegative real numbers o and b, \/;b
- \/a. Vb and fl* = $, t 7 O.
r The imaginary unit i is defined to have the property that ,, =' !r.
t/u

' Simplified square root expressions d.o not have radicals in the dfenominator,
and. an;r
number remaining under the square root has no perfect square
factor other than l.

IW
a. Simplift' y -43. a. Simplifu -gi. (,i.
\/48: !rrd;T=t -3i'4i= -12i2
= V16 . V5. V:T : -12(-+1)
= 4il/B =12
b. Simplify /-63 b. Simplify r,f3 . l*ls
V-s .V-rs'= iV5.r/lb
l-=

V-63 = V-1 -7 -9
= V:1- .\/V .t/s
: i2JB
= Si t/7 --1.v5.vF
= -BVB

_.
c
.9
12 + 5:0 original equation.
c xz = -5 Sublract S from each side.
a
E
x : +t/ 5i sguare Root property.
I
;
E Exercises
Sirnplify.
F
o
r. \FVz 2. \r14
.a
!->
6 s. \/=a 4. {2 + i)(2 - i)
=
E

Sollve each equation.


o
o
5. \xz * 45:0 6.4x2+24=0
o
c
'c
o
7. -9x2 =I 8.7x2+84=0

Chapter 5
57 Glencoe Algebra 2
DATE PERIOD
-=--.--_
Study Guide and lntervention (continued)

Complex l\iurnbers
Operations with Complex Numbers
A complex number is any number ihat can be written in the form a bi,where
+. a and b are
Complex Nurmber real numbers and i is the imaginary unit (i2 _1). a is called the
= real part, and b is calleci
the imaginary pan.
Addition anrj Combine like terms.
Subtraction of (a + bil + (c + dt) = (a + c) + (b + d)i
Complex Numbers (a + bi) - (c + di) : (a c) - (b _ d)i
-
Multiplication of Use the definition ot it un
Complex Numbers (a + bi)(c + dt) : (ac - bd)+ (ad + bc)i
Compliex Cornjugate
a + bi and a - bi are complex conjugates. The prcduct of complex conjugates is arways a
real number.

To divide by a complex number. first multipiy the dividend and divisor by the complex
conjugate of the divisor.

ffiffi$fst-pufr (6+i)+(4-5t). Simplify (8 + 3t) - (6 * 2t).


(6+d)+(4-5i) (B+3i)-(6-2i)
-((i++t +(1 -b)f = (8 - 6) + [3 * (_z)]i
//a .

:10-4,i :2+5i
ffi#tiifi*tr*ilffi Drlnpfiry
(2-5i).(--4+2i)
it *
*nrtr" \z o '. \-+
oL) ?4 ++ zt). ffiriir-;$.srmpl
zi).1i ffiiffi' a

I s-; s-r 2_ zi ;o
:2(-4) + 2(2i) + (-5iX-4) + (-bix2t) l2 +3i +3i 2 -3i
2
c
I a-o; 9i r
=-.8*<Li+20i-10i2 I :6-9i-2i+3i'z a.

= -8 * tz4i - 10(-1) i *.
4+9i2
:2+24i | :2 -JLi
I.J
.-.

I
n r<
1.) 10 -
LO arJ
e
Exercises o
'j
f,
Simplify.
1",, (-,{ + 2i) + (6 - 3t) 2.(5 - i) - (3 - 2i) 3.(6- 3i)+(4*2i)
oo
4.(-t1 +4i)- (1-5r) 5.(B+4i)+(€-4i) 6. (5 + 2i) - (-6 - Si'i !
.J

i;

7" (2 -+ tx:t - t) 8. (5 - 2i)@ - i) s"@-2i)(1 *2i) 5

10"=I ftt'-- i -13i Ie 6 - 5i


3+-i. 2i- .1'

Chapter 5 58 Glencoe Algebra 2


DATE PERIOD

Study Guide and Intervention


Completing the Square
-
Square Root Property use the sqryr,e Root Propelty to solvE a quadratic equation
,,plrfect-square
that is in the form "
trinomiat =
"orr.t#t.i

l
the nearest hundredth if rr**""""o. "** il Snr"*" noot e"op.rty. Round to

a.*-8r+L6:ZS
x2-8x*16:25 I b.4e_Zbx*25:g2
4x2 - 20x * 25= 32
' (n- 4)2=25 (2x*5)2:32
x-4=t/25 or x-4=-\Ei 2x-5:r/War2x-S:-t/82
x=5*4=9or x:_E*4:_1 2x - 5 = 4\/t ay2x S:
The solution set is {9,
- -At/i
-1}. *-5x4\/'
z

rhe solutio{r set is


{-1#t}
Errercises
fo'lv_e "11equation by using the square Root property. Roqnd. to the nearest
hurndredth if neeessary.
d
c
l,,xz - 18r + 81 :49 Z.x2 + 2Ox * 100 = 64 g. rc, + 4x + I : 16
a;
o Text
d
E
o
O
=
3
o 4.36x2 + \2x * 1: 18 5.9x2-12x+4:4 6.25x'+ 4Ox * 16
= = 29
F

e
'.9

I= 7.4x2-28x*4g=64 8.1612+24x*9=91 9.10012-60r*9=121


3
o
o
o
o
g
@

.9
74.25x2*2Ox*4=75 tl.36x2 I + 16:
o 48x 12 L2.25x2-30r+9=g6

Chapter 5
59 Gtencoe Algebra Z
DATF ---- PERIOb

Study Guide and Intervention (continuef,.)

Completing fhe Sguare


C"onleleJg thg Square To complete the square for a quadratic expressipn of the form
x2 + bx, follow these-steps

r. Find
f,. + 2. Square
f. --) s. Add (*)'" xz + bx.

IE$sslfr."dtI";;"
ofc that nnakes f 22*
s;1";2rt:8"-ei:ouv
+ * ca completing the square.
perfeet square trinomial.
Then write the trinomial as the 2x2-U-24=g Original equatiOn

square of a binomial. 2x2-8x-24 _0 Dlvide each side by 2.


22
Stepl b- 22;$:s x2-4x-L2:0 x2 - 4x - 12 is not a perfect square

x2-4x:L2 Add 12 to each side.


Step2 112=121 x2-4x*4 =12+4 t
't2
Step 3 c: Since (|) = 4, add 4 to each side.
L2L (x-2)2 =16 Factor the squ4re.
The trinomial is lc2 * 22x + t2L, x-2=*4 Square Root Pfoperty
which can be written as (r + 11)2. x:6otx: -2 Solve each eqrpation.
The solution set is i6, -2].

Exercises;
Find the value of c that makes each trinomial a perfect square. Thert qrrite the o
trinomial as a per{ect square.
c
E
=,
--
l. x2 10r; * c 2.x2 + 6Ax * c 3.x2 - 3s + c e
c)
E'

4" x2 .+ 3.2,x * c 5.x2+|*+" 6.x2-2.5x+c c)

=
s
a.
:o
Solve eactr equation by completing the square.
7.y"-4y-5=0 8.x2-8r-65=0 9.w2-10p*2I-0 =

o
o
{
=
7O.2x'-Br;*1:0 lL.2x2-13s-7:0 12.25x2+40r-9:0 c
o
_.

:
l}.xz -+ 4x + L:0 L4.y2+I2y+4=0 L5.t2 + 3t - 8:0

Chapter 5 60 Glencoe Algebra 2


DATE PERIOD

Study Guide and Interyention


The euadratic Formura and the Disc
rlminant
Cluadratic Formufa rrre Quadratic Formula
it is written in the form axz + bx +
can be used to solve anyquadratic
ertruation once
"
: 0.--
The solutions ol ax2 + bx + c: 0, with a f 0, areqivdn bv * _ -b tt/or-iqac
za

l ;"t s fi; ar"Ji"tr. Formuta.


Rewrite the equation as 12
- Sx - rn : O.

2a Quadratic Formula

-(-5) + \fi:sF=(lx:1ai
Replace a with 1, b with -5, and c w'th _14
2(1)
5+VaT
__-2-
- Simplify.
._5t9
2
,=7or-2
Tlre solutions are
-Z and 7.

Exercises
Sorlve eacb equation by using the
euadratie Formula.
1.x2+2x-35=O 2.x2+10r*24:O
-: 3.4'-11-r+24=0
.9
o
E

=
I
; 4,,4x2+1gr-5=0 5.\4x2+9x+1=0
G 6.4x' - x- 15 = g

F
o
7.3x2+5x=2 8.2y'* y - :
.0 15 o 9.3r'- 16r + 16 = 0
E

T
=-
3
E
10.8r2*Bx-9=0 17.r2-**Z?=o
= 12.xP-10r-50:0
_9

o
.3
13.x2+6x-2A-0 14.4x2-12x-63=6
d
15.x2-Gx*27:0

Chapter 5
61 Glencoe Algebra 2
DATE PERIOD
---
Study Guide and Interventlon konti*ued)
The Quadratic Formula and fhe Disc riminant
Root; and the Discriminant
The expression under the radical sign, b2 - 4ac,in the Quadratir: Formula is called
the discriminant.

Discrriminant Type and Number of Roots


b2 - 4ac > 0 and a pedect square 2 rational roots
bz - 4ac > 0, but not a perfect square 2 irrational roots
b2-4ac=O 1 rational root
b2-4ac<0 2 connplex roots

ffiHffifif frra
the value of the discriminant for each equation. Then d.escribe
the numbe;r and type of roots for the equation.
a.2**5**3 b.3x2 - 2s + 6
The: disc,riminant is The discriminant is
b2 -- 4ac :
52 4(2)(3) or 1.
- b2 * 4ac = (-2)2 - 4(3)(5) or -56.
Ther discriminant is a perfect square, so The discriminant is negative, so t;he
the equation has 2 rational roots. equation has 2 complex roots.

Exercises;
Complete parts a-c for each quadratic equation. ()
o
a. Finid th,e value of the diseriminant.
b. Derscribe the nurnber and type of roots. =
o
c. Finrd the exact solutions by using the Quadratic Formula.
5)
d

7" p' + 12trt = -4 2.9x2 - 6r + 1 = 0 3.2x2-ix*4=0


o

A:
gr
5.

4"x2+4x-4:0 5.5x2-36r+7=0 6.4x2 -4. *11=0 L


.:

:.
7,x2-7x+6:0 8, rn2 - 8m = -14 9.25x2 * 40x: -1/c
t,
a:
It
f

.
trO.4x'z + 20x + 29 -- A !L.6x2*26x*B:0 12.4x.2 - 4x -" 11 : 0

Chapter 5 62 Glencoe Algebra 2


DATE --_-- PFF|OD

Study Guide and Intervention


Transtormations with euadratic Functians
vlr/rite
Quadratic Equations in vertex Form A quadratie tuncrion is easier tc,
gt'aph when it is in vertex form- You can write r qord"ru"
! : ax2 + bx + c in vertex from by completing tfr"'rq"l."l function of the forrn

l :i%c + 25;;;;;; form. fhen graph the function.


! =2x2 - 12x + 25
!=2(x2-Gx)+25
!,=2(x2-6r*9)+2b-18
!,=2(x-B)2+z
Tlre vertex form of the equation is y 2(r _
- J)2 + 7 .

Errercises
vtl:rite each equation in vertex forrrr. Then graph
the function.
7.y:x2-l}x+32 2.y : x2 + 6x 3.y:x2-8x*6

s
.e
c
q
E
C)

r
=

ts
c
,9
.e
t
d 4.y:-4x2+16r-11 5.y=3x2-l2x+5 6.y = 5x2 -- l}x + I
!
3
6

o
-9

!o
o
o
O

Chapter 5
63 Glencoe Algebra 2
NAME
DATE p[:RtOD

Study Guide and Intervention (continued)


ranstorm ati ons w'ffr eu ad ratic F u
T
- ncfions
Transformations of Quadratic Functions paraboras
can be transformed by
of the Lo"'tu't. o , h, andfr tntr,e.,!ltu* ro*
;t::tli,3"J?:-. of a quadraric equation:
. T'he si;gn of o determines whether
the graph opens upward (o > 0) or downward (a < 0).
. The atrsolute value of o aiso causes a
dilation (eniargement or red"uction) of
piarabc)la. The parabola becornes the
narrower if t" t > f i"a wider if
la I < f .
" The value of h translates the parabolahorizontally. positive
values of A siide the graph
tc, the :right and negative valuls
shde the gr";hJ;;i" i.n.
' Tlhe value of k tra,nsrates the graph
vertically. Positive values of ,4 siicle the graph
upward and negative values ,tia" tn" graph
downrvard.

#ffiilf c""ph,'=d;?,n.
o Rewrite the equation asy
- [x _ (_7)], + 3.
. Becaus,e h = -7 and. k: 3, the vertex is (_2,
at B). The axis
of symraetry is .r = -7. Because a 1, we
= kno,,v that the
grapl opens up, and the graph is the same *iatf,
grraph of y - x2.
* tir"
' Translate the graph ofy
tni:ee unrts uo.
- rc2 seven units to the left and

c)
Exercises; a
o

=
Graph eaclh function. o
o
:
1. y=, -2x2 +2 2. y= -3(r-1)' 3.J,- 2(x + 2)2 + 3 Ci
1.

=
3-
s
:c
o

l
o

a)

*=
()

-
3

Chapter s
64 Glencoe Algebra Z
NAME DATE

Studg Guide Student Edition


Poges 291-297
Paratlelograms
Any. four-sided polygon is caiied a quadrilaterar. A segment
iot:li"g any two nonconsecutive oerti."r in a quadrilateral is
called a diagonal. A special kind of quadrilaterai in wrrich
both
pairs of opposite sides are parallel ls cailed a parellslogram.
The foliowing theorems a1l concern parallelograms.

' 9pposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.


'. QPposite angles -of a parallelogram are congruent.
Consecutive angles in a-parallelogram are supplementary.
. The diagonals of a paralleiogramlisect each otfr"r.

Example: If the quadrilateqal in the figure is a para[erogram,


find the values of x. y, artd. z.
XO
Since opposite angles of a parallelogram are
congruent, x : 72.
72c

Since consecutive angles of a parallelogram are


supplementary, y * 72 : 1g0. Therefoie,y : 10g.
Since opposite sides of a parailelogl"am are
congruent, z : 8.
If each quadrilaterar is a parailerogram, find the varues of x, y,
and z.
1. c).
1 050 310_
yo
3.
440
xo zo

4. In parallelogram ABCD, mLA : Br 5. In paralleiogram RS?rf, diagonals


andmLB:42 + 40. Find the measure If
of arrgles A, B, C, and D. "R? and VS intersqct at e.
RQ:5r + l and Q?: Br * lb,
find Q?.

Exp$r:1why it is impossible for each figure to be a


paralletrogram.
6. 10 '1. 1300 550

125c.

O Glencoey'McGraw-Hill
32 Geometry
NAME DATE
Student Ediii:ion
Studg Guide Poges 298-504

Iesfs for Parallelograms


You can show that a quadrilateral is a paralleiogram if you can
sho'w th:rt one of the following is true.
1. Iloth pairs ofopposite sides are para1le1.
2. Iloth pairs ofopposite sides are congruent.
3. Diagonals bisect each other.
4. Iloth pairs ofopposite angles are congruent.
5. r\ pair of opposite sides are both paraliel and congruent.
Exatmple: Find the values of r and y that ensure the 5x+ Y
quadrilateral is a parallelograrn.
Since opposite sides of a paralleiogram must be to
congruent, then 5x + 18 and 5x - y :2.
y:
Soiving the system of two equations, you get x : 2
andy: g.

Deliermiine if each quadrilateral is a parallelogram. Justify your

, 3"

Fin,d thrz values of x and y that ensure each quadrilateral is a


parallelogram.
D. 4x+y 6.
2x+y

7. Identify the subgoals you would need to


accornplish to complete the proof.

Given: E" rpg*e BCD.


DB=CB
Pro've: /-DAB = /-CAB

@ Cilencoe/McGraw-Hill 33 Ge()metry
NAME - DATE
Student Edition
Studg Guide Poges 306-312
Fl,ecllangles
A recl;angle is a quadrilaterai with four right angies. since botli
pairs ofopposite angles are congruent, a rectangie is a
parallelogram and has all the properties of a parallelogram. The
fc'ilowi.ng list summ arizes the properties of a rectanslJ.
. Opposite sides are congrueni.
."
Opposite angles are congruent.
Consecutive angles are suppiementary.
" Dia5;onals bisect each other.
. Ali lbur angles are right angles.
' Diaglonals are congruent.

E.xample: Qug{qlatercI EFGH is a recianele. If EM : bx + I


aad HF = 42, find the value of cl

Since the diagonais of a rectangle bisect each other


and are congruent, you know that 5s * 1 : f+Z>.
*
5x-\=21
5x :20
x:4

Quadr'ilateral RSTV is a rectangre. Find the values of x and y.


1.WV:2x*y 2.VR:y trt
WS:36 7S:r+11 Ir =-=->"<1
w,-----
--::>- i

RS:x-y VT:y_Sx -'\\-


||.4:-.-.__-_-.
---- -:>-l |

VT :9 .ES:x-2 VR

Quadrilateral ABCD is a rectangte. Find the value of x.


3. wIDAC : 4x * 8 4.AC:x2 DC
m/-CAB: 5r - DB:6r -
8 B
I
Ft'tt___-)?t
>=<"-
t --_*
l-------
I

De*ermine whe'iher ABOD is a rectangle. Justify your answer.


5. A(1C1, 4), B(10, g), 6. A(3, 7), B(LA,7"t,
c(-4,,9), D(-4, 4) c(11, 12), D(4, L2)

O Ciiencoe/McGraw-Hill 34 Geametry
NAME DATE
Studu Guide Student Edition
Poges i15-519
S'quaves and Rhombi
A rhornbus is a quadr*ateral with four
congruent sides. A
sqFrare is a quadrilateral with four righi
congruent sides.
uoft",
"rrJ-rorr.
The diagonais of a rhombus have two
special relationships.
" Th"_ rliagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular.
" Each diagonal of a rhombus bisects a pair of opposite angres.
Ex:ample: ABCD is alLombus. If zZADB = 27, na
find m/ADC.
t\*7
Since eqch diag.onal of a rhombus bisects
fl Par oI oppositg {pgies, m/_ADC 2(m : / 4pg1.
/..Y /
lz_:J
So nZADC :2(2Tnr 84. AB

Us'e rhombus PQRS and the given information to find


value. each Sp
Il----;a
1. If S?' : 13, find Se. l, \ ,/\
2. lif mzlpRS : 1?, find mZel?S.
3. llind m/_STR.
4" If SP : 4x - 3 and PQ : 18 * r, find the value of .r.

Determi,ne whether each,quadrilateral with the given


vertices
ts^:,,p={:l!!:!oggm,a rectdngle, a rhompus, or a square.
mar appry. List al!

5. Itt(l, {j), N(6, 5), 6. W(-4, -2), X(5" *2:,),


cx6, l0), P(1, 10) Y(9,4), z(-1, 4)

7. D'(-7,3), E(-2,3), 8. E(0, 0), E(10, 0),


F(L,7"r, G(-4,7) s(10,5), ?(0,5)

O Glencoe/tr,4cGraw-Hi ll
35 Gearnetry
NAME - -DATE
StudU Guide - Student €ditioll
Poges 321*3ZB
l\apezoids
A traltezoid is a quadrilateral with exactiy one pair of
paralbl sides. The parallel sides are cailed b""ur, and the
n,rnparallel sides are called legs. In trapezoid EFGH, L E
and LF xe called base angles. LH and LG farm the
ot;her pair of base angles.
h.,^
^

A trapezoid is an isosceles trapezoid if its


legs are congruent.

T.he m.edian of a trapezoid is the segmenr


thLat joins the midpoints of the legs. medi

Tlhe following theorems about trapezoids can be prcved.

' Both pairs ofbase angles ofan isosceres trapezoid are


conEguent
" Tl" diagonals ofan isosceles trapezoid are congruent.
' The median of a trapezoid is pa.utt*l to the bais, and its
measure is one-half the sum of the measures of the bases.

E:rample: Gi,ven trapezoid RSw with medianMV,find the


value of r.
MN:*<ur+ES) v_ 6x*3_ .r
i\
Lb:i,l6x-3-8r+5)
1r Ir^
Ml
1\
15 \A/
15:+Q4,x+z) Rt/\ \s
15:7x+1 8x+ 5

L4: 7x
9:n

H"IKL iis an isosceles trapeTo.ld with bases HJ and LK, and


median RS. use the givdn information to soivi
frobtem.
t. If L,K: 30 and HJ = 42, find E,g. "i"n

2, If RS: 17 and HJ : L4, f:rnd LK.

3, If ft;S : )c + 5 and HJ + LK: 4x + 6, find ES.

4" If m Z- LRS : 66, find m Z KSR.

5. Find. the length of the median of a trapezoid with vertices


ai
C(3, 1), D(10, L), E(7,9), and F(5, g).

@ Gilencoe;/McGraw-Hill
36
NAME DATE
Student €dltion
E StudU Guide Poges 362.-3*9
ParaXlel Lines and Praportional Parts
The fol.lowing theorems invoh'e proportional parts of triangles.

' If a Line is parallel to one side of a triangle and intersects the


other two sides, then it separates these sides into segments of
proportional lengths.
. Ifa Line intersects two sides of a triangie and separates the
sidesiinto corresponding segments of proportional lengths,
then the line is parallel to the third side.
' A segment whose endpoints are the midpoints of two sides of a
triar:Lgle is parallel io the third side of the triangle and its
leng:th is one-half the length of the third side.

Examptls; In LABC. EFll Cf, nna the value of r.


np li Ca i^piies that # :#
Rewrite the proporticn and solve.
x+20 _18
x+8 10
10r + 204: !8x + t44
56:8r
I -*

Find the value of x.


1.6D-<a n\
x+a/ \ \
^f----------x
oL- -'----
" i \,sP

z"-Il'\
Itt LAttC, find x so that DEU CB.
4. DC: AD:6,
19, 5. AC:30, AD : !A,
AE,= 12,88: x - 3 AE:22.88: x+ 4

In lr.RS?, M is the rnidpoini of -RS, N is the midpoint of'S?,


and P is the midpoint af RT. Find the perimeter of AMNP if
RS ,= 28. ST :34. and E? : 30.

@ Glencoe/Mccraw-Hill 40 Geometry
UAits F'ERIOI)

Study Guide and lntervention


Writing Linear Equations
\lturite Equations in slope-lntercept. Fo.rm you
you can write the equation of a iine by substituting -If \now the slope and y-intercepi.
theie ,raloes i" v :-il* I- a .

er. slope - * +,y-intercept = -B b. slope = 0, y-intercept -


-g
Y:mx+b Slope-intercept form
Y=mx+b Slope-iniercept form
v - - | + t-s) ! : 0x + (:-g) Replace ,rr \r/ilh o ani
iT["::wnh-]and b with _9.

Y--ir-S simotify.
! = -9 simptify.

A.rr equation in the forp,..


!,.: m(x r,) where ,, represents tire slope and (x,,1i,)
represents a point on the line is calred--point-slope form
of a line.

Write an equation for the line that passes {;hrough (4,4} and (2,
?).
Find the siope m.
l, - !,
xz-xt Definition of siope

m= '
2-(-4)--o^rz2 (x., y,) : (-4,4),
(x", yr) = (2.7)
()
--.
.s2
Step 2 Use the slope and the coord.inates of either point to write
the equation i'
point-slope form.
f:

J - lr: m(x - x.) point-sloce form


f,:
=:
ir
* y_4=|tx+a) Repface (x, y) with (-4. 4) and rn with
I
The equation in point-siope form is y
F
{)
-4-j{x++).
cl

'91
The equation in slope-intercept form isy
- !* + a.
t. Errercises
=-
:c
]6 Wrrite an equation in slope-intereept form for each line.
(\
o
o
1., slope = 1, 2.slope=-q, 13. slope : 0,
o y-intercept : 2
,i. -c
3
y-intercept : -5 y-intercept = -3
!
_sl
o
o
write an equation for the rine in slope-intercept form that passes thr.ough
ear:h pair of points.

4. (6, 2) and (3, 1) E" (8. B) and (_4, 5) {i. {?, _3) anri t_ir. __lli

Chapter B
109 Glencoe Pre,Atgebra
DATE =-.-- PERIOD

Study Guide and tntervention (conttnued.)

Writing Linear Equations


Solv'g Problems once you write an equation to
quantities., you can use the equation to *"k" describe the relationship between l;wo
pruai.tio"..'-

ffiW *;*.;. fee plus a monthry


fee.l\fter 2 months, the total fee is $ga.gO. Aft." 6".gi"r*"rion
ionths, the total fee is g74.7A.
What would be the total fee afifer l0 months?
underrstand You know the total fees at 2 months and 6
months. you need. to frnd the total
fee after 10 months.
Plan First,
frnd the slope and the y-intercept. Then write an equation to show
the relationship between thgnumbe. or*ontts r and
tir* toi*l-ii.*y.
Use the equation to frnd the total fee.
Solve Find the slope rn.
change in v
m _-__-_-_=__:__ change in fee
cnange 1n.r <c-- change in monihs
74.70- 34.90 or 9.95
o-z
use the slope and the coordinates of either point to write
point-slope form.
the equation i'
t - lr: m(x - xt) point-slopeforril
y - 74.7:9.95(r - 6) Reptace(:c,,y,) with (6,74.4)andrawithg.95.

!=9.95x-593+74.7
The equation of the line in srope-iatercept forrn that passes
through (2,, g4.g)
and (6, 74.7) is y : 9.g5x + IS. ()
!
Find the iotal fee. =
y :9.95x + L5 Write the equation
=
o
a
/=9.95(10)+15 Replace x with i0.
I :114.5 Simplify F
i)
-
After 10 months. the total fee would be $114.80.
=
Exen:ises; :!.:,
t
1" HEALThI CLUBS A health club has a monthly membership with an initiai registration 2
fee' After 6 months, the total cost is $285, and after 9 *onth.
it is $8g0. Write an
equatiorL in slope-intercept form to represent the data. Describe
what the slope and
intr:rcept mean. use the equation to find the total fee a{ter lb months.
l
a
9
a
!

s=.
2' MOVIES; A local movie theater has a movie lovers club. After pajang
a membership fee,
all bickel; purchases are discounted. The cost after buyrng 5 movie tickets 6
is g4g.Zb. The
cosl; afber buying 7 movie tickets is $sa.zs. Write rrr
in slope-rntercept form to
"q.ntion
rep:resent the data. Describe what the slope and interclpt mean. Use the equation to
find the botal cost after buying 12 tickets.

Chapter €l
110 Glencoe Pre-Algebra
DATE -_-_- PERIOD

'Study Guide and lntervention


Variation Functions
Direct Variation and Joint Variation

y varies directly as x if ihere is some nonzero constant k such that y : kx. k is called the
constant of variation.
yvaries jointlyas xandz if there issome numberksuchthat v: kxz. wherek * 0. I

r
If y varies directly as
and J = 16 when fi :4, frnd r when
ffi":"t**t"a.s.r.nd
z : 10 when r :2
aJJ.d J/ z: airrd 4, find:f'
! '= 2O- whenx:4ande:3.
lt lz ,. v..
Direct proportion
-;=- : -;-
i.a. -
Joint variation
e2 ^1rt

16 20 10 lz
Yt=14'X,=2'z'=4'xz-4'
Y, = 16, X, = 4, and l":2O 2.4: 4.3
(20X4)
andZr=!
76x, = = Syz
Cross multiply.
120 simptify.
xz: 5 SimPlifY
! z : 15 Divide each sice by B.
Tire value of r is 5 when y is 20. The value of y is 15 when x : 4 and z = 3.

E:rercises

1.Ify varies directly as:r and ! = g when 2.If 3t varies directly as.r and], : 1G \t'hen
x,:6,frndywhenr=8. r: 36, findy when x = 54.
s
o

E 3l.Ify varies directly as r and r = 15 4. \f y varies directl5r as and r: : g3 lvhen


()o .,r
when y = $,fi.ndr when ! = 9. ! =22, findr\4'hen
=
=3 ! =32.
g

5. Suppose y varies jointiy as x and. z. 6. Suppose y varies jointly as .,r and e. Fin<i y
F
Findy when x = 5 and z = 3, ify = 18 when x = 6 andz - B, ify =, 6 whenr: is 4
.a when r is 3 and z is 2. and z is 2.
!

T
i ?. Suppose y varies jointly as r: and z. 8. Suppose varies jointly as ,c and z. Find
ry
1,
Findy when x = 4 and z = 11, ify = 69 when x = 5 and z = 2, if y = 84 when
when r is 3 and e is 5. xis4andzisT.
C
(5
@
9, Ify varies directly as rc and J : 3g 10. Ify varies directly as r and r : G0 u'hen
o
O
()
when x = 52, findy when x = 22. y=75,findrwhenI=42.

11. Suppose y varies jointlS' as x and z. 12. Suppose y varies jointly as jr and z. Find
Findywhen x=7 andz = 18,if when x = 5 and z = 27, if J' : 480 when
3,

] = 351 when r is 6 and z is 13. xis9andzis20.

Chapter 9 121 Glencoe Alaebra 2


DATE PERIOD

Study Guide and lntervention kontinued,)

Variation Functions -
Inverse V'ariation and Combined Variation

y varies inversely as x if there is some nonzero constant k such that xy k or y


= = !.
y varies in combination with x and z if there is some nonzero constant k such that yz
,,_kx = kx or
I - Z'

tEH!&ffi;,;;r.,""i"" inversely as c, rincl b when a


equals 10 emd c equals -5, if b equals 4 when a equals
-2 and c equals B.
. kr\,and, ar= kb,
or: -: %
Joint Variation Proportions

,^ "r', -.- r
k:.;:andk 7- Qzcz
Solve for k.
b1 b2
a'tc, arcr.
= U: Set proportions equal to each other.
4
(-2)3 _lo(-st
.+ - = -T- Substitute values from problem'

( -2) 3 ' b, = 10(-5)4 Cross muliiply.

br=33* Simptity.

Exercises
L. If y varies inversely asx and J:12 rn'henr: 10, findy whenx: 15.
o
!
o

c
Z.If y varir:s inversely as.r and/ - 100 when x :38, findy when x - 76. o
cl
e
3. Ify varir:s inversely as r and J = 12when x : 42,findy when x : 24. :

4.If y varir:s inverseiy as s andJ : 36 when r: 10, flrnd3r ..rrhen :r : 30. t


=
5.If y varir:s inversely asx andJl: 18 when x:724, findy when x:93. a
e
c
6.If y varir:s inversely as r and ! : r = 35, findy when r = 50.
90when =
?
c
7.If y varies inversely asr and ! = 42 when x = 48, findy when r = 36.
8. Ify varir:s inversely asr and ! : 44when x : 2A,findy when x = 55. l
:
q
9.Ify varir:s inversely as* and/ = B0 when x:14, findy when:c = 35. 3
:
1-O.Ify varir:s inverseiy ast and ! :3 when x: B, findy when x = 40. 3

11. Ify varir:s directly as z and inverseiy as r and J : 16 and z : 2 when x : ?,findy
wh,en x .= 14 and z : 8.

lZ.If y t'arir3s directly asz and inversely asr and ! = 23 andz = l when :x:-L2, findy
wh,en I '= 15 and z - -3.

Chapter I 122 Glencoe Algebra 2


DATE ----- PERIOD

Study Guide and Intervention


Graphi ng Exponential F u nctions
E;xponential Growth exponential growth
function has the formy = 6".
wrligre b > t. The graphs-of^An
exponential equations can be transformed by changing ihe vajue
of the constants a, h, and k in t]ne exponential equation: f &) = ab" -h + it..
1. The function is continuous, one-to-one, and increasrnc.
Parent Function of
2. The domain is the sei of all real numbers.
Exponential Growth
3. The x-axis is the asymptote of the graph.
Functions,
4. The range is the set of all non-zero real numbers.
f(\)=fix,651 5. The graph contains the point (0, 1).

Make a table of values. connect the points to f,orm a smooth curve.

The domair: of the function is all real numbers, while the range is
the set of all positive real numbers greater than 2.
Exercises
G:raph each function. State the domain and range.
1. y : 3(2)' 2.y = rs;' y :0.25(5)'
x: all re ] 3.
al numb
ers
s
'-
o
O

=t
o
c
F
6
C

.a
o

:c
d
4- v : 2(3)' 5. y = 4"-2 E' j = 2'"'
o
o
g-

.s,

oo

Chapter 8 97 Glencoe Algebra 2


DATE PERIOD

Study Guide and Intervention ftorLtirzued)

G raphing Exponential Funcfions


Exponential Decat The following table summarizes the characteristics oi'exponential
decay fun,ctions.
1, The function is continuous, one-to-one, and decreasinq.
Panant Function of
2. The domain is the set of all real numbers.
Exp,onential Decay
3, The x-axis is the asymptote o{ the graph.
Functions,
4. The range is the set oi all positlve i.eal numbers.
f(x)=[',0<b<1 5. The graph contains the point (0, 1).

ffinBW
"*"" "
: Hil;;;;;;; ;",u*
Make a table of values. Connect the points to form a smooth culve.
The domai.n is ail real numbers and the ranse is the set of all
positi'ue rea.l numbers.

Exercises
Graph ear:h function. State the domain and range.
1.r ,= 6(;)' 2.y = _r(+)' 3. y : -0.4(0.2)'

<)

+i_

o
t
o

c x
a;

":.
!?.
o
=
q
4'v '- (3)(+)'
-' +2 5.y :4t;J71 1r * 3
_1 G.v:t-ill;j / r \ /c\a -5
+G l
L-j

::
:a
:=
(l
l
AJ
:9

:i

Chapter 8 98 Glenccse Algebra 2


DATE PERIOD

Study Guide and Intervention


---
O perations with Polynomials
Mlultiply and Divide Monomials Negative exponents are a way of expressing the
multiplicative inverse of a number.

a-': *a" and =l-


a-"
: aD for any real number a + 0 and any integer n

When you simplify an expression, you rew'rite it without powers of powers, pa::entheses,.
or negative exponents. Each base appears only once, and all fractions are in simplest form..
The following properties are usefui when simplifiring expressions.

a^ . an = a* + n lor any real number a and integers m and n

#: u'- ^ for any reai number a * 0 and integers m and n.

For a, b real numbers and rn. n integers:


(a*)n : a'n
(abln : anbn
Properties of Powers
t,gj=4.0+o
\D',l 0"
tr\-n /A\'
f;) =\;l o,;",aro,bf
hn
a

il ;;t r;;";iaure equars o.


,r}. (-m n)3
a. (3rnan-2)(-5mn\2
(2m2)*2
(3man-2)(-5mn)2 = Sman-z .25m2nz (-mn)t -mtz
li
(9.m2\-2 1
.9 't5m"-rn-z+z 4ma
6
E tcm" : -rn72 . 4tna
O
r =
; = -'{7n76
E
o
@
E:xercises
F
o
c
Siimplify. Assume that no variable equals 0.
.q
E 1., c12. c-a . c6 ,." 3. (at)5
I
3
E
* t, / ot \ -i I t t2
41. o' l-----=-: l 6. {r+l
@
\a-"b" l \)cy" I
c

o
o
1.
-. A-ba'b"
't.
'- z
)"ldbc)" 8.m7 - m8 9. dm"n'
o
4*"t
q3^4+2
o 2mn2(3m2n)'
L(1. -' ,u . LL. 4i (-j -'z k2 )(3j 3 k- )
1
L2.
2"catz 12m3n'

Chrapter 6 67 Glencae Algebra 2l


NAME DATE
Student Edition
Studg Guide Poges 621-628
Surface Area and Volume of Spheres
The foll.owing is a list of definitions related io tl:.e study of
spheres.

Sphere the set of ali points that are a given distance from
a given point (center)

Rardiusr a segment whose endpoints are the center of the


sphere and a point on ihe sphere

ChLord a segment vrhose endpoints are points on the


sphere

Diametber a chcrd that contains the sphere's cenrer

Tangerrt a line that intersects the sphere in exactly one


point

Great 0ircle the intersection of a plane and a sphere so that


the center of the sphere is included

He'rnispheres two congruent halves of a sphere separated by a


great circle

Descritte each object as a model of a circle, sphere, or neither.


1. ten:nis baii can 2. pancake S. sun

4. bas.ketbali rim 5. globe 6. iipstick container

Determine whether each statement is true or false.


7. A11 lines intersecting a sphere are tangent to the sphere.

8. Eve,ry piane that intersects a sphere creates a great circle.

9. Ther eastern hemisphere of Earth is congruent to the western


heneisphere of Earth.

10., The diameter of a sphere is congruent to the diameter of its pgeat


circle.

O G Iencoer/McGraw-Hill 70 Geonetry
NAME d.Arg
Student Edition
Studu Guide Poges 666-671
Coo,rdinate Proof
You cem place figures in the coordinate plane and use algebra to
prove theorems. The foliowing guidelines for positioning figures
can help keep the algebra simple.
. U'sethe origin as a vertex or eenter.
. Place at least one side of a poiygon on an axis.
. Keep the figure within the first quadrant if possible.
. Use coordinates that make computations simple.
The djlstance formula, the midpoint formula, and your knowledge
of slopes are useful tools for coordinate proofs.

Example: use a coordinate proof to prove that the diagonals of


a rectangle are congruent.
B (a, b)
Use (0, 0) as one vertex. Place another vertex on the
r-axis at (a,0) and another on the y-axis at (0, b).
The fourbh vertex must then be @.d.

Use the distance formula to find OB andAC.

OB:@:1/q2+bz
AC:ffi:{pjg
Since OB : AC, t}:'e diagonals are congruent.
Name the missing coordinates in terms of the given variables.
l. ABCD is a rectangle.

3" Use a coordinate proof to show that the opposite sides of any
parallelogram are congruent.
Y cw, tl D(a + b, cl

o A(0,0) B(a,0) x

@ GlencodMcGraw-Hill 75 Geometry
Studu Guide
Coordinates in Space
In space, you need an ordered triple of real numbers to
describe the location of a point. In space, the r-, y-, and
z-axes are perpendicular to each other. In the figure at the
right, t.he ordered triple (-2, -3,1) locates point P.
Given two points A(x1, !1, er) and B(xr, !2, zr) rn space, the
distance between A and B is given bythe fo-llowing
equation.
AB:
The midpoint of AB has coordinates e+L,r"'itr.a+\
\2'2'2i

Example: FindAB gtven A(3,2, -5) and B(-!,9,9). Then


the coordinates of the midpoint of AB.
AB:
AB:W
AB: \40 + 16 + 196
AB:\/'%L-L6-2
midpoint of AB: (*f,4,ry,"#) : \'i,n,r)
Plot each point in a three-dimensional coordinate system.
1. S(0,4, 2) 2. T(5, -3, 6)

Determine the distance between each pair of points.


3. A(0, 7, -4) and B(-2, 8, 3) 4. C(-7,6, 5) and D(10, 2, -5)

Deternrine the coordinates of the midpoint of each line


segment whose endpoints are given.
5. E(6,10, -8) and F(1, 20, 8) 6. G(0, -8, 4) and I{(8, 4, 3)
@ Glenco,e/McGraw-Hill 77 Geometry

You might also like