CharterPrep Math 1 - Part A 1
CharterPrep Math 1 - Part A 1
Each element of the domain pairs to exactl"v one unique elemenl 0f the range
0nto Function Each element of the !'ange also corresponds to an elerneni 0f the domain
Botlh 0ne-to-
Each element 0f ihe domain is paired to exactly one elernent of the range and r^{
one and 0nlo
each element of the i'anqe.
=*
Ex,ercises
F
t. Sterte the domain and range of each relation. Then determine whether each
-ql relatio:n is a fitnetion.If it is a funetion, deterrnine if it is one-to-one, onto, bot,b,,
'!l
t; or neitlber.
;: 1. {(0.5, 3), (0.4, 2), (3.1, 1), (0.4, o)} 2. {(-5. 2), (4, -2),'(3, -11), (--?, 2)}
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gt
3. i(0.5, -3), (0.1, 12), (6, 8)l 4. i(-15, t2),{-L4.11), (-13, 10), (-12. 12)}
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C)
dffillniilf
a. ,ff3)
ct.*" f(") =ffi;'".
f(x)=x"+2c Original function
f(3)=3"+2,(3) Substitute.
= lli Simplify.
lt. f(ia)
f(x) = :v2 +:2x Original function
f(la)=(5a)2+2(5a) Substitute.
:|25a2 * 10a Simplify.
Eriercisesi
Graph eac.h rel.ation or equation and deter:nine the domain and range. Determine o
wlrether the relation is a function, is one-to-one, anto, bath, or neithe7. Then state -J
o
1",-a : - I 3.y: 3x + 2 a)
Lr-Y
-
O 2'Y xz q
al
I
.=
<'
:q
5
a
'-,
Errercises
Sl;ate'nzhether each equation or function is a linear function. Write ves or
no. Explain.
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t>
1.6y - x :7 9 Qt' tiJ
3. f(r) -- 2 - atI
t:
O
()
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x
F-
o
c:
4,2y--f-a=o 5. L.6x -- 2.4y : / 6.0.2x = 100 _ 0.4
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tt
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()
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ni
a)
7.flx):4 - f 8-frd:f 9.2yx - 3y + 2x == 0
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Ch;apter 12
t3 Glencoe Ailgebra 2
DATE ---..---_- PER|OD
:8,8--1,andC=5. SoA=2,8:i.andC:3.
F Find the r-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph of 4r 5y : zo.
Tihen the equation. -
T'ire r- tercept is the value of r whenS : 0.
,|x
- == 20 Original equation
x, == 5 Simpiify.
:2i4x - I -3 ::gr
'. * - 6.6."*^Br*10:0
''? "
Find rc-intrercept and the y-intercept of the graph of each equation. Then graph
the ation using the intercepts.
LtJ.2x 7J = L'+ Ll.5y-r=10 12.2.5x-5v+7.5:0
Glencoe Aigebra 2
Study Guide and lntervention
Solving Systems of Equafions by Graphing
solvel systems using Tables and Graphs a system oi'equations is two Il0re
equati'ons with the same variabies. You can sol:ve a systlm of lineai equations
by rr$ a
teible o,r by graphing the equations on the same coordinate plane. If tfrl Enes
in , the
solution is that intersection point.
le ;;;;r"."nn,,u. x--2y=41
s*/=*
\lrite r:ach equation in siope-intercept form.
x-2y:!
x*Y=--) -+ i=-x-2
Tlre graphs appear to intersect aL {0,
-2).
CIIECK Substitute the coordinates into each equation.
x-ily =4 x+y
t0-21(-2)=4 0+(-2) --Z
Originat equarions
=-2 x:aandv=-2
4:4
=_tv_4:_4
y' 2 :-2 y' Simptify
The so.lution of the system is (0,
-2).
Exercises
Solve each system of equations by graphing.
d
d
(:
r.y:-f*t 2.Y :2x - 2
y:t_4 Y=-x+4
c)
:r
il
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o
ai
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o
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t'
ft,
E
c'
:: 4.3x--!:0 5^ 2.v -t-
'a
I
6.4-y=2
3l
2"
Cl
;n -2
* -i, -1 %-Y=-l
o 2,J
'i=
o_
o
29
DATE _---* PERIOD
Number of Solutions
Consistent and indenenCent
C)
s
Graph each sy'stem of equations and describe it as consistent and independent, !:
9t
nt and'. dependent, ot inconsistent. e)
!lq:
1. 3ir 2.x*2y=5 3.2x-3y=0
tix 2y:l0 3r-15--Gy 4x-Gy-] c)
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at
il
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(--
:.
|@Usesubstitutiontosolvethesystemoiequations. ?.r -
x*
Solve the frrst equation fory in terms of r.
2x-y-9 First equation
Now, substitute the value 3 for r in either original equation and solve for y.
iZx-y=$ Firstequation
2(3) - ! :9 Repracexwith3.
6-y:9 simplify.
i5
::
4,.2x-!=7 5,4x-By=4 6.5r*J:6
o
o
2'
6x-3y:l{ 2x-:-y*-B 3*;:0
ID
()
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ai
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'1. x *8Y:-2 8.2x-y= -4 9.* - y -
- 3Y :20
.!l
()
()
x 4x*y- 'l L 2x-3y
31
DATE PERIOD
a
Solve h system of equations by using elimination. t
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t-
3i
:L
ia
Glencoe Algebrtt
DATE PERIOD
---
Study Guide and Intervention
Solvfng Systems of tnequatffies by Graphing
S'ystems of Inequalities. To solve a system of inequalities, graph the inequalitils in the
sa'me co.ordinate plane. The solution of the system is the region staded for ali of tn"
inequalities.
l ;"ri'*q'Jiii.".
y<?-x-1andt>!+Z
TIre solutionofy < 2x - 1 is Regions 1 and 2.
The soiution ofy r * 2 is Regions 1 and 3.
;
The intersection of these regions is Region 1, v'hich is
the solution set of the system of inequalities.
E:xercises
Solve each system of inequalities by graphing.
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i:
E
o
C)
j"-
*
6
o:)
4,y 2.i _ z 5.v<t*, 6.v> -tot
y <2x -v<-2x*1 y<3x-t
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it
i)
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tt
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ct
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ii
7.x*y>4 8.r * 3y < 3 9.x-2y>6
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CL
Cl
2x-y>2 x-2y>4 x-r4y<-4
()
Chapter 3 33
DA.TE .-- PERIOD
first system of equations, rewrite the frrst For the second system of
in standard form as2x - v : -3. Then equations, use substitution.
mrrll;ip.[ that equation by 4 and add to ihe Substitute 2x + 3 for;' in the
seco:nd second equation to get
9u
-
rt , -3 .WWWffWfia Bx-4 1c)
x-JQx*3): 4
-
.)n (+) 5x + 4y :20 x-6x*9- 4
13* a
-5x : 13
8 13
l.f o
R Then substitute:c : *-:- tn
l.f .
tn€l
The:r s bst,itute r=* in one of the originai equations !
a
::
^IJ y.
and so 'e ror first equation to solve for Y. I
o
r{l-\
-\ 1:] / -rJ "y
./
:21-#l+
5l
10 \
g a
\ =
.LO
:I; -rl y-----To
26^ 3
t.l ?
55 1I :i
r,1 =
A matrix can be described by its dimensions. A matrix vrith m rows and n colu
rn x n matrix.
pigeon
- Owl Swift King penguin
In<;ubation | 30 20 15 b3 I
Fledstins L 30 44 IT 360 |
E:xercises
:=
6
Sl;ate the dimensions of each matrix"
.19
(!
f
15 5 27 -41
t:
() 71 44
()
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iY
'l:?-:^9:l
70
114
3 42
163
-3 |24
gOl
z*6
-' ,' 12 0l 3. 39 27
45 16
:i 92 53
() 7B 65
.!2
4,. A travel agent provides for potentiai travelers the normal high temperatures f
,i'
6 months of January, April, July, and October for various cities. In Boston these rr3s are
:a
l-- 36", 56", 82', and 63". In Dallas therv are 54', 76,92', and 7g", rn Los Angeles th y are
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C)
68,72',84", and 79'. In seattle they are 46, st ,74', and.60,. In st. Louis the-r are
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38',67',89', and 69'. Organize this inforrnation in a 4 x b matrix. source:'theNewy?
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C)
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c)
Chapter 4 39
DATF -..-------_ PERIOD
D 9 LZ
11 2 8
tl
I
10 Id
A,= l5 4LO 1 B_ q
7 o
IO 3 6L2
I
11 13 1
I
+] 2 1i
Lz+
I1413L2
-l
t2 'i ol 2152011
o
!
r'-- I2 11 f5e11
u=lt
41
6
|
Bl'
G_ 3161910
, z 210 =
s
L4, 4L7 18 I L8 2 6 1l 1.
s.
q.
o
1A
!a 3J 567 B
o
-tr
t'l:t2 2. s-. 3. hn o
- al
o
=
o
I
6o
4.gse 5'hrn 6. fze
d'
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t intervention
O peratians w ittt Matrices
Add and Subtract Matrices Matrices with the same dimensions can be
together or one can be subtracted from the other.
f%;;:f--:il",a":l 4 21
L2 -t}l |" -5 -61'
A+B=f6 -tl *in _61 2l
L2 -r2l L-5
la+a -7+2 I
:ll
Lz + t-si -r2 + (-6)l
=l
| :o -bl I
L-3 -1Bl
ilW FindA-BifA=lg
-J, 8i t 4-3 I
-+lanaa=l-z rl.
8l f n-el tto 7J [-e sJ
ct
l-2
3-4
e_a:l110 zJ1-l-2
.s
,9
1l
C
o
E
o
L-e sj
()
B_(_3)l
:i
; :ll-2-4
3-(-2) -4-r l:il_6b-b
11"
(5
E 10-(-6) 7-8 I 16
L L -1
i-
a
E:xercises
.a
.9
.=
P,erform the indicated operations. rf the matrix does not exist. write i'b,le"
'o
d
-io-sgl f-+s zl
:I
a,
(5
' i-?, il-11 _Jl a.t
15J
L-3
l+.t
Lag-+l
l
| 6l f 5-21 f-ri 6t
.rrr-l
.9 fr.l-3 1+[-6 3 -2] n.l-4 6l*l 2_5
l, ,l
(5
o
t,7 eJ L 4-7 I
1
-c
;
.9
I a o -ol l-z r zl I i?t ;i 21
()
5. 1 + s -nl-l s -n sl o. l
4 5l_12 3l
l,-z s 4J L-s s al IL-tI 4l i2 rl
5i L5 -tl
Chapter 4 41 Algebra
DATE PEFIOD
--_-
Study Guide and Intervention kontinued,)
u1 n ol
sB-2A=ui-t -rf
LTBl L-63j
3(-1) 3(5)l | 2(q 2Q)l
l-l I Multipiv
3(7) 3(8)l L2(-6) 2(3)l
:l
[-eisl I eol l-l Simplify.
Lzt z+) L-rz o l
I
l- o
l-.J-d o rr
IO-Ul n']
Subtract
1.21 (-12)
I
-l
24 6 )-
=l
['-tt rs I
I Simolify.
i 33 18l
Exercises;
Perform ttre indicated operations. If the matrix does not existo write impossible. o
c
o=J
2-n 3l .f 6 lb el
t.6l| o T-1 ,.-*i l2s -Lo -4s1 @
L-d t; gj
|
L-18 3 45 )
I
L 60 35 -951
i
o
e
T
9
=.
o
+
4.31
l-d bl_
z f -t
,l u. -rl3 * -11 +l-2 ol
l
t2. 3l L0 7J
I
L-3 5l L2 Dl o
:
€
(-1
:o
rl fr-, 5l-ofa r -nl
a.zl 6 -10
i-5 8l L4'
l*sl rl
l,4l
rJ -Lz -5 -11 o
=.
3l L-3 4 I
-
l2g il |4 ol rl |.s -b l\
8.Bl -11*31-2 3l t+l
+{l-? OJ
L-z +J L s -41 ' L1 zJj
--
Study Guide and Intervention
Multiplying Matrices
A.B=AB
Multiplication of Matrices
[" ol.f" tl-lae+og
=
ar+bh]
f" oj'Ln nl lce * as d + dhl
; ;l r-'
A'B = Subsiitution
3l
3(-1)2x2-4{-z) + 3(3)
f -4(5)
3x2
+
'= I 2(5) + (-2X-1) 2(-2) + (-2X3) Multiply columns by rows.
L 1(5) + 7(-1) 1t-2) + T(3)
-28 tr I
12 -10 Simplify
|
-2 19.l
E:xercises
F.ind each product, if possible.
.c
tL. l ='1.
tAll
3 0l q fr
l-t ol' I s zl 3. lo -r
ln fo
l.) *'
l-2 3l 0 3l la
LU zJ L-r +l 124 L2
=
=
3
E
F
o
Fo
o
f-3 tl la -l | * -rl tl
|L-5o- ,l.ft
o ,,
-r.l
0 -2.1 5. 1
6
=
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l" 5 -2)
I I
|
-,1 1 1t
' ;J L2 1J
3
6
(5
bo
a)
o ierol i2o-Bl
,'.1-n e .
| [0 4 -3] -lt_?li_;-:l o.l t + *zl. I
L_2 7J
l-r s rj I ,4
Chapter 4 43
DATE PERIOD
a. (.A + B)C
lz L5-31 L6
e'-
Lo o
i4(1) + (-3x6) 4(-2) + (-3x3)l *, l2ftt + 0(6) 2(-D + 0(3) I
(-l
.t
=
lz(o + 1(6) zt-2) + 1(3) i Lsrt, + (-3)(6) s(-2) + (-3xs)l o
| 2 -41=L-s-zol
:lf-i+8-tzl *L-ts-lei l-tz -zt1 o
€
-il .5
Not,: that although the results in the example iilustrate the Right Distributive Property, e
the3r ds nob Prove it' 4
a
;
Exercisers r I -:\,and S
a
u".,a: [B !,, =[: f]," = [- i1 scatar c = -4to determine whether
1,5 -21' L2 r{ i for th'e given matrices.
-31 =
a)
the follovring equations are tru'e c
ffi nd intervention
-
Determinants and Cramer's Rule
DetgfminantS A2x2 matrix has a second-order dererminant: a Bx3 matrix h
th.ird-order determinant.
lo cl
For the matrix | 4 I ihe determinani is found using the diagonal rule.
I
I,
Third.Order td
LY i)
Determinant
d
The area of a triangle having verlices (a, b), (c, d), and (e, l) !s lA l,
Area of a Triangle
6 3l 145
b.it
_U
^-l DI 3
l2 *3
G
6 3l
=6(5)-3(-B) l+ 5l
E
5l
=
I
i
O
S
o
ts
-8
: [4(3)6
lm
+ 5(0)2 + (-2)1(*3)] - t(-2)s(2)
J
A _J
o
4(0X-3) + 5(1)61
.>
g
= [72+ 0 + 6] - I-12 +- 0 + B0l
=
T
a
=78-16=59
Exercises
a
@
| 3 --2 -21
,. 32:|
=-
_
t.l? 3.1 o 4 1l
o
15 7l I 6l
l-r 4 -31
4. Find the area of a triangle with vertices (2, -J'), (2, 4), and (_5, b).
Chapter 4 47
DATE _--- PERIOD
-
Itl 8 -101 iti s sl
-2
|
= --;-;;l-
251
a=5,b=-10,f=10,S=25,m=B,n=-2 t10 -21
o
I| 10-rul I 5 -1ol
251 i ro zsl
_ g(25) - (-2X-10) E..^',,^l^ each r^+^,6;-^_l 5(-2) - 8(10)
5(25) : (-10X10)
Evaluate ^^^h determinant.
5(25) - (-10X10)
_ 180or4 onD
225 -- 5 225 "'
Simplify. a)
o
5 =L
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The solutio" ir- /3. -3).
\5', 5J' e)
o
c
a
Exerrcises 4
c)
LJse Cramer's Rule to solve each systern of eqrrations.
:-
l.lix-2y=7 2.x-4y:17 3.2x-!=-2 =
2!,x+7y=38 3x-y:29 4x-y=4 a:
:
:!
c)
x.Y:l110 6l 7
l-5
|
tl
L 2)
-l
6
-:]
fr2 -1
2iu.,oi lo
el .- 'i
z"l3 4l "landi
3.1" _1J
l-
L5 L
ol
=
I
z l
;
r;l ' l; -il'". il :l
'l
r^ ,-'l
(5
4,. 1b trl"nd f, l-+
1t
1f
o
o
6
L3 14J lo
Lo
t-
"[,: :]*u -l
3l
o
z f"
lr
,l; ;l *o
.1 DI
,1 ; dl
l5 Blu,,a
|.-3 +l
.91
o I ano
l3 s. [u
L4 6j
,l
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I -o _51
2l
1
r
-,I-l
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L
,0,.fu 2lu,,a
L4 -61
Is
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t*4
". 1,1
ra
31"".i_,?
-l -,.,
"'17
f+ dt
rl
ul
I and
ol
:)i
,il
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I
Chapter 4 49
DATE PERrog
@Juseamatrixequationtosolveasystemofequations.
3t;-7y-12
e;*5y--8
Determirre the coefficient, variable, and constant matrices.
fs
I -71l.l f"ll:l I tzl ad-bc
11 5l Lv) L-Bl
I
|
Rewrite the equation in the form of X - A-18
t--l
i*l=l#;zft
Lyl l_1
ul
3lL-8J
| 22 22l
Solve.
I zl
i;l =l Tl
c)
C
E
:_
L- t' j =
o
5)
Exerrcisers e
d,
Use a matrix equation to solve each systerrr of equations. =
c)
!)
L.2!a * J'= 8 2.4x-3y=18 I
tix-3y=-L2 x*2y-12 gl
s.
9.
o
f
q
I
5
3.','x. - 2t : L5 4.hc-Gy=24 a
f
ilx*Y,=-10 3x*y+8=0 =
;
!3
6'
:-
:t
o
50 Glencoe Algebra
DATE PERIOD
--
Study Guide and Intervention
Graphing Quadratic Functions
Graph Quadratic Functions
A function defined by an equation of the form f(x) : axz + bx + c, where a
o
I
7
'=
o
Chapter 5
51
DATE PERIOD
i Maxirnum or Minimum Value The graph of l(x) = ax2 + bx + c, where a t' 0. opens up and has a minimum j
I
I
of ar Ctuadrartic Function when a > 0. The graph opens dorarn and has a maximum when a < 0
Exerr'cises 5
o
Det,errnin,e whether each function has amaxitnum or rninintutn value, arrd find a_l
i)
that; rraluei. Then state the domain and range of the function.
Z,flx) = x2 * 4x * 7 3. f\x) : 3:r2 .-. 3;r + l-
a)
1.1'Q,) :2x2 - rc + 10 ()
.i
::
;;
i;
a
t2.
()
:i
6
ti)
€
!
a
8.fl"r) = x2 - 10r * 9. flx) = *6x2 + :z
1.1\x)=--x2-4x+14 5 L2x :- 27 3
f
d
The zeros of a quadratic function are the r-intercepts of its graph. Therefore, fi.ndi
r-:intercepts is one u'ay of solving the related quadratic equation.
ilffi;:o:ouvg."prri',g.
Graph the related function f(x)
- 6. : x2 +x
The r-coordinate of the vertex is
*b
: -f.1 and' the
''
za equation of the
axis of symmetry is r = -*.
-
Make a table of values using r-vaiues around
-] L
x I I
1
f(x) -6 ^l
-1 -6 A
From the table and the graph, we can see that the zeros of the fuqction are:Z anci -_3
Exercises
use the related graph of each equation to determine its solution.
L.x2 + 2x - B:0 2.x2 - 4x - 5: O 3.x2-5r*<1 :0
---
Study Guide and Intervention kontinued)
Solving Quadratic Equations by Graphing
Estimate SolutionS* Often, you may not be able to find exact solutions to quadratic
eque,tions by graphing. But you can use the gt.ph to estirnate solutions.
x I
Q 1 1
f(x) 1
-2 -3 -2 1
The :r-interr:epts of the graph are between 2 and 3 and betrn een 0 and
-1. Iic one ,solution is between 2 and 3, and the other solution is
between 0 emd -1.
Exen:ises;
Solve the elquations. If exaet roots cannot be found, state the consecrntive irrtegers
betqre,en w.hich the roots are located.
1.x:'--4x.+2:0 2.x2 + 6r + 6 = 0 3.x2+4x+2:A
()
xa
:
c_
o
a
=
c
;
_o
s.
:c
4.-x1t+2tc+4=A 5.2x2-L2x+17=0 6. -fu'+,+$=o :
o
;
-:
L
o
I
5
- (-')j ('- *) = o
Replace
(r-3Xr+5)=0 Simplify. F
x2+?,x-15=Q Use FOIL. t t\/ r\
l,*sJP-tJ =o
The equationx2 + 2x - 15:0hasroots (8r + 7) (3r - 1)
3 and -5.
83
1x*1x = x^2
Ls=?j+i :24.0
-=U
24x2+1S*-T=0
x^2 + 5x + -3x - 15
1x*5 = 5x
x^2 + 2x - 15 = 0 Theequation24x2 * 13r -7 - 0has
. 1 -1
-3*x = -3x roots -U andf.
-3*5 = -15
Exercises
-. write a quadratic equation in standard forroo with the grverl root(s).
'-
6
7i.3, -4 2. -8, 3.1,9
E -2
I
=
3
6
41"
-5 5. 10, 7 6. -2, 15
co
i
o
.4
d
o. -*,u *.r, 3 n. -r,z
-;
6
10.3, 11.
o
? --;, -1 L2. g,
+
0
_9
g
7 L8-?, -3 tn-2,-+ ru.+,
*
()
J
o
O
a
t
' Simplified square root expressions d.o not have radicals in the dfenominator,
and. an;r
number remaining under the square root has no perfect square
factor other than l.
IW
a. Simplift' y -43. a. Simplifu -gi. (,i.
\/48: !rrd;T=t -3i'4i= -12i2
= V16 . V5. V:T : -12(-+1)
= 4il/B =12
b. Simplify /-63 b. Simplify r,f3 . l*ls
V-s .V-rs'= iV5.r/lb
l-=
V-63 = V-1 -7 -9
= V:1- .\/V .t/s
: i2JB
= Si t/7 --1.v5.vF
= -BVB
_.
c
.9
12 + 5:0 original equation.
c xz = -5 Sublract S from each side.
a
E
x : +t/ 5i sguare Root property.
I
;
E Exercises
Sirnplify.
F
o
r. \FVz 2. \r14
.a
!->
6 s. \/=a 4. {2 + i)(2 - i)
=
E
Chapter 5
57 Glencoe Algebra 2
DATE PERIOD
-=--.--_
Study Guide and lntervention (continued)
Complex l\iurnbers
Operations with Complex Numbers
A complex number is any number ihat can be written in the form a bi,where
+. a and b are
Complex Nurmber real numbers and i is the imaginary unit (i2 _1). a is called the
= real part, and b is calleci
the imaginary pan.
Addition anrj Combine like terms.
Subtraction of (a + bil + (c + dt) = (a + c) + (b + d)i
Complex Numbers (a + bi) - (c + di) : (a c) - (b _ d)i
-
Multiplication of Use the definition ot it un
Complex Numbers (a + bi)(c + dt) : (ac - bd)+ (ad + bc)i
Compliex Cornjugate
a + bi and a - bi are complex conjugates. The prcduct of complex conjugates is arways a
real number.
To divide by a complex number. first multipiy the dividend and divisor by the complex
conjugate of the divisor.
:10-4,i :2+5i
ffi#tiifi*tr*ilffi Drlnpfiry
(2-5i).(--4+2i)
it *
*nrtr" \z o '. \-+
oL) ?4 ++ zt). ffiriir-;$.srmpl
zi).1i ffiiffi' a
I s-; s-r 2_ zi ;o
:2(-4) + 2(2i) + (-5iX-4) + (-bix2t) l2 +3i +3i 2 -3i
2
c
I a-o; 9i r
=-.8*<Li+20i-10i2 I :6-9i-2i+3i'z a.
= -8 * tz4i - 10(-1) i *.
4+9i2
:2+24i | :2 -JLi
I.J
.-.
I
n r<
1.) 10 -
LO arJ
e
Exercises o
'j
f,
Simplify.
1",, (-,{ + 2i) + (6 - 3t) 2.(5 - i) - (3 - 2i) 3.(6- 3i)+(4*2i)
oo
4.(-t1 +4i)- (1-5r) 5.(B+4i)+(€-4i) 6. (5 + 2i) - (-6 - Si'i !
.J
i;
l
the nearest hundredth if rr**""""o. "** il Snr"*" noot e"op.rty. Round to
a.*-8r+L6:ZS
x2-8x*16:25 I b.4e_Zbx*25:g2
4x2 - 20x * 25= 32
' (n- 4)2=25 (2x*5)2:32
x-4=t/25 or x-4=-\Ei 2x-5:r/War2x-S:-t/82
x=5*4=9or x:_E*4:_1 2x - 5 = 4\/t ay2x S:
The solution set is {9,
- -At/i
-1}. *-5x4\/'
z
e
'.9
.9
74.25x2*2Ox*4=75 tl.36x2 I + 16:
o 48x 12 L2.25x2-30r+9=g6
Chapter 5
59 Gtencoe Algebra Z
DATF ---- PERIOb
r. Find
f,. + 2. Square
f. --) s. Add (*)'" xz + bx.
IE$sslfr."dtI";;"
ofc that nnakes f 22*
s;1";2rt:8"-ei:ouv
+ * ca completing the square.
perfeet square trinomial.
Then write the trinomial as the 2x2-U-24=g Original equatiOn
Exercises;
Find the value of c that makes each trinomial a perfect square. Thert qrrite the o
trinomial as a per{ect square.
c
E
=,
--
l. x2 10r; * c 2.x2 + 6Ax * c 3.x2 - 3s + c e
c)
E'
=
s
a.
:o
Solve eactr equation by completing the square.
7.y"-4y-5=0 8.x2-8r-65=0 9.w2-10p*2I-0 =
o
o
{
=
7O.2x'-Br;*1:0 lL.2x2-13s-7:0 12.25x2+40r-9:0 c
o
_.
:
l}.xz -+ 4x + L:0 L4.y2+I2y+4=0 L5.t2 + 3t - 8:0
2a Quadratic Formula
-(-5) + \fi:sF=(lx:1ai
Replace a with 1, b with -5, and c w'th _14
2(1)
5+VaT
__-2-
- Simplify.
._5t9
2
,=7or-2
Tlre solutions are
-Z and 7.
Exercises
Sorlve eacb equation by using the
euadratie Formula.
1.x2+2x-35=O 2.x2+10r*24:O
-: 3.4'-11-r+24=0
.9
o
E
=
I
; 4,,4x2+1gr-5=0 5.\4x2+9x+1=0
G 6.4x' - x- 15 = g
F
o
7.3x2+5x=2 8.2y'* y - :
.0 15 o 9.3r'- 16r + 16 = 0
E
T
=-
3
E
10.8r2*Bx-9=0 17.r2-**Z?=o
= 12.xP-10r-50:0
_9
o
.3
13.x2+6x-2A-0 14.4x2-12x-63=6
d
15.x2-Gx*27:0
Chapter 5
61 Glencoe Algebra 2
DATE PERIOD
---
Study Guide and Interventlon konti*ued)
The Quadratic Formula and fhe Disc riminant
Root; and the Discriminant
The expression under the radical sign, b2 - 4ac,in the Quadratir: Formula is called
the discriminant.
ffiHffifif frra
the value of the discriminant for each equation. Then d.escribe
the numbe;r and type of roots for the equation.
a.2**5**3 b.3x2 - 2s + 6
The: disc,riminant is The discriminant is
b2 -- 4ac :
52 4(2)(3) or 1.
- b2 * 4ac = (-2)2 - 4(3)(5) or -56.
Ther discriminant is a perfect square, so The discriminant is negative, so t;he
the equation has 2 rational roots. equation has 2 complex roots.
Exercises;
Complete parts a-c for each quadratic equation. ()
o
a. Finid th,e value of the diseriminant.
b. Derscribe the nurnber and type of roots. =
o
c. Finrd the exact solutions by using the Quadratic Formula.
5)
d
A:
gr
5.
:.
7,x2-7x+6:0 8, rn2 - 8m = -14 9.25x2 * 40x: -1/c
t,
a:
It
f
.
trO.4x'z + 20x + 29 -- A !L.6x2*26x*B:0 12.4x.2 - 4x -" 11 : 0
Errercises
vtl:rite each equation in vertex forrrr. Then graph
the function.
7.y:x2-l}x+32 2.y : x2 + 6x 3.y:x2-8x*6
s
.e
c
q
E
C)
r
=
ts
c
,9
.e
t
d 4.y:-4x2+16r-11 5.y=3x2-l2x+5 6.y = 5x2 -- l}x + I
!
3
6
o
-9
!o
o
o
O
Chapter 5
63 Glencoe Algebra 2
NAME
DATE p[:RtOD
#ffiilf c""ph,'=d;?,n.
o Rewrite the equation asy
- [x _ (_7)], + 3.
. Becaus,e h = -7 and. k: 3, the vertex is (_2,
at B). The axis
of symraetry is .r = -7. Because a 1, we
= kno,,v that the
grapl opens up, and the graph is the same *iatf,
grraph of y - x2.
* tir"
' Translate the graph ofy
tni:ee unrts uo.
- rc2 seven units to the left and
c)
Exercises; a
o
=
Graph eaclh function. o
o
:
1. y=, -2x2 +2 2. y= -3(r-1)' 3.J,- 2(x + 2)2 + 3 Ci
1.
=
3-
s
:c
o
l
o
a)
*=
()
-
3
Chapter s
64 Glencoe Algebra Z
NAME DATE
125c.
O Glencoey'McGraw-Hill
32 Geometry
NAME DATE
Student Ediii:ion
Studg Guide Poges 298-504
, 3"
@ Cilencoe/McGraw-Hill 33 Ge()metry
NAME - DATE
Student Edition
Studg Guide Poges 306-312
Fl,ecllangles
A recl;angle is a quadrilaterai with four right angies. since botli
pairs ofopposite angles are congruent, a rectangie is a
parallelogram and has all the properties of a parallelogram. The
fc'ilowi.ng list summ arizes the properties of a rectanslJ.
. Opposite sides are congrueni.
."
Opposite angles are congruent.
Consecutive angles are suppiementary.
" Dia5;onals bisect each other.
. Ali lbur angles are right angles.
' Diaglonals are congruent.
VT :9 .ES:x-2 VR
O Ciiencoe/McGraw-Hill 34 Geametry
NAME DATE
Studu Guide Student Edition
Poges i15-519
S'quaves and Rhombi
A rhornbus is a quadr*ateral with four
congruent sides. A
sqFrare is a quadrilateral with four righi
congruent sides.
uoft",
"rrJ-rorr.
The diagonais of a rhombus have two
special relationships.
" Th"_ rliagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular.
" Each diagonal of a rhombus bisects a pair of opposite angres.
Ex:ample: ABCD is alLombus. If zZADB = 27, na
find m/ADC.
t\*7
Since eqch diag.onal of a rhombus bisects
fl Par oI oppositg {pgies, m/_ADC 2(m : / 4pg1.
/..Y /
lz_:J
So nZADC :2(2Tnr 84. AB
O Glencoe/tr,4cGraw-Hi ll
35 Gearnetry
NAME - -DATE
StudU Guide - Student €ditioll
Poges 321*3ZB
l\apezoids
A traltezoid is a quadrilateral with exactiy one pair of
paralbl sides. The parallel sides are cailed b""ur, and the
n,rnparallel sides are called legs. In trapezoid EFGH, L E
and LF xe called base angles. LH and LG farm the
ot;her pair of base angles.
h.,^
^
L4: 7x
9:n
@ Gilencoe;/McGraw-Hill
36
NAME DATE
Student €dltion
E StudU Guide Poges 362.-3*9
ParaXlel Lines and Praportional Parts
The fol.lowing theorems invoh'e proportional parts of triangles.
z"-Il'\
Itt LAttC, find x so that DEU CB.
4. DC: AD:6,
19, 5. AC:30, AD : !A,
AE,= 12,88: x - 3 AE:22.88: x+ 4
@ Glencoe/Mccraw-Hill 40 Geometry
UAits F'ERIOI)
Y--ir-S simotify.
! = -9 simptify.
Write an equation for the line that passes {;hrough (4,4} and (2,
?).
Find the siope m.
l, - !,
xz-xt Definition of siope
m= '
2-(-4)--o^rz2 (x., y,) : (-4,4),
(x", yr) = (2.7)
()
--.
.s2
Step 2 Use the slope and the coord.inates of either point to write
the equation i'
point-slope form.
f:
'91
The equation in slope-intercept form isy
- !* + a.
t. Errercises
=-
:c
]6 Wrrite an equation in slope-intereept form for each line.
(\
o
o
1., slope = 1, 2.slope=-q, 13. slope : 0,
o y-intercept : 2
,i. -c
3
y-intercept : -5 y-intercept = -3
!
_sl
o
o
write an equation for the rine in slope-intercept form that passes thr.ough
ear:h pair of points.
4. (6, 2) and (3, 1) E" (8. B) and (_4, 5) {i. {?, _3) anri t_ir. __lli
Chapter B
109 Glencoe Pre,Atgebra
DATE =-.-- PERIOD
!=9.95x-593+74.7
The equation of the line in srope-iatercept forrn that passes
through (2,, g4.g)
and (6, 74.7) is y : 9.g5x + IS. ()
!
Find the iotal fee. =
y :9.95x + L5 Write the equation
=
o
a
/=9.95(10)+15 Replace x with i0.
I :114.5 Simplify F
i)
-
After 10 months. the total fee would be $114.80.
=
Exen:ises; :!.:,
t
1" HEALThI CLUBS A health club has a monthly membership with an initiai registration 2
fee' After 6 months, the total cost is $285, and after 9 *onth.
it is $8g0. Write an
equatiorL in slope-intercept form to represent the data. Describe
what the slope and
intr:rcept mean. use the equation to find the total fee a{ter lb months.
l
a
9
a
!
s=.
2' MOVIES; A local movie theater has a movie lovers club. After pajang
a membership fee,
all bickel; purchases are discounted. The cost after buyrng 5 movie tickets 6
is g4g.Zb. The
cosl; afber buying 7 movie tickets is $sa.zs. Write rrr
in slope-rntercept form to
"q.ntion
rep:resent the data. Describe what the slope and interclpt mean. Use the equation to
find the botal cost after buying 12 tickets.
Chapter €l
110 Glencoe Pre-Algebra
DATE -_-_- PERIOD
y varies directly as x if ihere is some nonzero constant k such that y : kx. k is called the
constant of variation.
yvaries jointlyas xandz if there issome numberksuchthat v: kxz. wherek * 0. I
r
If y varies directly as
and J = 16 when fi :4, frnd r when
ffi":"t**t"a.s.r.nd
z : 10 when r :2
aJJ.d J/ z: airrd 4, find:f'
! '= 2O- whenx:4ande:3.
lt lz ,. v..
Direct proportion
-;=- : -;-
i.a. -
Joint variation
e2 ^1rt
16 20 10 lz
Yt=14'X,=2'z'=4'xz-4'
Y, = 16, X, = 4, and l":2O 2.4: 4.3
(20X4)
andZr=!
76x, = = Syz
Cross multiply.
120 simptify.
xz: 5 SimPlifY
! z : 15 Divide each sice by B.
Tire value of r is 5 when y is 20. The value of y is 15 when x : 4 and z = 3.
E:rercises
1.Ify varies directly as:r and ! = g when 2.If 3t varies directly as.r and], : 1G \t'hen
x,:6,frndywhenr=8. r: 36, findy when x = 54.
s
o
5. Suppose y varies jointiy as x and. z. 6. Suppose y varies jointly as .,r and e. Fin<i y
F
Findy when x = 5 and z = 3, ify = 18 when x = 6 andz - B, ify =, 6 whenr: is 4
.a when r is 3 and z is 2. and z is 2.
!
T
i ?. Suppose y varies jointly as r: and z. 8. Suppose varies jointly as ,c and z. Find
ry
1,
Findy when x = 4 and z = 11, ify = 69 when x = 5 and z = 2, if y = 84 when
when r is 3 and e is 5. xis4andzisT.
C
(5
@
9, Ify varies directly as rc and J : 3g 10. Ify varies directly as r and r : G0 u'hen
o
O
()
when x = 52, findy when x = 22. y=75,findrwhenI=42.
11. Suppose y varies jointlS' as x and z. 12. Suppose y varies jointly as jr and z. Find
Findywhen x=7 andz = 18,if when x = 5 and z = 27, if J' : 480 when
3,
Variation Functions -
Inverse V'ariation and Combined Variation
,^ "r', -.- r
k:.;:andk 7- Qzcz
Solve for k.
b1 b2
a'tc, arcr.
= U: Set proportions equal to each other.
4
(-2)3 _lo(-st
.+ - = -T- Substitute values from problem'
br=33* Simptity.
Exercises
L. If y varies inversely asx and J:12 rn'henr: 10, findy whenx: 15.
o
!
o
c
Z.If y varir:s inversely as.r and/ - 100 when x :38, findy when x - 76. o
cl
e
3. Ify varir:s inversely as r and J = 12when x : 42,findy when x : 24. :
11. Ify varir:s directly as z and inverseiy as r and J : 16 and z : 2 when x : ?,findy
wh,en x .= 14 and z : 8.
lZ.If y t'arir3s directly asz and inversely asr and ! = 23 andz = l when :x:-L2, findy
wh,en I '= 15 and z - -3.
The domair: of the function is all real numbers, while the range is
the set of all positive real numbers greater than 2.
Exercises
G:raph each function. State the domain and range.
1. y : 3(2)' 2.y = rs;' y :0.25(5)'
x: all re ] 3.
al numb
ers
s
'-
o
O
=t
o
c
F
6
C
.a
o
:c
d
4- v : 2(3)' 5. y = 4"-2 E' j = 2'"'
o
o
g-
.s,
oo
ffinBW
"*"" "
: Hil;;;;;;; ;",u*
Make a table of values. Connect the points to form a smooth culve.
The domai.n is ail real numbers and the ranse is the set of all
positi'ue rea.l numbers.
Exercises
Graph ear:h function. State the domain and range.
1.r ,= 6(;)' 2.y = _r(+)' 3. y : -0.4(0.2)'
<)
+i_
o
t
o
c x
a;
":.
!?.
o
=
q
4'v '- (3)(+)'
-' +2 5.y :4t;J71 1r * 3
_1 G.v:t-ill;j / r \ /c\a -5
+G l
L-j
::
:a
:=
(l
l
AJ
:9
:i
When you simplify an expression, you rew'rite it without powers of powers, pa::entheses,.
or negative exponents. Each base appears only once, and all fractions are in simplest form..
The following properties are usefui when simplifiring expressions.
o
o
1.
-. A-ba'b"
't.
'- z
)"ldbc)" 8.m7 - m8 9. dm"n'
o
4*"t
q3^4+2
o 2mn2(3m2n)'
L(1. -' ,u . LL. 4i (-j -'z k2 )(3j 3 k- )
1
L2.
2"catz 12m3n'
Sphere the set of ali points that are a given distance from
a given point (center)
O G Iencoer/McGraw-Hill 70 Geonetry
NAME d.Arg
Student Edition
Studu Guide Poges 666-671
Coo,rdinate Proof
You cem place figures in the coordinate plane and use algebra to
prove theorems. The foliowing guidelines for positioning figures
can help keep the algebra simple.
. U'sethe origin as a vertex or eenter.
. Place at least one side of a poiygon on an axis.
. Keep the figure within the first quadrant if possible.
. Use coordinates that make computations simple.
The djlstance formula, the midpoint formula, and your knowledge
of slopes are useful tools for coordinate proofs.
OB:@:1/q2+bz
AC:ffi:{pjg
Since OB : AC, t}:'e diagonals are congruent.
Name the missing coordinates in terms of the given variables.
l. ABCD is a rectangle.
3" Use a coordinate proof to show that the opposite sides of any
parallelogram are congruent.
Y cw, tl D(a + b, cl
o A(0,0) B(a,0) x
@ GlencodMcGraw-Hill 75 Geometry
Studu Guide
Coordinates in Space
In space, you need an ordered triple of real numbers to
describe the location of a point. In space, the r-, y-, and
z-axes are perpendicular to each other. In the figure at the
right, t.he ordered triple (-2, -3,1) locates point P.
Given two points A(x1, !1, er) and B(xr, !2, zr) rn space, the
distance between A and B is given bythe fo-llowing
equation.
AB:
The midpoint of AB has coordinates e+L,r"'itr.a+\
\2'2'2i