New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

Inequalities in One Unknown

2
Consolidation Exercise Solution

Consolidation Exercise 2C (P.2.8) Sketch:

y
1. (a) The required solutions are 3 ≤ x ≤ 5.
(b) The required solutions are x < 3 or x > 5. y = x(x − 12)
x
0 12
2. (a) The required solutions are x < −3 or x > 1.
(b) The required solutions are −3 ≤ x ≤ 1.
From the sketch, the required solutions are
3. The corresponding quadratic function is 0 ≤ x ≤ 12.
y = 3x(x + 3). Graphical representation:
When y = 0,
3x(x + 3) = 0
0 12
x=0 or −3
Since the coefficient of x2 is 3 (> 0), the graph of 5. The corresponding quadratic function is
y = 3x(x + 3) opens upward. y = (x + 5)(x − 7).
Sketch: When y = 0,
y
(x + 5)(x − 7) = 0
y = 3x(x + 3) x = −5 or 7
x Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph of
0
−3 y = (x + 5)(x − 7) opens upward.
Sketch:
y
y = (x + 5)(x − 7)
From the sketch, the required solutions are
x < −3 or x > 0.
Graphical representation: x
0
−5 7

From the sketch, the required solutions are

−3 0
−5 < x < 7.
Graphical representation:
4. The corresponding quadratic function is
y = x(x − 12).
When y = 0, −5 0 7
x(x − 12) = 0
x=0 or 12
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph of
y = x(x − 12) opens upward.

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6. The corresponding quadratic function is Sketch:

y = (x − 4)(2x − 5). y

When y = 0,
(x − 4)(2x − 5) = 0 x
0
5 4
x = 4 or
2
2
Since the coefficient of x is 2 (> 0), the graph of y = x2 − 4x
y = (x − 4)(2x − 5) opens upward. From the sketch, the required solutions are
Sketch: x<0 or x > 4.
y y = (x − 4)(2x − 5) Graphical representation:

0 4
x
0 4
5
2
8. The corresponding quadratic function is
From the sketch, the required solutions are y = x2 + 9x.
5 When y = 0,
x≤ or x ≥ 4.
2 x2 + 9x = 0
Graphical representation: x(x + 9) = 0
x=0 or −9
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph of
0 5 4
y = x2 + 9x opens upward.
2
Sketch:
y
7. The corresponding quadratic function is
y = x2 − 4x. y = x2 + 9x
When y = 0,
x
x2 − 4x = 0 −9
0
x(x − 4) = 0
x=0 or 4
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph of From the sketch, the required solutions are
y = x2 − 4x opens upward. −9 ≤ x ≤ 0.
Graphical representation:

−9 0

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

9. The corresponding quadratic function is From the sketch, the required solutions are
2
y = x − 12x + 35. −2 < x < 15.
When y = 0, Graphical representation:
2
x − 12x + 35 = 0
(x − 5)(x − 7) = 0
−2 0 15
x=5 or 7
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph of
11. x2 > 4
y = x2 − 12x + 35 opens upward.
x2 − 4 > 0
Sketch:
y The corresponding quadratic function is
y = x2 − 12x + 35 y = x2 − 4.
When y = 0,
x2 − 4 = 0
(x + 2)(x − 2) = 0
x
0 5 7
x = −2 or 2
From the sketch, the required solutions are Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph of
x ≤ 5 or x ≥ 7. y = x2 − 4 opens upward.
Graphical representation: Sketch:
y
y = x2 − 4
0 5 7

x
10. The corresponding quadratic function is 0
−2 2
y = x2 − 13x − 30.
When y = 0,
x2 − 13x − 30 = 0 From the sketch, the required solutions are
(x + 2)(x − 15) = 0 x < −2 or x > 2.
x = −2 or 15 Graphical representation:
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph of
y = x2 − 13x − 30 opens upward.
−2 0 2
Sketch:
y
y = x2 − 13x − 30

x
0
−2 15

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

12. The corresponding quadratic function is Sketch:

2 y
y = 25 − x .
y = 13x + x2 + 36
When y = 0,
25 − x2 = 0
(5 + x)(5 − x) = 0
x = −5 or 5 x
0
Since the coefficient of x2 is −1 (< 0), the graph of −9 −4
From the sketch, the required solutions are
y = 25 − x2 opens downward.
−9 < x < −4.
Sketch:
y Graphical representation:

y = 25 − x2
−9 −4 0
x
0
−5 5 14. The corresponding quadratic function is
From the sketch, the required solutions are y = 4x − 32 + x2.

−5 ≤ x ≤ 5. When y = 0,

Graphical representation: 4x − 32 + x2 = 0
(x + 8)(x − 4) = 0
x = −8 or 4
−5 0 5 Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph of
y = 4x − 32 + x2 opens upward.
13. The corresponding quadratic function is Sketch:
y = 13x + x2 + 36. y
y = 4x − 32 + x2
When y = 0,
13x + x2 + 36 = 0 0
x
−8 4
(x + 9)(x + 4) = 0
x = −9 or −4
Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph of
y = 13x + x2 + 36 opens upward. From the sketch, the required solutions are
x ≤ −8 or x ≥ 4.
Graphical representation:

−8 0 4

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15. The corresponding quadratic function is Sketch:

y = 6x + 27 − x . 2 y

When y = 0, y = 24 − x2 + 2x

6x + 27 − x2 = 0
x2 − 6x − 27 = 0 x
−4 0
6
(x + 3)(x − 9) = 0
From the sketch, the required solutions are
x = −3 or 9
Since the coefficient of x2 is −1 (< 0), the graph of x ≤ −4 or x ≥ 6.

y = 6x + 27 − x2 opens downward. Graphical representation:

Sketch:
y
−4 0 6
y = 6x + 27 − x2

17. The corresponding quadratic function is

x y = x2 − 5x + 2.
−3 0 9
When y = 0,
From the sketch, the required solutions are
x2 − 5x + 2 = 0
−3 < x < 9.
−(−5) ± (−5) 2 − 4(1)(2)
Graphical representation: x=
2(1)
5 − 17 5 + 17
= or
2 2
−3 0 9 2
Since the coefficient of x is 1 (> 0), the graph of

16. The corresponding quadratic function is y = x2 − 5x + 2 opens upward.

y = 24 − x2 + 2x. Sketch:
y
When y = 0, 5 − 17
2
24 − x + 2x = 0 2
x2 − 2x − 24 = 0 x
0
(x + 4)(x − 6) = 0 5 + 17
y = x2 − 5x + 2
x = −4 or 6 2
2
Since the coefficient of x is −1 (< 0), the graph of
From the sketch, the required solutions are
y = 24 − x2 + 2x opens downward.
5 − 17 5 + 17
≤x≤ .
2 2
Graphical representation:

0 5 − 17 5 + 17
2 2

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

18. The corresponding quadratic function is Sketch:

2
y = 5x + x − 4. y
y = −x2 − 3x − 1
When y = 0,
5x + x2 − 4 = 0
−5 ± 5 2 − 4(1)(−4) x
x= 0
2(1) −3− 5 −3+ 5
−5 − 41 −5 + 41 2 2
= or
2 2
2
From the sketch, the required solutions are
Since the coefficient of x is 1 (> 0), the graph of
−3− 5 −3+ 5
y = 5x + x2 − 4 opens upward. < x< .
2 2
Sketch:
Graphical representation:
y = 5x + x2 − 4 y

x −3− 5 −3+ 5 0
0
2 2
−5 − 41 −5 + 41
2 2
From the sketch, the required solutions are 20. The corresponding quadratic function is

−5 − 41 −5 + 41 y = 4 + x − x 2.
x≤ or x ≥ .
2 2 When y = 0,
Graphical representation: 4 + x − x2 = 0
− 1 ± 12 − 4(−1)(4)
x=
2(−1)
− 5 − 41 0 −5 + 41 1 − 17 1 + 17
= or
2 2 2 2
2
Since the coefficient of x is −1 (< 0), the graph of
19. The corresponding quadratic function is y = 4 + x − x2 opens downward.
2
y = −x − 3x − 1. Sketch:
When y = 0, y
2
− x − 3x − 1 = 0 y = 4 + x − x2

− (−3) ± (−3) 2 − 4(−1)(−1)

x=
2(−1)
x
−3− 5 −3+ 5 0
= or 1 + 17
2 2 1 − 17
2
Since the coefficient of x is −1 (< 0), the graph of 2 2
From the sketch, the required solutions are
y = −x2 − 3x − 1 opens downward.
1 − 17 1 + 17
x< or x > .
2 2
Graphical representation:

1 − 17 0 1 + 17
2 2

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

21. (a) The required solution is x = 4. Sketch:

(b) The required solutions are all real numbers y

except 4.

22. (a) The inequality has no solutions.

x
(b) The required solutions are all real numbers. 0
−6 5
3
23. The corresponding quadratic function is y = 30 − 3x2 − 13x
y = 4x2 − 11x + 7. From the sketch, the required solutions are
When y = 0, 5
−6 ≤ x ≤ .
4x2 − 11x + 7 = 0 3
(x − 1)(4x − 7) = 0
7 25. The corresponding quadratic function is
x=1 or
4 y = 5x + 6x2 − 6.
2
Since the coefficient of x is 4 (> 0), the graph of When y = 0,
2
y = 4x − 11x + 7 opens upward. 5x + 6x 2 − 6 = 0
Sketch: (2x + 3)(3x − 2) = 0
y
3 2
y = 4x2 − 11x + 7 x =− or
2 3
2
Since the coefficient of x is 6 (> 0), the graph of
y = 5x + 6x2 − 6 opens upward.
Sketch:
x
0 y
1 7
4 y = 5x + 6x2 − 6
From the sketch, the required solutions are
7
x < 1 or x > .
4 x
0
3 2
−
2 3
24. The corresponding quadratic function is
y = 30 − 3x2 − 13x.
From the sketch, the required solutions are
When y = 0,
3 2
30 − 3x2 − 13x = 0 − ≤x≤ .
2 3
3x2 + 13x − 30 = 0
(x + 6)(3x − 5) = 0
5
x = −6 or
3
2
Since the coefficient of x is −3 (< 0), the graph of
y = 30 − 3x2 − 13x opens downward.

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26. The corresponding quadratic function is 28. The corresponding quadratic function is
2
y = 4x + 1 − 5x . y = −12x − 9 − 4x2.
When y = 0, When y = 0,
2
4x + 1 − 5x = 0 −12x − 9 − 4x2 = 0
5x2 − 4x − 1 = 0 4x2 + 12x + 9 = 0
(5x + 1)(x − 1) = 0 (2x + 3)2 = 0
1 3
x =−
or 1 x =− (repeated)
5 2
Since the coefficient of x2 is −5 (< 0), the graph of Since the coefficient of x2 is −4 (< 0), the graph of
y = 4x + 1 − 5x2 opens downward. y = −12x − 9 − 4x2 opens downward.
Sketch: Sketch:
y y
2
y = 4x + 1 − 5x
x
3 0
−
2

x y = −12x − 9 − 4x2
0 1
1
−
5 From the sketch, the required solution is
3
From the sketch, the required solutions are x=− .
2
1
x < − or x > 1.
5
29. The corresponding quadratic function is
y = 5x2 + x + 5.
27. The corresponding quadratic function is
For the equation 5x2 + x + 5 = 0,
y = 3x2 − 18x + 27.
discriminant = 12 − 4(5)(5)
When y = 0,
= −99 < 0
3x2 − 18x + 27 = 0
x 2 − 6x + 9 = 0
∴ The graph of y = 5x2 + x + 5 has no x-intercepts.
Since the coefficient of x2 is 5 (> 0), the graph of
(x − 3)2 = 0
y = 5x2 + x + 5 opens upward.
x = 3 (repeated)
Sketch:
Since the coefficient of x2 is 3 (> 0), the graph of
y
y = 3x2 − 18x + 27 opens upward.
y = 5x2 + x + 5
Sketch:
y
y = 3x2 − 18x + 27

x
O
From the sketch, the inequality has no solutions.
x
0 3
From the sketch, the required solutions are all real
numbers except 3.

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30. The corresponding quadratic function is 32. 4x2 − 2x ≥ 2x + 3

y = 3x − x2 − 10. 4x2 − 4x − 3 ≥ 0
For the equation 3x − x2 − 10 = 0, The corresponding quadratic function is
2
discriminant = 3 − 4(−1)(−10) y = 4x2 − 4x − 3.
= −31 < 0 When y = 0,
∴ The graph of y = 3x − x − 10 has no 2
4x2 − 4x − 3 = 0
x-intercepts. (2x + 1)(2x − 3) = 0
2
Since the coefficient of x is −1 (< 0), the graph of 1 3
x =− or
y = 3x − x2 − 10 opens downward. 2 2
2
Since the coefficient of x is 4 (> 0), the graph of
Sketch:
y y = 4x2 − 4x − 3 opens upward.
x Sketch:
O y
y = 4x2 − 4x − 3

y = 3x − x2 − 10 x
0
1 3
From the sketch, the required solutions are all real −
2 2
numbers.
From the sketch, the required solutions are
1 3
31. −8x < 4 − 5x2 x ≤ − or x ≥ .
2 2
5x2 − 8x − 4 < 0
The corresponding quadratic function is
33. (x + 2)(x + 3) ≤ 2
y = 5x2 − 8x − 4.
x 2 + 5x + 6 ≤ 2
When y = 0,
2
x 2 + 5x + 4 ≤ 0
5x − 8x − 4 = 0
The corresponding quadratic function is
(5x + 2)(x − 2) = 0
y = x2 + 5x + 4.
2
x =− or 2 When y = 0,
5
Since the coefficient of x2 is 5 (> 0), the graph of x 2 + 5x + 4 = 0
y = 5x2 − 8x − 4 opens upward. (x + 1)(x + 4) = 0
Sketch: x = −1 or −4
y Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the graph of
2
y = 5x − 8x − 4
y = x2 + 5x + 4 opens upward.
Sketch:
y
x y = x2 + 5x + 4
0
2 2
−
5
x
0
From the sketch, the required solutions are −4 −1
2
− < x < 2.
5
From the sketch, the required solutions are
−4 ≤ x ≤ −1.

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

34. 3(x + 2)(x − 3) > 2(x − 8) Sketch:

2 y
3x − 3x − 18 > 2x − 16 y = 2x2 + x − 4
3x2 − 5x − 2 > 0
The corresponding quadratic function is
x
y = 3x2 − 5x − 2. 0

When y = 0, −1− 33 −1+ 33

2
3x − 5x − 2 = 0 4 4

(3x + 1)(x − 2) = 0 From the sketch, the required solutions are

1 −1 − 33 −1 + 33
x =− or 2 x< or x > .
3 4 4
Since the coefficient of x2 is 3 (> 0), the graph of
y = 3x2 − 5x − 2 opens upward.
36. (1 − 3x)(5 − x) ≤ 2 − 9x
Sketch:
5 − 16x + 3x2 ≤ 2 − 9x
y
3x2 − 7x + 3 ≤ 0
y = 3x2 − 5x − 2
The corresponding quadratic function is

x
y = 3x2 − 7x + 3.
0
1 2 When y = 0,
−
3 3x2 − 7x + 3 = 0
From the sketch, the required solutions are
−(−7) ± (−7) 2 − 4(3)(3)
1 x=
x<− or x > 2. 2(3)
3
7 − 13 7 + 13
= or
6 6
35. 3 − 2x < (2x + 1)(x − 1) 2
Since the coefficient of x is 3 (> 0), the graph of
3 − 2x < 2x 2 − x − 1 y = 3x2 − 7x + 3 opens upward.
2x 2 + x − 4 > 0 Sketch:
The corresponding quadratic function is y

y = 2x2 + x − 4. y = 3x2 − 7x + 3

When y = 0,
2x 2 + x − 4 = 0
−1 ± 12 − 4(2)(−4) x
x= 0
2( 2)
−1 − 33 −1 + 33 7 − 13 7 + 13
= or
4 4 6 6
2 From the sketch, the required solutions are
Since the coefficient of x is 2 (> 0), the graph of
7 − 13 7 + 13
y = 2x2 + x − 4 opens upward. ≤x≤ .
6 6

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

37. (a) The corresponding quadratic function is 38. (a) The corresponding quadratic function is
2
y = 8x + 22x − 21. y = x2 − 12x − 45.
When y = 0, When y = 0,
2
8x + 22x − 21 = 0 x2 − 12x − 45 = 0
(2x + 7)(4x − 3) = 0 (x + 3)(x − 15) = 0
7 3 x = −3 or 15
x =−
or
2 4 Since the coefficient of x2 is 1 (> 0), the
2
Since the coefficient of x is 8 (> 0), the
graph of y = x2 − 12x − 45 opens upward.
2
graph of y = 8x + 22x − 21 opens upward.
Sketch:
Sketch: y
y
y = x2 − 12x − 45
2
y = 8x + 22x − 21

x
0
x −3 15
0
7 3
−
2 4
From the sketch, the required solutions are
From the sketch, the required solutions are −3 < x < 15.
7 3 (b) (4z − 1)2 − 48z + 12 < 45
x ≤ − or x ≥ .
2 4 (4z − 1)2 − 12(4z − 1) < 45
(4z − 1)2 − 12(4z − 1) − 45 < 0
(b) Put x = 2y − 1 into the results of (a). Put x = 4z − 1 into the results of (a).
7 3
2y − 1 ≤ − or 2y − 1 ≥ −3 < 4z − 1 < 15
2 4
Rewrite the above compound inequality as
7
Solving 2y − 1 ≤ − :
2 −3 < 4z − 1 and 4z − 1 < 15.
5 Solving −3 < 4z − 1:
2y ≤ −
2 −4z < 2
5
y ≤ − ....................... (1) 1
4 z >−....................................... (1)
2
3
Solving 2y − 1 ≥ : Solving 4z − 1 < 15:
4
7 4z < 16
2y ≥
4 z < 4 .................................... (2)
7
y ≥ .......................... (2) ∵ z must satisfy (1) and (2).

∴
8
∵ y must satisfy (1) or (2). The required solutions are −
1
< z < 4.
∴ The required solutions are
(c) Smallest value of k
2

5 7
y ≤ − or y ≥ . =1
4 8
(c) The required integer = −2

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