New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

Inequalities in One Unknown

2
Consolidation Exercise Solution

Consolidation Exercise 2D (P.2.10) 5. x2 > 100

1. (x − 6)(x + 7) < 0 x2 − 100 > 0
x − 6 > 0 x − 6 < 0 (x + 10)(x − 10) > 0
 or 
x + 7 < 0 x + 7 > 0  x + 10 > 0  x + 10 < 0
 or 
x > 6 x < 6  x − 10 > 0  x − 10 < 0
 or 
 x < −7  x > −7  x > −10  x < −10
 or 
no solutions or −7 < x < 6  x > 10  x < 10
∴ The solutions are −7 < x < 6. x > 10 or x < −10
∴ The solutions are x > 10 or x < −10.
2. (4x + 5)(x + 8) ≥ 0
4 x + 5 ≥ 0 4 x + 5 ≤ 0 6. 28 − 3x − x2 ≤ 0
 or  x2 + 3x − 28 ≥ 0
x + 8 ≥ 0 x + 8 ≤ 0
 5  5 (x + 7)(x − 4) ≥ 0
x ≥ − x ≤ −
 4 or  4 x + 7 ≥ 0 x + 7 ≤ 0
 x ≥ −8  x ≤ −8  or 
x − 4 ≥ 0 x − 4 ≤ 0
5  x ≥ −7  x ≤ −7
x ≥− or x ≤ −8
4  or 
x ≥ 4 x ≤ 4
∴ The solutions are x ≥ −
5
or x ≤ −8. x≥4 or x ≤ −7
4
∴ The solutions are x ≥ 4 or x ≤ −7.

3. x2 − 9x + 18 > 0 7. x2 − 8x + 5 ≥ 0
(x − 3)(x − 6) > 0 [x − (4 − 11 )][x − (4 + 11 )] ≥ 0
x − 3 > 0 x − 3 < 0  x − (4 − 11) ≥ 0  x − (4 − 11) ≤ 0
 or   or 
x − 6 > 0 x − 6 < 0  x − (4 + 11) ≥ 0  x − (4 + 11) ≤ 0
x > 3 x < 3  x ≥ 4 −  x ≤ 4 −
 or  11 11
x > 6 x < 6  or 
 x ≥ 4 + 11  x ≤ 4 + 11
x>6 or x < 3
∴ The solutions are x > 6 or x < 3. x ≥ 4 + 11 or x ≤ 4 − 11
∴ The solutions are x ≥ 4 + 11 or x ≤ 4 − 11.
4. x2 + 4x − 32 ≤ 0
8. 11 + 4x − x2 > 0
(x + 8)(x − 4) ≤ 0
x2 − 4x − 11 < 0
x + 8 ≥ 0 x + 8 ≤ 0
 or  [x − (2 − 15 )][x − (2 + 15 )] < 0
x − 4 ≤ 0 x − 4 ≥ 0
 x − ( 2 − 15 ) > 0  x − ( 2 − 15 ) < 0
 x ≥ −8  x ≤ −8  or 
 or   x − ( 2 + 15 ) < 0  x − ( 2 + 15 ) > 0
x ≤ 4 x ≥ 4
−8 ≤ x ≤ 4 or no solutions  x > 2 − 15  x < 2 − 15
∴ The solutions are −8 ≤ x ≤ 4.

 x < 2 + 15
or 
 x > 2 + 15
2 − 15 < x < 2 + 15 or no solutions
∴ The solutions are 2 − 15 < x < 2 + 15.

© Oxford University Press 2015 2D-2.1 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5A02

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

9. (x + 5)(3x + 2) < 0
2 2 2
x < −5 x = −5 −5 < x < − x =− x >−
3 3 3
x+5 − 0 + + +
3x + 2 − − − 0 +
(x + 5)(3x + 2) + 0 − 0 +

∴ 2
The solutions are − 5 < x < − .
3

10. (3 + x)(11 − x) ≥ 0
x < −3 x = −3 −3 < x < 11 x = 11 x > 11
3+x − 0 + + +
11 − x + + + 0 −
(3 + x)(11 − x) − 0 + 0 −
∴ The solutions are −3 ≤ x ≤ 11.

11. x2 − 6x − 16 ≤ 0
(x + 2)(x − 8) ≤ 0
x < −2 x = −2 −2 < x < 8 x=8 x>8
x+2 − 0 + + +
x−8 − − − 0 +
(x + 2)(x − 8) + 0 − 0 +
∴ The solutions are −2 ≤ x ≤ 8.

12. x2 − 13x + 40 > 0

(x − 5)(x − 8) > 0
x<5 x=5 5<x<8 x=8 x>8
x−5 − 0 + + +
x−8 − − − 0 +
(x − 5)(x − 8) + 0 − 0 +
∴ The solutions are x < 5 or x > 8.

© Oxford University Press 2015 2D-2.2 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5A02

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

13. 25 < x2
x2 − 25 > 0
(x + 5)(x − 5) > 0
x < −5 x = −5 −5 < x < 5 x=5 x>5
x+5 − 0 + + +
x−5 − − − 0 +
(x + 5)(x − 5) + 0 − 0 +
∴ The solutions are x < −5 or x > 5.

14. 30 + 7x − x2 ≥ 0
x2 − 7x − 30 ≤ 0
(x + 3)(x − 10) ≤ 0
x < −3 x = −3 −3 < x < 10 x = 10 x > 10
x+3 − 0 + + +
x − 10 − − − 0 +
(x + 3)(x − 10) + 0 − 0 +
∴ The solutions are −3 ≤ x ≤ 10.

15. x2 + 12x + 36 ≥ 0
(x + 6)2 ≥ 0
x < −6 x = −6 x > −6
x+6 − 0 +
(x + 6)2 + 0 +
∴ The solutions are all real numbers.

16. x2 + 9 < 6x
x2 − 6x + 9 < 0
(x − 3)2 < 0
x<3 x=3 x>3
x−3 − 0 +
(x − 3)2 + 0 +
∴ The inequality has no solutions.

© Oxford University Press 2015 2D-2.3 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5A02

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

17. (x + 3)(x + 7) < 0 24. Since 4x2 − 4kx + k + 12 = 0 has no real roots,
−7 < x < −3 ∆<0
(−4k)2 − 4(4)(k + 12) < 0
18. x2 − 12x + 20 ≥ 0 16k2 − 16k − 192 < 0
(x − 2)(x − 10) ≥ 0 k2 − k − 12 < 0
x≤2 or x ≥ 10 (k + 3)(k − 4) < 0
−3 < k < 4
2
19. x − 4x − 45 > 0
(x + 5)(x − 9) > 0 25. Since x = −2 satisfies x2 + 4kx + 5k2 > 4,
x < −5 or x > 9 (−2)2 + 4k(−2) + 5k2 > 4
5k2 − 8k > 0
20. −16 ≤ −x2 k(5k − 8) > 0
x2 − 16 ≤ 0 8
k < 0 or k >
(x + 4)(x − 4) ≤ 0 5

−4 ≤ x ≤ 4
26. When the height of the stone above the ground is

21. 8 + 7x − x2 < 0 less than 15 m,

x2 − 7x − 8 > 0 30 + 10t − 5t2 < 15

(x + 1)(x − 8) > 0 5t2 − 10t − 15 > 0

x < −1 or x > 8 t2 − 2t − 3 > 0

(t + 1)(t − 3) > 0

22. 9x2 + 6x + 1 ≤ 0 t < −1 or t > 3

(3x + 1)2 ≤ 0 ∵ t≥0

x <−
1
x =−
1
x >−
1 ∴ The range of values of t is t > 3.
3 3 3
3x + 1 − 0 + 27. According to the question, we have
(3x + 1)2 + 0 + x2 < 4(x + 8)

∴ 1
The solution is x = − .
3
x2 − 4x − 32 < 0
(x + 4)(x − 8) < 0
−4 < x < 8
2
23. Since x + (5 − k)x + 1 = 0 has two distinct real ∵ x>0
roots, ∴ The range of values of x is 0 < x < 8.
∆>0
2
(5 − k) − 4(1)(1) > 0 28. 4x2 − 4x − 3 ≤ 0
25 − 10k + k2 − 4 > 0 (2x + 1)(2x − 3) ≤ 0
k2 − 10k + 21 > 0 1 3
− ≤x≤
(k − 3)(k − 7) > 0 2 2
k<3 or k>7

© Oxford University Press 2015 2D-2.4 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5A02

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

29. 4x2 − 19x + 12 > 0 34. (3x − 2)2 ≤ 9

(4x − 3)(x − 4) > 0 9x2 − 12x + 4 ≤ 9
3 9x2 − 12x − 5 ≤ 0
x< or x > 4
4 (3x + 1)(3x − 5) ≤ 0
1 5
− ≤x≤
30. x2 + 6x + 11 ≤ 0 3 3
2 2
6 6 Alternative
x + 6x +   −   + 11 ≤ 0
2
2 2 (3x − 2)2 ≤ 9
(x + 3)2 + 2 ≤ 0 (3x − 2)2 − 32 ≤ 0
For all real numbers x, (x + 3)2 + 2 ≤ 0 does not (3x − 2 + 3)(3x − 2 − 3) ≤ 0
hold. (3x + 1)(3x − 5) ≤ 0
∴ The inequality has no solutions. 1
− ≤x≤
5
3 3
31. 1 + x − 6x2 ≥ 0
6x2 − x − 1 ≤ 0 35. 4(x − 2)(x + 1) ≤ 7
(3x + 1)(2x − 1) ≤ 0 4(x2 − x − 2) ≤ 7
1 1 4x2 − 4x − 15 ≤ 0
− ≤x≤
3 2 (2x + 3)(2x − 5) ≤ 0
3 5
− ≤x≤
32. 7 > 4x − 2x2 2 2
2x2 − 4x + 7 > 0
2(x2 − 2x) + 7 > 0 36. (2x + 3)(x + 7) > 9x
 2x2 + 17x + 21 > 9x
−2 −2 
2 2
2 x 2 − 2 x +   −  + 7 > 0
  2   2   2x2 + 8x + 21 > 0
2(x2 + 4x) + 21 > 0
2(x − 1)2 + 5 > 0
  4 4 
2 2
For all real numbers x, 2(x − 1)2 + 5 > 0 holds. 2  x 2 + 4 x +   −    + 21 > 0
∴ The solutions are all real numbers.   2   2  
2(x + 2)2 + 13 > 0
33. 65 ≤ 16(x2 − 1) For all real numbers x, 2(x + 2)2 + 13 > 0 holds.
65 ≤ 16x2 − 16 ∴ The solutions are all real numbers.
16x2 − 81 ≥ 0
(4x + 9)(4x − 9) ≥ 0
9 9
x≤− or x ≥
4 4

© Oxford University Press 2015 2D-2.5 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5A02

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

37. (3x + 1)(2x + 3) < 5x 40. (a) 2(4x + 3)(x − 2) < 13

2
6x + 11x + 3 < 5x 2(4x2 − 5x − 6) < 13
6x2 + 6x + 3 < 0 8x2 − 10x − 25 < 0
2x2 + 2x + 1 < 0 (4x + 5)(2x − 5) < 0
2(x2 + x) + 1 < 0 5 5
− <x<
 2 4 2
1 1 
2 2
2 x + x +   −    + 1 < 0 (b) The positive integers satisfying the inequality
  2   2  
in (a) are 1 and 2.
∴
2
 1 1
2 x +  + < 0 2 positive integers satisfy the inequality
 2 2
2 in (a).
 1 1
For all real numbers x, 2 x +  + < 0
 2 2
does not hold. 41. Since the quadratic graph of y = x2 − 4kx + (k + 14)
∴ The inequality has no solutions. does not have any x-intercepts,
∆<0
38. (a) x2 − 19x + 48 < 0 (−4k)2 − 4(1)(k + 14) < 0
(x − 3)(x − 16) < 0 16k2 − 4k − 56 < 0
3 < x < 16 4k2 − k − 14 < 0
(b) The largest and the smallest integers satisfying (4k + 7)(k − 2) < 0
7
the inequality in (a) are 15 and 4 respectively. − <k<2
4

39. (a) (i) 3(x − 1) ≥ 2x

42. (a) If k = 5, the equation will become −5 = 0,
3x − 3 ≥ 2x
which is not a quadratic equation.
x≥3
(ii) (2x + 1)(x − 5) < 13
∴ The value of k cannot be equal to 5.
(b) Since (k − 5)x2 + (k − 5)x − k = 0 has real
2x2 − 9x − 5 < 13
roots,
2x2 − 9x − 18 < 0
∆≥0
(2x + 3)(x − 6) < 0 2
(k − 5) − 4(k − 5)(−k) ≥ 0
3
− <x<6 (k − 5)(k − 5 + 4k) ≥ 0
2
(b) From (a), x must satisfy x ≥ 3 and (k − 5)(5k − 5) ≥ 0
3 (k − 5)(k − 1) ≥ 0
− < x<6.
2 k≤1 or k≥5
∴ The range of values of x is 3 ≤ x < 6. ∵ k≠5
∴ The range of values of k is
k ≤ 1 or k > 5.

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New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

43. Since (2k + 1)x2 − 3kx + 4 > 0 holds for all real 45. (a) Larger number = 8 − x
2
numbers x, for the equation (2k + 1)x − 3kx + 4 = 0, x<8−x
the coefficient of x2 > 0 and ∆ < 0, 2x < 8
 2k + 1 > 0 x<4
i.e.  2
(−3k ) − 4(2k + 1)(4) < 0 ∴ x cannot be greater than 4.
Solving 2k + 1 > 0: (b) According to the question, we have
2k > −1 x2 + (8 − x)2 ≥ 50
1 x2 + 64 − 16x + x2 ≥ 50
k > − ................................... (1)
2 2x2 − 16x + 14 ≥ 0
2
Solving (−3k) − 4(2k + 1)(4) < 0:
x2 − 8x + 7 ≥ 0
2
9k − 32k − 16 < 0
(x − 1)(x − 7) ≥ 0
(9k + 4)(k − 4) < 0
x≤1 or x≥7
4
− < k < 4 ......... (2) ∵ 0<x<4

∵
9
k must satisfy (1) and (2). ∴ The range of values of x is 0 < x ≤ 1.

∴ 4
The range of values of k is − < k < 4.
9 46. New length = (12 + 2x) m
New width = (4 + x) m
44. (a) Larger number = x + 4 According to the question, we have
According to the question, we have (12 + 2x)(4 + x) ≥ 2(12)(4)
x(x + 4) − (x + x + 4) ≥ 44 2x2 + 20x + 48 ≥ 96
x2 + 4x − 2x − 4 ≥ 44 2x2 + 20x − 48 ≥ 0
x2 + 2x − 48 ≥ 0 x2 + 10x − 24 ≥ 0
(x + 8)(x − 6) ≥ 0 (x + 12)(x − 2) ≥ 0
x ≤ −8 or x≥6 x ≤ −12 or x≥2
∴ The range of values of x is ∵ x>0
x ≤ −8 or x ≥ 6. ∴ The range of values of x is x ≥ 2.
(b) ∵ The two numbers are positive.
∴ The range of values of x is x ≥ 6.
x+4≥6+4
= 10
Minimum value of the larger number = 10

© Oxford University Press 2015 2D-2.7 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5A02

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

47. (a) Total surface area (b) According to the question, we have
= 2[(x + 2)(x + 1) + x(x + 2) + x(x + 1)] cm 2 k ( k − 2 + 2 k − 2)
× 4 ≤ 320
= 2(x2 + 3x + 2 + x2 + 2x + x2 + x) cm2 2
3k2 − 4k ≤ 160
= (6x2 + 12x + 4) cm2
3k2 − 4k − 160 ≤ 0
(b) According to the question, we have
(3k + 20)(k − 8) ≤ 0
6x2 + 12x + 4 ≤ 214
20
6x2 + 12x − 210 ≤ 0 − ≤k≤8
3
x2 + 2x − 35 ≤ 0 ∵ k − 2 > 0, k > 0 and 2k − 2 > 0
(x + 7)(x − 5) ≤ 0 ∴ k > 2, k > 0 and k > 1
−7 ≤ x ≤ 5
∵
i.e. k > 2
x>0 ∴ The range of values of k is 2 < k ≤ 8.
∴ The range of values of x is 0 < x ≤ 5.

49. (a) According to the question, we have

48. (a) A (k − 2) cm B
10x(x + 4) < 600
10x2 + 40x − 600 < 0
k cm
x2 + 4x − 60 < 0
45°
D P C (x + 10)(x − 6) < 0
−10 < x < 6
Let P be a point on DC such that AP ⊥ DC.
∵ x>0
Join AP.
AP = BC = k cm
∴ The range of values of x is 0 < x < 6.
(b) According to the question, we have
PC = AB = (k − 2) cm
In △APD, 0 < x < 6 ............................................. (1)

10 x( x + 4) ≥ 210
AP
tan 45° = Solving 10x(x + 4) ≥ 210:
DP
10x2 + 40x − 210 ≥ 0
DP = AP
x2 + 4x − 21 ≥ 0
= k cm
∴ DC = DP + PC
(x + 7)(x − 3) ≥ 0
x ≤ −7 or x ≥ 3... (2)
= (k + k − 2) cm
∵ x must satisfy (1) and (2).
= (2k − 2) cm
∴ The range of values of x is 3 ≤ x < 6.

© Oxford University Press 2015 2D-2.8 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5A02

New Century Mathematics (Second Edition) 5A

50. (a) The equation of L is

x y
+ =1
−1 c
cx − y = −c
cx − y + c = 0
(b) cx − y + c = 0
y = cx + c
Since L cuts the graph of y = x2 + 3x + 3 − c
at two distinct points, for the equation
cx + c = x2 + 3x + 3 − c, i.e.
x2 + (3 − c)x + 3 − 2c = 0,
∆>0
2
(3 − c) − 4(1)(3 − 2c) > 0
9 − 6c + c2 − 12 + 8c > 0
c2 + 2c − 3 > 0
(c + 3)(c − 1) > 0
c < −3 or c > 1
(c) ∵ The x-coordinates of A and B are the
roots of the equation
x2 + (3 − c)x + 3 − 2c = 0.
3−c
∴
−
h= 1
2
2h = −3 + c
c = 2h + 3
Put c = 2h + 3 into the results of (b).
2h + 3 < −3 or 2h + 3 > 1
Solving 2h + 3 < −3:
2h < −6
h < −3 ........................ (1)
Solving 2h + 3 > 1:
2h > −2
h > −1 ........................ (2)
∵ h must satisfy (1) or (2).
∴ The range of possible values of h is
h < −3 or h > −1.

© Oxford University Press 2015 2D-2.9 Consolidation Exercise Solution 5A02