L INEAR E QUATION I N T WO V ARIABLES -1

INTRODUCTION

In this chapter we shall review linear equations in one variable. Then we shall learn how to solve linear
equations in two variables. For this we shall learn graphical representation of a point in a plane. We shall
represent a point with the help of two numbers known as coordinates of that point. The concept of
coordinates was given by the French Mathematician Rene Descartes (15961650), which integrates
Algebra and geometry.

LINEAR EQUATION IN ONE VARIABLE

An equation is an equality which involves one or more unknown quantities. These quantities are known as
variables.
A linear equation in one variable is that equation in which only single variable with degree one occurs.
This can be written in the form ax + b = c, where a, b and c are numbers, a  0 and x is the variable.

For example, 3x – 9 = 4, , 5x + 9 = 0 are linear equations in one variable.

C Illustration 1:
Which of the following equations are linear equations in one variable?
(i) 2y – 4 = 9 + 4 (ii) x+ =4

(iii) (iv) (x – 2)2 = x2 – 4

(v) (x – 3)(x + 2) = x + 5

Solution: (i) This equation involves the variable y only in the first degree. So it is a linear equation
in one variable.
(ii) x + = 4  x2 + 1 = 4x

This equation involves the variable x in second degree. Therefore it is not a linear
equation.
(iii) This equation involves variable x only in the first degree and hence it is a linear
equation.
(iv) We have (x – 2)2 = x2 – 4  x2 – 4x + 4 = x2 – 4
 –4x + 4 = –4.
This equation involves the variable x in the first degree. So it is a linear equation in one
variable.
(v) (x – 3)(x + 2) = x + 5
 x2 – x  6 = x + 5
In this equation the variable x is in second degree and hence it is not a linear equation in
one variable.

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Solution of a linear equation in one variable

A value (real number) of the variable that satisfies the equation is called a solution or root of the equation.
For example, x = 2 is a solution of the equation 2x – 3 = x – 1, because when we put x = 2 in the
equation, we get LHS = RHS (= 1 each). Here, x = 2 is also known as the root of the equation.

Solving of an equation
The method of finding the roots of an equation is known as solving the equation.

Rules for solving an equation

(i) The same quantity can be added to both sides of the equation.
(ii) The same quantity can be subtracted from both sides of the equation.
(iii) Both sides of the equation can be multiplied or divided by same non-zero number.

(iv) The equation of the form , where a, b, c, d, p and q are numbers and cx + d  0 can be

reduced to linear equation.

q(ax + b) = p(cx + d). This process is called cross multiplication.
(v) Any term of an equation may be taken to the other side with a change in its sign. This process is
known as transposition. Thus 2x + 3 = 3x – 4  3 + 4 = 3x – 2x.

Solution by transposition
Step I : Transpose the term involving the variable (unknown) from RHS to the LHS and those terms which
do not involve variable from LHS to RHS while transposing, the sign of the term is to be changed.
Step II : Simplify the two sides to obtain the equation in the form of ax = b.
Step III : Divide both sides of the equation by the coefficient of x.

C Illustration 2:
Solve the following equations and check your answer:
(i) (ii) , x  Q, x  0, x  2

(iii) (6x – 5)(2x + 4) – 3(2x – 3)2 = 53 (iv) , x  R, x  1, x  2, x  3

(v) , y  R, y  

Solution: (i) The given equation is

 (By transposition)

 15x + 50x – 24x = –140 (Multiplying both sides by 20, the LCM of 4, 2, 5)
 41x = – 140
x=– (Dividing both sides by 41)

Check:
When we put x = – , we get

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LHS =

and RHS = .

 LHS = RHS 51
Hence x = – is a solution of the given equation.

(ii) The equation is

 x(2x) = (2x – 4)(x – 4) (By cross multiplication)

 2x2 = 2x2 – 12x + 16
 2x2– 2x2 + 12x = 16 (By transposition)
 12x = 16  x = (dividing both sides by 12)

Check:
When we put x = in the equation, we get

LHS = and RHS = .

 LHS = RHS
Hence x = is the solution.

(iii) The equation is (6x – 5)(2x + 4) – 3(2x – 3)2 = 53

 12x2 – 10x + 24x – 20 – 3(4x2 – 12x + 9) = 53
 12x2 + 14x – 20 – 12x2 + 36x – 27 = 53
 50x = 53 + 20 + 27 = 100 (By transposition)
x= (Dividing both sides by 50)

=2
Check:
Putting x = 2 in the equation, we get
LHS = 7  8 – 3 = 53 = RHS
 x = 2 is the solution of given equation.
(iv) The given equation is

 (x – 3)(7x – 10) = 7(x2 – 3x + 2) (By cross multiplication)

 7x2 – 31x + 30 = 7x2 – 21x + 14

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 7x2 – 7x2 – 31x + 21x = 14 – 30 (By transposition)

 –10x = –16
x= .

Check:
When we put x = in the equation, we get

LHS =

and RHS = .

x= is the solution.

(v) We have

 5(y2 + 3) = 7(y2 – 5) (By cross multiplication)

 5y2 + 15 = 7y2 – 35
 5y2 – 7y2 = –35 – 15 (By transposition)
 –2y2 = –50
 y2 = = 25  y =  5.

Check:
When we put y = 5 or – 5, we get
LHS = = RHS.

 There are two solutions of the given equation viz y = 5 or –5.

Exercise 1:œ
(i) Which of the following equations are linear equations?
(a) (b) x + 4 = x2 – 7x + 3

(c) (x – 3)(x + 5) = (4 – x)(7 – x) (d) x+4=2 –5

(ii) Solve the following equations and verify their solutions:
(a) 0.5 x – 7 = 0.25x – (b)

(c) (2x + 3)2 = (x + 1)(4x – 3) – 21 (d) , x  1, 2, 3

Applications of linear equations

Here, we shall solve some simple word problems of daily life.

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Method
Step I: Read the problem carefully.
Step II: Denote the required quantity by x (say).
Step III: From the conditions given in the question, construct a linear equation in x.
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Step IV: Solve this linear equation to get the value of x.
Note: If there are more than one unknown quantities, write one as x and other in terms of x.

C Illustration 3:
Find the three consecutive numbers such that twice the first, 3 times the second and 4 times the third
together make 191.
Solution: Let the three consecutive numbers be x, x + 1, x + 2.
Twice the number = 2x
3 times the second number = 3(x + 1)
4 times the third number = 4(x + 2)
 according to question,
2x + 3(x + 1) + 4(x + 2) = 191
2x + 3x + 3 + 4x + 8 = 191
9x = 191  11 = 180
x = 20
 the three consecutive numbers are 20, 21 and 22.

C Illustration 4:
The sum of ages of father and son is 48 years. The quotient obtained by dividing the age of the son by
the age of the father is . Find their ages and verify the answer.

Solution: Suppose age of father = x years

Age of son = (48  x) years
According to question,

 5(48  x) = x
 240  5x = x
 5x  x = 240
 6x = 240
x=

x = 40
 father’s age = 40 years

and son’s age = (48  40) = 8 years

Verification : , which satisfies the condition given in question.

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Exercise 2:œ
(i) A number consists of two digits. The digit in ten’s place exceeds the digit in unit’s place by 2. The
difference of the digits is of the number. Find the number.

(ii) The denominator of a fraction is 1 more than its numerator. If 15 is subtracted from both the
numerator and denominator, the fraction becomes . Find the fraction.

(iii) A steamer going down stream in a river, covers the distance between two towns in 20 hours.
Coming back upstream, it covers this distance in 25 hours. The speed of water is 4 km/h. Find the
distance between two towns.
(iv) The perimeter of a rectangle is 240 cm. If its length is decreased by 10% and breadth is
increased by 20%, we get the same perimeter. Find the length and breadth of the rectangle.
(v) The angle A of a triangle ABC is equal to the sum of the other two angles. Also, the ratio of the
angle B to the angle C is 2 : 3. Determine the three angles.

CARTESIAN COORDINATE SYSTEM

Rectangular coordinate axes

Let XOX and YOY be two mutually perpendicular

lines through any point O in the plane of the paper.
This point O is known as the origin. The line XOX is
called the x-axis or the axis of X, the line YOY is
called the y-axis or axis of Y and the two lines taken
together are called the coordinate axes or the axes
of coordinates.
Now we choose a convenient unit of length and
starting from the origin O as zero, mark off a number
scale on horizontal line XOX, positive to right of
origin O and negative to the left of origin O. Similarly
we mark off the same scale on vertical line YOY,
positive upwards and negative downwards of the
origin O.

Cartesian coordinates of a point

Let XOX and YOY be the coordinate axes and let P be any point in the plane. We draw perpendiculars
PM and PN from P on x and y- axis respectively. The length of the directed line segment OM in the units
of scale chosen is called the x-coordinate or abscissa of point P. Similarly, the length of the directed line
segment ON on the same scale is called the y-coordinate or ordinate of point P.

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Let OM = PN = x and ON = PM = y.
Then the position of the point P in the plane is
represented by the ordered pair (x, y), which is
known as the coordinate of P.
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The system of coordinating an ordered pair (x, y) with every point in a plane is called Rectangular
Cartesian system.
Thus, corresponding to every point P in the Euclidean plane, there is a unique ordered pair (x, y) of real
numbers called its Cartesian co-ordinates. Conversely, when we are given an ordered pair (x, y) and a
Cartesian coordinate system we can determine a point in the plane having its coordinates
(x, y).
The coordinates of the origin are taken as (0, 0). The coordinates of any point on x-axis are of the form (x,
0) and the coordinates of any point on y-axis are of the form (0, y). Thus if the abscissa of a point is zero,
it will lie some where on the y-axis and if its ordinate is zero, it will lie on x-axis.

Quadrants

Let XOX and YOY be the coordinate axis. These

axes divide the plane into four parts, known as the
quadrants. The regions XOY, XOY, XOY and YOX
are known as the first, second, third and fourth
quadrants respectively.
OX and OX are taken as positive and negative
directions respectively of x-axis and similarly OY and
OY are taken as the positive and negative directions
respectively of y-axis.

The following table gives the sign scheme of x and y-coordinates of a point according to its location in
different quadrants.

Location of point Sign of x-coordinate Sign of y-coordinate Sign of (x, y)

I quadrant + + (+, +)
II quadrant – + (–, +)
III quadrant – – (–, –)
IV quadrant + – (+, –)

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Plotting of points on graph paper

The process of marking a point with the help of given coordinates is known as plotting of a point. The
squared paper, also known as the graph paper is used for this purpose. First of all, we draw two
perpendicular lines
XOX and YOY. These are taken as the axes
of coordinates on the graph paper.
Now, suppose we have to plot the point
(4, 5). We start by counting 4 divisions on the
x-axis to the right of O and then 5 divisions
upwards i.e. along y-axis and mark the point
so obtained. This point is denoted by P. If we
draw lines parallel to XO and YO from P
meeting them in N and M, then PM = 5 units
and PN = 4 units.
Hence P is the point (4, 5), which lies in Ist
quadrant. Now, we plot the point (–4, 5). Since
its abscissa is negative and ordinate positive it
lies in IInd quadrant. Therefore we count 4
divisions to the left of O and then 5 divisions
upwards and mark the point so obtained. This
is the point (–4, 5).
Similarly, to plot a point (–4, –5), which lies in IIIrd quadrant, we move 4 divisions to the left of O and then
5 divisions downwards i.e. in negative direction of y-axis and mark the point obtained. This is the point (–
4, –5).

Lastly we plot a point (4, –5). First we count divisions on the right of O and on x-axis and then
5 divisions downwards and mark the point. This is the point (4, –5), which lies in the IVth quadrant.

C Illustration 5:
In which quadrants do the following points lie?

(i) (3, –7) (ii) (–1, –9) (iii) (iv)

Solution: (i) In the point (3, –7), we have x > 0, y < 0. So it lies in IVth quadrant.
(ii) In the point (–1, –9), both x and y coordinates are negative. Therefore it lies in IIIrd
quadrant.

(iii) The point lies in Ist quadrant, since both x and y coordinates are positive.

(iv) The point lies in IInd quadrant.

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C Illustration 6:
On which axis do the following points lie?

(i) (–4, 0) (ii) (iii) (7, 0) (iv) (0, 9)

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Solution: (i) Since the ordinate of point (–4, 0) is 0, it lies on x-axis.

(ii) Since the point whose abscissa is 0 lies on y-axis, so the point lies on y-

axis.
(iii) The point (7, 0) lies on x-axis.
(iv) The point (0, 9) lies on y-axis.

Exercise 3:œ
(i) Name the quadrant in which the point lies:

(a) (–1, 5) (b) (– , 1) (c) (d)

(ii) On which axes do the following points lie?

(a) (b) (0, ) (c) (d)

(iii) Plot the points A (2, 4), B (–4, 4), C (–4, –2) and D (2, –2) and join AB, BC, CD and DA. What
figure do you obtain?

Linear equation in two variables

Linear equation in two variables is that equation in which two unknowns (variables) each with degree one
occur. Thus equation of the form ax + by + c = 0, where a  0, b  0 is known as a linear equation in two
variables x and y.

For example 3x + 4y + 5 = 0, 2x – 7y = –3, –2p + 6q = 11 are linear equations in two variables but the
equations 3x + 5 = 0, 8x2 + 5y = 4, x + y3 – 4 = 0 are not linear equation in two variables. If in the equation
ax + by + c = 0, one of ‘a’ and ‘b’ be zero and other non-zero, the equation reduces to
ax + c = 0 or by + c = 0 which are linear equations in one variable.

Solution of a linear equation in two variables

A pair of values, one for x and the other for y that satisfy the linear equation are known as a solution of
the equation.

For example, x = 1, y = 5 is a solution of the equation 2x + 3y = 17, because when we put them in the
equation LHS = 2  1 + 3  5 = 17 = RHS and hence satisfy the equation.
The solution to the given equation can be written as an ordered pair (x, y) is (1, 5).
But x = 2, y = 3 is not solution of the above equation, because for these values LHS = 2  2 + 3  3 = 13
 RHS.

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However, the solution x = 1, y = 5 is not unique. We see that x = 4, y = 3 is also a solution of this
equation. Moreover, we assign any value x, the equation reduces to a linear equation in y which gives
value of y corresponding to the chosen value of x. These values taken together give a solution of the
equation. In this way, we can get infinitely many solutions of this equation.
Thus we conclude that a linear equation in two variables has infinitely many solutions.

C Illustration 7:
Find three different solutions of 5x + 3y = 4.

Solution: Taking x = –1, the given equation reduces to

–5 + 3y = 4  3y = 9  y = =3

 x = –1, y = 3 is a solution of the given equation.

Taking x = 2, the given equation reduces to
10 + 3y = 4  3y = –6  y = –2
 x = 2, y = –2 is a solution of the given equation.
Again taking x = 5, the given equation reduces to
25 + 3y = 4  3y = –21  y = –7
 x = 5, y = –7 is a solution of the given equation.
Thus we get three solutions of the given equation are (1, 3), (2, 2) and (5, 7).

Note: Two convenient solutions of a linear equation in two variables can be obtained by putting
x = 0 and y = 0 alternately.
C Illustration 8:
Find the three solutions of the equation 2(x – 3) + 3(y + 4) = 12.

Solution: Taking x = 0, we have

2(–3) + 3(y + 4) = 12
 6 + 3y = 0  3y = 6  y = 2.
 x = 0, y = 2 is a solution of the given equation.
Now, taking y = 0, we get
2(x – 3) + 3(4) = 12
 2x  6 = 0  2x = 6  x = 3.
 x = 3, y = 0 is a solution of the given equation.
Taking x = –3, we have
2(–3 –3) + 3(y + 4) = 12  –12 + 3y + 12 = 12
 3y = 12  y = 4
 x = –3, y = 4 is a solution of the given equation.

C Illustration 9:
Find the value of ‘a’ so that the equation 3ax + 2ay = 21 may have x = 1, y = 2 as a solution.

Solution: Since x = 1, y = 2 is a solution of the given equation 3ax + 2ay = 21 and hence it should
satisfy the equation.
 3a(1) + 2a(2) = 21
 3a + 4a = 21  7a = 21  a = 3.
Exercise 4:œ
(i) Find atleast 3 solutions for each of the following equations:

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(a) 2x – 3y = 3 (b) 4(x – 1) + 5(y + 3) = 31

(ii) Find the value of ‘a’ so that each of the following equations may have x = –2, y = 3 as a solution
(a) 2ax + 3ay = 5 (b) 3ax – 4ay – 36 = 0

Graph of a linear equation in two variables 51

To draw a graph of a linear equation in two variables we find some solutions (points) which satisfy the
given equation. These points are plotted on graph paper and then joined them so as to get a straight line.
Coordinates of any point (x, y) on this line will give a solution of this equation. Hence there are infinite
solutions of a linear equation in two variables.

C Illustration 10:
Draw the graph of 2x – 3y + 11 = 0.

Solution: We have the following table of values for the points (x, y) satisfying the given equation.
x –4 –1 2
y 1 3 5

We take two mutually perpendicular lines XOX and

YOY as the axes of coordinates and O as origin.
Now, we plot the points A(–4, 1), B(–1, 3) and
C(2, 5) and join them so that we get a straight line l as
the graph of this equation.

Different cases
Let us consider the linear equation ax + by + c = 0.
Case I: When a = 0 and c = 0 but b  0, then we get by = 0
or y = 0.
If we consider y = 0 as equation in two variables x and y in
which coefficient of x is zero, then the points (–2, 0), (–1,
0), (0, 0), (1, 0), (2, 0), (3, 0) satisfy this equation. These all
lie on x-axis.
Thus the graph of y = 0 is the x-axis.

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Case II: When a  0, b = 0 and c = 0 the equation reduces

to x = 0.
The points (0, –1), (0, –2), ….., (0, 1), (0, 2), …. satisfy this
equation but these are points on y-axis. Hence graph of x =
0 is the y-axis.

Case III: When a = 0, b  0 and c  0 then the equation becomes by + c = 0  y = – = k (say)

Now y = k is a linear equation in two variables in which x does not occur. Clearly, points (0, k),
(1, k), ….., (–1, k), (–2, k), …. satisfy this equation y = k.
Thus the graph of y = k is a straight line parallel to x-axis at a distance of k units from x-axis. If k > 0, the
line will be above x-axis and if k < 0, the line will be below x-axis.

Case IV: When a  0, b = 0 and c  0 then the equation becomes ax + c = 0 or x = – = m (say).

This equation x = m is satisfied by the points (m, 0), (m, 1), ….., (m, –1), (m, –2), …..
Thus we get the graph of x = m as a straight line parallel to the y-axis at a distance of m units. If
m > 0, the line will be right to the y-axis and if m < 0, the line will be left to the y-axis.

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Case V: When a  0, b  0 and c = 0 the equation ax + by + c = 0 reduces to ax + by = 0.

The point (0, 0) satisfies this equation. Hence this is a straight line passing through the origin.

C Illustration 11:
Draw the graph of the following functions:
(i) x = –5 (ii) 3y + 6 = 0 51

Solution: (i) The given equation x = –5 can be written as x + 0 . y = –5, i.e. it does not contain
y,
Table for x = –5
x –5 –5 –5
y 0 1 2

Therefore, the point (–5, 0), (–5, 1), (–5, 2) satisfy the given equation. Plotting these
points on graph and joining them, we get a straight line parallel to y-axis at a distance 5
units from it to its left.

(ii) The given equation is 3y + 6 = 0  y = – = –2.

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The points (0, –2), (1, –2), (2, –2) lie on the graph of y = –2. Plotting these points and
joining them, we get its graph as a straight line parallel to x-axis as shown in figure.

Exercise 5:œ
(i) Draw the graph of each of the following equations:
(a) 4x + 3y = 13 (b) 2x – 3y = 3
(ii) Draw the graphs of 2x + 8 = 0 and 3y – 6 = 0. Do these lines intersect. What relationship do you
observe between these lines?

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Exercise – 1:
(i). (a), (c), (d)
51
(ii) (a). 12 (b). (c). –3 (d).

Exercise – 2:
(i). 64 (ii) (iii) 800 km (iv) 80 cm, 40 cm (v) 36°, 54°¸90°

Exercise  3:
(i) (a). IInd (b). IInd (c). IIIrd (d). Ist
(ii) (a). x-axis (b). y-axis (c). x-axis (d). y-axis
(iii). a square

Exercise – 4:
(i) (a). (0, 1) ; (3, 1) ; (1.5, 0)
(b). (0, 4) ; (5, 0) ; (10, 4)

(ii) (a). 1 (b). –2

Exercise – 5:

(i)(a). (b).

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(ii). Lines intersect at (–4, 2) and are

perpendicular to each other.

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Quadrants
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Let us consider the linear equation ax + by + c = 0.

Case I: When a = 0 and c = 0 but b ¹ 0, then we get by = 0 or y = 0.

Case II: When a ¹ 0, b = 0 and c = 0 the equation reduces to x = 0.

Case III: When a = 0, b ¹ 0 and c ¹ 0 then the equation becomes by + c = 0 Þ y = – = k (say)

Case IV: When a ¹ 0, b = 0 and c ¹ 0 then the equation becomes ax + c = 0 or x = – = m (say).

Case V: When a ¹ 0, b ¹ 0 and c = 0 the equation ax + by + c = 0 reduces to ax + by = 0.

The point (0, 0) satisfies this equation. Hence this is a straight line passing through the origin.

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SUBJECTIVE

Section – A

Problem 1. Plot the points A (5, 2), B (–1, 2), C (–1, –3) and D (5, –3) and join AB, BC, CD and DA.
What figure do you obtain?

Solution: We plot the given points on the

graph paper.
Clearly, AB = 5 + 1 = 6 units
BC = 2 + 3 = 5 units
CD = 1 + 5 = 6 units
and DA = 3 + 2 = 5 units.
 AB = CD and AD = BC. Also
since AD and BC both are
perpendicular to x-axis, AD || BC.
Similarly, AB || CD.
 ABCD is a rectangle.

Problem 2. Plot the points A (3, –5) and B (–3, –5) and join the lines OA, OB and BA. What figure do
you obtain?

Solution: We plot the point A (3, –5), which lies in IV

quadrant and point B (–3, –5), which lies in
III quadrant. Then we join OA, OB and BA
so that we get a triangle OAB.
Also OA =
= unit
and OB =
= unit
 OAB is an isosceles triangle.

Problem 3. Find the four solutions of the equation 3(x – 2) – 4(2 – 3y) = 10.

Solution: The given equation is 3(x – 2) – 4(2 – 3y) = 10

 3x – 6 – 8 + 12y = 10
 3x + 12y = 24
 x + 4y = 8
taking x = 0, we get 4y = 8 y = 2
 x = 0, y = 2 is a solution.

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taking x = 4, we get
4 + 4y = 8
 4y = 4  y = 1
 x = 4, y = 1 is a solution.
taking x = –4, we get 51
–4 + 4y = 8  4y = 12  y = 3
 x = –4, y = 3 is also a solution.
taking x = 8, we get
8 + 4y = 8  4y = 0  y = 0
 x = 8, y = 0 is a solution.
Thus we get four solution of the given equation.

Problem 4. Find the solutions of the form x = a, y = 0 and x = 0, y = b for each of the following pair of
equations. Do they have any common such solutions.
(i) 4x + 6y = 24 and 3x + 2y = 18
(ii) 7x + 6y = 42 and y – x = 7

Solution: (i) In the equation 4x + 6y = 24, we put x = 0, we get

6y = 24  y = 4
and when we put y = 0, we get
4x = 24  x = 6.
 (0, 4) and (6, 0) are the solutions of the equation 4x + 6y = 24
Again, in the equation 3x + 2y = 18, when we put x = 0, we get
2y = 18  y = 9
and by putting y = 0, we get 3x = 18 x = 6
 (0, 9) and (6, 0) are solutions of 3x + 2y = 18
 the common solution is (6, 0).

(ii) In the equation 7x + 6y = 42

putting x = 0, we get 6y = 42  y = 7
and by putting y = 0, we get
7x = 42  x = 6.
 Solutions of 7x + 6y = 42 are (0, 7) and (6, 0).
Again by putting x = 0 in y – x = 7, we get y = 7
and by putting y = 0, we get x = –7
 solution of y – x = 0 are (0, 7) and (–7, 0).
Therefore, the common solution is (0, 7).

Problem 5. Draw the graph of the following linear equations:

(i) 3x – 7 = x + 1
(ii) 2(x – 1) + (y – 2x) = 6

Solution: (i) We have 3x – 7 = x + 1

 3x – x = 1 + 7  2x = 8  x = 4.
Clearly, it does not contain y so its graph is a line parallel to y-axis passing through the
point (4, 0). Also x = 4 means that for all values of the ordinate y, the abscissa x is 4.

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Thus we have the following table for the coordinates of the points on the line represented
by the given equation:
x 4 4
Y 0 3

Plotting the points (4, 0) and (4, 3) on the

graph paper and drawing a line passing
through these points, we obtain the line
represented by the given equation as
shown in the figure.

(ii) The given equation is 2x – 2 + y – 2x = 6  y = 8.

The equation y = 8 means that for all values of abscissa x, the ordinate y is 8. Thus we
have the following table for the coordinates of the points lying on this line
x 0 2
y 8 8
Plotting the points (0, 8) and (2, 8) and drawing a
line passing through these points, we obtain the
graph of the line represented by the given
equation.
Clearly, graph of this equation is a line parallel to
x-axis passing through the point (0, 8) as shown
in figure.

Problem 6. Draw the graph of the function y = 3x + 4. From the graph read off:
(i) the value of y, when x = –1 (ii) the value of x, when y = 7.

Solution: We have y = 3x + 4
when x = 0, y = 4
when y = –2, x = –2
Thus, we have the following table
x 0 –2
y 4 –2

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Plotting the points (0, 4) and (–2, –2) on the

graph paper and joining them, we get the
straight line as shown in figure. This line is
the required graph of the equation y = 3x + 4.
To find the value of y when x = –1, we draw a 51
line parallel to y-axis and passing through (–
1, 0). This line meets the graph of y = 3x + 4
at a point from which we draw a line parallel
to x-axis which crosses y-axis at y = 1.
 the value of y at (x = –1) = 1.
Again, to find the value of x, when y = 7, we
draw a line parallel to x–axis passing through
(0, 7). This line meets the graph at a point
from which we draw a line parallel to y-axis
which crosses x-axis at x = 1.
 The value of x (at y = 7) = 1.

Problem 7. Draw the graph of the equations 4x + 3y = 10 and 5x – 2y = 1 in the same graph and find
the coordinates of the point where the two lines intersect.

Solution: Graph of the equation: 4x + 3y = 10

we have 4x + 3y = 10
y=

when x = 4, y =

when x = –2, y = .

Thus, coordinates of points on the line are given by following table:

X 4 –2
Y –2 6

By plotting the points (4, –2) and (–2, 6) on the graph paper and drawing a line passing
through these points, we obtain the graph of the equation 4x + 3y = 10.
Graph of the equation: 5x – 2y = 1
we have 5x – 2y = 1
y=

Now, x = –1  y = –3 and x = 3  y = 7
Thus, coordinates of points on the line are given by following table:
X –1 3
Y –3 7

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By plotting the points (–1, –3) and

(3, 7) and joining them, we obtain the
graph of the equation 5x – 2y = 1.
Clearly, lines represented by the equations
4x + 3y = 10 and 5x – 2y = 1 intersect at
point P whose coordinates are (1, 2).

Problem 8. Draw the graph of the lines 2x – 3y = 4 and 6y = 4x + 3 using the same pair of axes. Are
these lines parallel?

Solution: Graph of the equation: 2x – 3y = 4

The following table gives values for the point (x, y) for the given equation:

x 2 –1 –4
y 0 –2 –4
we plot the points (2, 0), (–1, –2) and (–4, –4) to get the line AB as the graph of the given
equation.
Graph of the equation 6y = 4x + 3
The following table gives values for the point (x, y) for the given equation:
X 0 3 1.5
Y 0.5 2.5 1.5
Plotting the points (0, 0.5), (1.5,
1.5) and (3, 2.5) and joining them,
we get line CD as the graph of
equation 6y = 4x + 3.
From the graph, it is clear that
these lines AB and CD are
parallel.

Problem 9. Draw the graph of the equation 8x – 5y = 3x – 8y + 4 and check from its graph whether x
= –1, y = 3 is a solution.

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Solution: The given equation is

8x – 5y = 3x – 8y + 4  5x + 3y = 4
we have the following table of values for (x, y) for the given equation

x 2 5 –1
y –2 –7 3 51

We plot the points (2, –2),

(5, –7) and (–1, 3) to get the line
AB as the line graph of the given
equation.
Since the point (–1, 3) lies on the
graph therefore x = –1,
y = 3 is a solution of the given
equation.

Problem 10. Prove that the triangle whose vertices are (0, –3), (4, 0) and (–4, 0) is an isosceles
triangle.

Solution: We plot the point A (0, –3), B (4, 0) and C (–

4, 0) on the graph paper and join AB, BC
and CA.
DABC is the triangle formed by these lines.
Now, AB2 = OA2 + OB2 = 32 + 42 = 25
\ AB = 5 units
Also AC2 = OA2 + OC2 = 32 + 42 = 25
\ AC = 5 units.
Since AB = AC, the triangle ABC is an
isosceles triangle.

Problem 11. The sum of the speeds of a boat in still water and the speed of currant is 10 km/h. If the
boat takes 40% of the time to travel down stream when corupared to the upstream, then
find the difference of the speeds of the boat when traveling upstream and down stream.

Solution: Distance traveled in upstream d = (VB – VC)  t …(i)

Distance traveled in down stream d = (VB + VC) 

d = (VB + VC) 

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d = 10 

d = 4t …(ii)
form (i) and (ii)
VB – VC = 4
(VB + VC) – (VB – VC)
= 10 – 4 = 6 km/h

Problem 12. A told to B, ‘when I was as old as you are now, then your age was four years less than
half of my present age’. If the sum of the present age of A and B is 61 years. What is B’s
present age?.

Solution: Let the present age of A and B be x and y years respectively.

Then A was in the age of B before (x – y) years.
y – (x – y) =

2y – x =

3x – 4y = 8 …(i)
and x + y = 61 …(ii)
solving (i) and (ii) we get
x = 36 years, y = 25 years

Problem 13. Swaroop can row 16 km down stream and 8km up stream in 6 hours. He can row 6 km
up stream and 24 km downstream in 6 hours. Find the speed of Swaroop in still water.

Solution: …(i)

=6 …(ii)

Let VB + VC =

And VB – VC =
16x + 8y = 6 …(iii)
24x + 6y = 6 …(iv)
Now, 16x + 8y = 24x + 6y
2y = 8x
y = 4x
from (iii)
16x + 8  4x = 6
48x = 6
x=

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y=

now, VB + VC = 8
VB – Vc = 2
2VB = 10
51
VB = 5 km/h

Problem 14. If the ordered pair (sin, cos) satisfy the system of equations mx + ny + a + b = a – b
and nx + my + 2b = 0, then find the value of  where 0   . 90°(m  n).

Solution: mx + ny + (a + b) = a – b …(i)
nx + my + 2b = 0 …(ii)
From (i) – (ii)
(m – n)x – (m – n)y = 0
(m – n)(x – y) = 0
x=y
 sin = cos
  = 45°

Section –B

Problem 1. A box contains some red and some yellow balls. If one red ball is removed, one seventh
of the remaining balls would be red; if one yellow ball is removed, one-sixth of the
remaining balls would be red. If n denotes the total number of balls in the box, then find
the sum of the digits of n.

Solution: =r–1

Þ r + y – 1 = 7r – 7
and r + y – 1 = 6r
solving, we get r = 7, y = 36
\ r + y = 43
Þ sum of digits = 7

Problem 2. A hare see a hound 100m away from her and runs off in the opposite direction at a speed
of 12 km an hour. A minute later the hound perceives her and gives a chase at a speed
of 16 km an hour. The distance at which the hound catches the hare (in meters).

Solution: Let Hound catch the Hare at point C. If Hound takes t minute to reach at C.
Then to reach the point C Hare will take (t + 1) min
Since Hare runs one minute earlier than Hound.

AC – BC = 100

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16  t – 12 =

t= H

distance D = 16  km

= 16  (m)

= 1200 m

Problem 3. A two digit number is obtained by either multiplying the sum of its digit by 8 and adding 1
or by multiplying the difference of its digits by 13 and adding 2. Find the number.

Solution: let the number is xy

Then 10x + y = 8(x + y) + 1
2x – 7y = 1 …(i)
10x + y = 13(x – y) + 2
– 3x + 14y = 2 …(ii)
Solving we get
x=4
y=1
hence number is 41.

Problem 4. Suppose x and y are positive real numbers such that ,

. Find (x + y).

Solution: x +y = 183 …(i)

x = 182 …(ii)
let =aa =x 2

 b2 = y
From (i)
a3 + b3 = 183 …(iii)
2 2
a b + b a = 182 …(iv)
(a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3a2b + 3ab2
= 183 + 3  182
= 183 + 546
a+b= =9
from (iv) ab(a + b) = 182
ab =

a2 + b2 = (a + b)2 – 2ab
= 92 – 2 

= 81 –

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a2 + b2 =

or x + y =

 = 73 51

Problem 5. Two regular polygons of different number of sides are taken. In one of them, its sides are
coloured red and diagonals are coloured green; in the other, sides are coloured green
and diagonals are coloured red. Suppose there are 103 red lines and 80 green lines. Find
the total number of sides in both polygons.

Solution: Let there be n sides in first polygon and m sides in second. Thus, there are

diagonals in first and in second.

Given:

and = 80

Þ 2n + m2 – 3m = 206
2m + n2 – 3n = 160
Subtracting and simplifying, we get
(m – n)(m + n – 5) = 46
Since m and n are natural number,
Case I: m + n – 5 = 46
m–n=1
Þ m = 26
n = 25
does not satisfy
Case II: m + n – 5 = 23
m–n=2
Þ m = 15
n = 13
satisfies given equations.
Therefore, m + n = 28

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OBJECTIVE

Level – I

Multiple Choice Questions (Single Option Correct)

Problem 1. The value of a so that x = –1, y = 3 is a solution of equation 5(x – a) + a(y + 6) = 7 is
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4

Solution: (C). Since x = –1, y = 3 is a solution of the given equation, these values will satisfy the
equation.
Putting x = –1 and y = 3 in the equation, we get
5(–1 – a) + a(3 + 6) = 7
Þ –5 – 5a + 3a + 6a = 7
Þ 4a = 7 + 5 = 12 Þ a = 3.

Problem 2. The area of triangle whose vertices are the points (–2, 0), (2, 0) and (4, 3) is
(A) 4 sq. units (B) 5 sq. units
(C) 6 sq. units (D) 7 sq. units

Solution: (C). We plot the points (2, 0), (–2, 0) and (4, 3)
with reference to the coordinate axes in the
plane.
Now, we have to find the area of the triangle
ABC.
The length of base BC = OB + OC
= 2 + 2 = 4 units.
And its height = 3 units.
\ Area of DABC = ´ base ´ height

= 6 sq. units.

Problem 3. The orthocentre of the triangle formed by the lines x = 0, y = 0 and x + y = 2 is

(A) (0, 0) (B) (0, 1)
(C) (0, 2) (D) (2, 0)

Solution: (A). Given lines are x = 0 i.e. y-axis, y = 0 i.e. x-axis

and x + y = 2 which cuts x-axis at A (2, 0) and
y-axis at B(0, 2). Thus the required triangle is OAB
whose orthocentre has to be found. Now, DOAB is
a right angled triangle and so its orthocentre is the
point of intersection of the perpendicular sides.
Hence O (0, 0) is the orthocentre of the triangle.

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Problem 4. The area of the quadrilateral formed by the lines |x| + |y| = 1 is
(A) 1 sq. unit (B) sq. units
(C) 2 sq. units (D) sq. units

Solution: (C). Given lines are 51

x + y = 1, when x > 0, y > 0
x – y = 1, when x > 0, y < 0
–x + y = 1, when x < 0, y > 0
–x – y = 1, when x < 0, y < 0
Now we draw the graph of these four lines.
The line x + y = 1 meets the axes at
points A (1, 0) and B (0, 1). We take the
part of this line AB lying in I quadrant.
Similarly, we get other lines BC, CD and
DA. Thus we get the quadrilateral
ABCD, which is a rhombus since its
diagonals AC and BD are perpendicular
to each other.
Each diagonal of this rhombus = 2 units.
 Area of ABCD =  product of

diagonals
= 2 sq. units.

Problem 5. The area of the trapezium formed by the lines x = 0, x = 2, y = 4 and x + y = 2 is

(A) 6 sq. units (B) 8 sq. units
(C) 10 sq. units (D) 12 sq. units

Solution: (A). We take XOX and YOY as x and y-axes respectively.

Now, the line x = 0 is the y-axis. The line x = 2 is the line AD parallel to y-axis at distance
2 units from y-axis. The line y = 4 is the line CD which is parallel to x-axis at distance 4
units from x-axis. The line x + y = 2 is the line AB which meets x-axis at A (2, 0) and
y-axis at B (0, 2).
Thus we get a trapezium ABCD formed by these
lines. Clearly BC = 2 units, AD = 4 units and CD
= 2 units.
 Area of trapezium ABCD = (BC + AD)  CD

= (2 + 4)  2 =  6  2 = 6 sq. units.

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Problem 6. The value of p in the equation is

(A) 7 (B) 8
(C) 9 (D) none of these

Solution: (B).

 9p  18 + 2p + 20 = 90
 11p = 88  p = 88/11 = 8.

Problem 7. If ax + by + c = 0 and are identical, then a : b : c is

(A) (B)
(C) (D) none of these

Solution: (C). Since ax + by + c = 0 and are identical.

So, a : b : c = a:b:c=1:2: .

(Fill in the Blanks)

Problem 8. For two linear equations a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, then condition that they
have infinite number of solution is ___________.

Solution:

For infinite number of solutions

The condition is

Problem 9. The graph of equations of lines 3x + 4y = 1 and 6x + 8y = 5 are _____________.

Solution: Parallel line

Applying the condition

Which is

Hence the lines are parallel.

Problem 10. The graph of lines 2x + 5y = 4 and x + 3y = 3. Intersect in the quadrant _________.

Solution: Second quadrant

2x + 5y = 4 …(i)
x + 3y = 3 …(ii)
applying (i) – (ii)  2
we get y = 2
from equation (ii)
x=3–32
=3–6

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 51

Solution is = – 3
(– 3, 2) which lie in second quadrant.

(True or False)
Problem 11. The graph of an equation in the form ax + by = c is a circle.
51
Solution: (False)
ax + by = c
is a linear equation whose degree is 1. It represent a straight line.

Problem 12. The lines x + y = 3 and 2x + 2y = 6 intersect at unique point.

Solution: (False)
x+y=3
2x + 2y = 6

Applying condition

We get

It represents infinite number of solutions.

Problem 13. The condition for unique solution of equations a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 is

Solution: (True)

For unique solution the condition is

Level – II

Problem 1. Check which one is a solution of equation yx = 1

(A) (1, 0) (B)

(C) (D)

Solution: (D). xy = 1 Þ y = 1/x

Any point satisfies equation xy = 1 can be taken as or .

Problem 2. Choose the correct equation

from the choices given below for
the given alongside
(A) y = 2x + 1
(B) y = x + 2
(C) y = x + 3
(D) none of these

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Solution: (B). The points on the graph are (1, 3), (-2, 0), (0, 2)
For point (1, 3) : 3 = 1 + 2 Þ 3 = 3
For point (-2, 0) 0 = -2 + 2 Þ 0 = 0
For point (0, 2) 2=0+2 Þ2=2
\ The equation is y = x + 2.

Problem 3. y = kx, k is constant. If it passes through (-1, 6), then the value of k is
(A) - 6 (B) 6
(C) 5 (D) none of these
Solution: (A). y = kx passes through (-1, 6)
6 = -k, 1 Þ k = -6.

Problem 4. n is a natural number. The square root of the sum of the square of n and 19 is equal to
the next natural number to n. The value of n is
(A) 3 (B) 7
(C) 9 (D) 2

Solution: (C).
n2 + 19 (n + 1)2
n2 + 19 = n2 + 2n + 1
n=9

Level – III

Problem 1. The product of two positive integers is twice their sum, the product is also equal to six
times the difference between the two integers. The sum of these integers is
(A) 6 (B) 7
(C) 8 (D) 9
Solution: (D). a  b = 2(a + b) = 6(a – b)
 2a + 2b = 6a – 6b
8b = 4a
a = 2b
again a  b = 2(a + b)
2b2 = 2(3b)
b=3
a=6
a+b=9

Problem 2. The length and breadth of a rectangular field are integers. The area is numerically 9 more
than the perimeter. The perimeter is
(A) 24 (B) 32
(C) 36 (D) 40
Solution: (C). a  b = 9 + 2(a + b)
ab – 2a – 2b = 9
a(b – 2) – 2b + 4 = 9 + 4

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a(b – 2) – 2(b – 2) = 13
(a – 2)(b – 2) = 13  1
 a – 2 = 13, b – 2 = 1
a = 15, b = 3
 perimeter = 2(a + b) 51
= 2(15 + 3)
= 36

Problem 3. If x and y satisfy the equations . The

value of x2 + y2 is
(A) 2 (B) 16
(C) 25 (D) 41

Solution: (D). …(i)

…(ii)

From (i)  (ii)

=x+y–x+y

8 = 2y
y=4

Now,

Squaring both side

again squaring

x=5
 x2 + y2 = 25 + 16 = 41

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Problem 4. Consider the equation . The least positive a for which the solution x to the

equation is a positive integer is

(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4

Solution: (B).

x=

for a = 2
x = 6 (integer)

Problem 5. a is a natural number such that a has exactly two divisors and (a + 1) has exactly three
divisors. The number of divisors of (a + 2) is
(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4

Solution: (B). a has exactly 2 divisors

 a must be a prime number
Let a = 3
 a + 1 = 4 its three divisors are, 1, 2, 4 number of divisors of a + 2 = 5 is 2

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 For a given point P, the abscissa and ordinate are the distances of the point P from y-axis and x-
51
axis respectively. Thus, coordinates of any point on x-axis are of the form (x, 0) and coordinates
of the form (0, y) lie on y-axis.

 The solution of lines of the form x = a and y = b is the point (a, b).

 A line of the form x = a is perpendicular to x-axis and a line of the form y = b is perpendicular to y-
axis.
 A line of the form x  y = 0 passes through origin making an angle of 45° with x-axis.

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1. Draw the graphs of each of the following linear equations:

(i) 2y + 3 = 9
(ii) 2x + 4 = 3x + 1

2. On comparing the ratios and , without drawing them, find out whether the lines

representing the following pairs of linear equation intersect at a point, are parallel or coincide:
(i) 5x – 4y + 8 = 0
7x + 6y – 9 = 0
(ii) 9x + 3y + 12 = 0
18x + 6y + 24= 0
(iii) 6x – 3y + 10 = 0
2x – y + 9 = 0

3. Solve graphically the given system of linear equations, also find the coordinates of the points
where the lines meet axis of y.
2x – 5y + 4 = 0
2x + y – 8 = 0

4. Solve the following systems of equations by using the method of substitution:

(i) x + 2y = – 1
2x – 3y = 12
(ii)

5. The denominator of a fraction is 4 more than twice the numerator. When both the numerator and
the denominator are decreased by 6, then the denominator becomes 12 times the numerator.
Determine the fraction.

6. A mother said to her son, “The sum of our present ages is twice my age 12 years ago and nine
years hence, the sum of our ages will be thrice my age 14 years ago". What is her son’s present
age?

7. Find the value(s) of k for which the system of equation kx – y = 2, 6x – 2y = 3 has

(i) a unique solution
(ii) no solution

8. Ten years ago, father was twelve times as old as his son and ten years hence, he will be twice as
old as his son. Find their present age.

9. Solve: and

10. Shriya has certain number of 25 paise and 50 paise coins in her purse. If the total number of
coins is 35 and their value is Rs 15.50, Find the number of coins of each denomination.

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11. An examination consist of 100 questions. Two mark are awarded for every correct option. If one
mark is deducted for every wrong option and half mark is deducted for every question left, then a
person scores 135. Instead, if half mark is deducted for every wrong option and one mark
deducted for every question left, then the person scores 133. Find the number of questions left
unattempted by the person.
51
12. Sanjana travels 660 km, partly by train and partly by car. If she covers 300km by train and the
rest by car, it takes 13.5 hrs. But if she travels 360km by train and rest by car, she takes 30
minutes longer. Find the time taken by sanjana if she travels 600 km by car (in hours)

13. The average weight of the students of a class is 60kg. If eight new students of average weight 64
kg join the class, the average weight of the entire class becomes 62 kg. How many students were
there in the class initially?

14. A three digit number abc is 459 more than the sum of its digits. What is the sum of the 2 digit
number ab and one digit number a?

15. Solve: and

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SUBJECTIVE

Section – A

1. Find the value of ‘a’ so that x = –3, y = 2 is a solution of the equation 4ax + 9(2 + ay) = 0.

2. Find the four solutions of the equation 3(x + 2y) – (x + y) + 13 = 0.

3. Plot the points A (0, 2), B (–3, 2), C (–3, 5) and D (0, 5) and join AB, BC, CD and DA. What figure
do you obtain?

4. Draw a rectangle whose sides are represented by the straight lines x = –1, x = 5, y = 2 and
y = –3.

5. Write the equations of the sides of the rectangle given below:

6. Draw the graph of the following equations using the same pair of axes:
(i) y = 3x + 5 (ii) 3x – y = 7
Are these lines parallel?

7. Draw the graphs of x + y = 3 and 3x – 2y = 4. Also find the coordinates of the points where the
two lines intersect.

8. Express y in terms of x, it being given that 2x – 3y + 11 = 0. Check whether the point (–4, 1) lies
on the line represented by the equation 2x – 3y + 11 = 0.

9. Draw a graph of the equation 7x + 2y = 3. From the graph read off :

(i) the value of y, when x = 3. (ii) the value of x, when y = 12.

10. Draw the graphs of 3x + 7 = 0 and 2y – 3 = 0. Do these lines intersect? What relation do you
observe between these lines?

11. If x is the number of hours a labourer is on work and y is his wages in rupees, then
y = 5x + 3. Draw the work-wages graph. From the graph, find the wages of a labourer who puts in
3 hours of work.

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12. Work done by an object is given by product of force applied on it and its displacement. Form a
linear equation if force applied is 7 units. Find work done if displacement is
(a) 4 units (b) 5 units.

13. A square is formed by the straight lines x = 2, x = 6, y = 5, y = 9. A circle is inscribed in it. Find the
51
centre of the circle.

14. Prove that x = ,y= is a solution of the equation bx – ay = b2.

15. Show that x = m + l, y = m + l is a solution of the equation

(x + y)(m2 + l2) = 2(m3 + l3) + ml(x + y).

16. If the point (k, k2) lies on the graph of the equation x + y = 6, then find the value / values of k.

17. Draw the graphs of y = 2x and y = 2x in the same graph and then find the coordinates of the
point where the two lines intersect.

18. Find the value of a so that x = 2 and y = 10 is a solution of the equation y  ax = 0.

19. Draw a graph of the equation x2 + y2  2xy = 0.

20. Solve the following linear equation and represent the solution in each case :
(i) on number line (ii) the Cartesian plane
(a) 3y + 4 = 9  2y (b) 7y + 5 = 6y + 18

21. Draw the graph of the linear equation x + 3y = 4.

(i) From the line drawn for the given equation, take two points and show that these points satisfy
the given equation.
(ii) Take two points from outside of the graph (line drawn) and show that three points do not
satisfy the given equation.
22. Yamini and Fatima, two students of class IX of a school, together contributed Rs. 100 towards the
Prime Minister’s relief fund to help the earth-quake victims. Write a linear equation which this data
satisfies. Draw the graph of the same.

23. If the point (2k  3, k + 2) lies on the graph of the equation 2x + 3y + 15 = 0, find the value
of k.

24. Plot two points (3, 2) and (2, 4) on the same graph paper. Draw a line passing through both the
points.
(i) How many more lines can you draw passing through both of the given points ?
(ii) What do you conclude ?

25. For a clarity, the sum of the contributions made by Rajesh and Naina is Rs. 75 ; write an
equation which satisfies the given data. Draw the graph of the equation obtained.

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Section – B

1. The sum of the present ages of A, B and C is 90 years. Six years ago, their ages were in the ratio
1 : 2 : 3. What is the present age of C?

2. Plot the points A (3, 0), B (2, 2), C (–2, 2) and D (–3, 0) and join AB, BC, CD and DA. What figure
do you obtain? What is the area of this figure?

3. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are (5, 0), (–7, 0) and (6, 4).

4. A line is drawn through the point (2, 3) and (4, 6). If the line is extended to a point whose abscissa
is 0, then find the ordinate of that point.

5. If C and F denote the temperature in Celsius and Fahrenheit scale, the relation 9C = 5(F – 32)
always hold. Draw the graph of this relation. From the graph, find the value of F,
when C = 20.

6. Find the area of quadrilateral formed by the lines 2|x| + 3|y| = 6.

7. Find the area of the triangle formed by the lines x = 3, y = 2 and 3x + 4y = 29.

8. Find the circumference of the circle which circumscribes the square formed by the lines
x = 2, x = –2, y = 2, y = –2.

9. Find the orthocentre of the triangle formed by the lines x = 2, y = 5 and x + y = 6.

10. Check whether x = ,y=– is a solution of the equation ax + by = a2.

11. Prove that the triangle formed by the lines y = 0, 4x + 3y = 12 and 4x – 3y + 12 = 0 is an

isosceles triangle.

12. Find the area of triangle formed by line x + y = 1 and the coordinate axes.

13. Draw the graph of the equation y  2x = 4. Comment on:

(i) x = 0, y = 4 is a solution of the equation
(ii) x = 1, y = 5 is a solution of the equation
(iii) (4, 4) lies on the graph of the equation
(iv) area of the triangle formed by the line (y  2x = 4) and coordinate axes.

14. If lies on the equation 2x  3y = 1, then find the value of k.

15. If lies on the equation 2ax + 4y = 2, then find the values of b.

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16. The cost of 6 cows are same as cost of 8 goats. If cost of 9 cows and twice numbered goats is Rs
9000, then find the cost of 3 cows and 6 goats ?

17. A and B are two cities 100 km apart. From these two cities two cars start moving in same
direction and they meet after 5 hours. If they moved towards each other then they would meet
51
after 1 hour. What were the speeds of the cars ?

18. Mohan bought 5 cd’s and 7 dvd’s in 100 Rs. Make a linear equation corresponding to given data
and find 3 different solution.

19. Number of males in a town is 45 more than 2 times of number of females. Form a linear equation.
Draw it in the graph paper. If number of males are 2465, then find the number of females in the
town.

20. Draw the graph of .

21. Is the point A(0, 0) lie on the graph 199(x+y) = 1 ?

22. Draw the graph of 2x + y = 7 and then write any two solutions.

23. The age of a man and his son is x and y. The sum of their ages is 64. Form an equation in two
variables and draw graphically.

24. The sum of the present ages of A and B is 50 and the difference is 20, find their ages.

25. For the first two kilometers, the fare of a taxi is Rs. 25 and for the subsequent distance it is Rs. 10
per km. Taking the distance covered as x km and total fare as Rs y, write a linear equation for this
information. Also, draw a graph for the equation formed. Use the graph drawn to find the fare of a
distance of 6 km.

26. Write down the equation of the lines AB, CD, EF and GH.

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Section – C
Numerical Based Questions (Single Digit Answer 0 to 9)

1. Find a number such that if 5, 15 and 35 are added to it, the product of the first and third results
may be equal to the square of the second.

2. The product of four distinct positive integers a, b, c, d is 8!. The number also satisfy ab + a + b + 1
= 323 and bc + b + c + 1 = 399. Then find the value of d.

3. The semi-perimeter of a triangle exceeds each of its side by 4, 3 and 2 respectively. What is the
semi-perimeter of the triangle?

4. A two-digit number is seven times the sum of its digit. The number formed by reversing the digits
is 6 more than half of the original numbers. Find the difference of the digits of the given number.

5. If x = and y = then find the value of x + y – .

Other than Numerical Based Questions

6. John ordered 4 pairs of black socks and some additional pairs of blue socks. The price of the
black socks per pair was twice that of the blue. When the order was filled, it was found that the
number of pairs of the two colours had been inter changed. This increased the bill by 50%. What
was the ratio of the number of pairs of black socks to the number of pairs of blue socks in the
original order.

7. Seema wants to invest Rs. 20000 in two types of bonds. She earns 12% on the first type and
15% on the second type. Find her investment in each case if her total earning is Rs 2850.

8. The middle digit of a number between 100 and 1000 is zero, and the sum of the other digits is 11.
When the digit is reversed, the number so formed exceeds the original number by 495. Find the
number.

9. The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 8. If 18 is added to the number, then the resultant
number is equal to the number obtained by reversing the digits of the original number. Find the
original number.

10. If , then find the value of .

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OBJECTIVE

Level – I
Multiple Choice Questions (Single Option Correct)
51
1. The line represented by the equation 3x – 4y = 12 cuts x-axis at the point
(A) (0, 3) (B) (3, 0)
(C) (4, 0) (D) (–4, 0)

2. The line represented by the equation 4x + 5y – 20 = 0 cuts y-axis at the point

(A) (0, –5) (B) (0, –4)
(C) (0, 4) (D) (0, 5)

3. Which of the following point lies on the line represented by 2x + 7y = 19?

(A) (–1, 3) (B) (1, –3)
(C) (–3, 5) (D) (5, 2)

4. The line 9x + 2 = 0 is a line which is parallel to

(A) x-axis (B) y-axis
(C) line 2x + 3y = 0 (D) none of these

5. The value of a for which x = 2, y = –1 is a solution of the equation 3ax + 5ay = 2 is

(A) –2 (B) 3
(C) –1 (D) 2

6. The abscissa of a point lying on y – 2x = 3 is –3. Then its ordinate will be

(A) –3 (B) –2
(C) 2 (D) –1

7. The points (–2, 0), and (3, 0) lie on

(A) y-axis (B) x-axis

(C) line parallel to y-axis (D) line 3x – 9 = 0

8. The distance of point (–3, 4) from origin is

(A) 3 units (B) 4 units
(C) 5 units (D) 2 units

9. The lines 4x + 6 = 0 and x = – are

(A) parallel (B) perpendicular

(C) meet at origin (D) none of these

10. The lines 2(x + 3) = 3(x + 9) and y(a + 1) = 2(y – 5) are

(A) parallel (B) perpendicular
(C) both parallel to x-axis (D) both parallel to y-axis

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11. The graph of y = –9 is a line parallel to

(A) x-axis (B) y-axis
(C) x = – 9 (D) none of these

12. An equation of the type ax + by + c = 0, where a  0, b  0, c = 0 represents a line which passes

through
(A) (2, 4) (B) (0, 0)
(C) (3, 2) (D) none of these

13. The line 5x + 3y = 15 cuts x-axis at the point

(A) (– 3, 0) (B) (3, 0)
(C) (0, 5) (D) (0, – 5)

14. The graph of 2x + 1 = 0 and 3y – 9 = 0 intersect at the point

(A) (1/2, –3) (B) (–1/2, –3)
(C) (–1/2, 3) (D) none of these

15. If a = 0, b  0, c  0 the line ax + by + c = 0 represent a line parallel to

(A) x-axis (B) y-axis
(C) x + y = 0 (D) none of these

16. The area of the triangle formed by x + y = 10 and the coordinate axis is
(A) 50 sq. unit (B) 25 sq. unit
(C) 40 sq. unit (D) none of these

17. The distance between x =  20 is

(A) 20 (B) 30
(C) 40 (D) none of these

18. Ram’s age is thrice of Shib’s age. After 10 years Shib’s age will be half of Ram’s age, then
difference of their ages is
(A) 5 (B) 10
(C) 15 (D) 20

19. 5x + y = 19 and 3x + 4y = 42, then x =

(A) 1 (B) 2
(C) 3 (D) 4

20. 3x + 7y = 61 and 11x + y = 51, then (y  x) =

(A) 3 (B) 4
(C) 5 (D) 6

21. 9x + 4y = 82 find the value of 'k' in x2 + y2 = k when x = 2?

(A) 240 (B) 260
(C) 236 (D) 256

22. The area of triangle formed by 2x + y = 100, x-axis y-axis is

(A) 2200 sq unit (B) 2300 sq unit
(C) 2500 sq unit (D) 2400 sq unit

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(Fill in the Blanks)

23. The area of the triangle formed by x + y = 2 and the co-ordinate axis is __________ .

24. The distance between x = ± 10 is __________ .

51

25. the graph of x – 2y = 5 and x = – 1 intersect at the point __________ .

(True or False)

26. The line 4x – 5y + 20 = 0 cuts the y-axis at eh point (0, 4).

27. The value of a for which x = 0.5 and y = 0 is a solution of the equation is 2.

28. The points (1, 5), (2, 3), (– 1, a) are collinear.

(Match the Following)

29. Match the following:

Column - I Column - II
(A) The line 9x + 4 = 0 is parallel to (p) 5 units
(B) The line on which the ordinate of every point is (q) y-axis
O.
(C) The distance of point(– 3, – 4) from the origin is (r) x-axis
(D) The lines x + y = ± 1 (s) parallel

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Level – II
Multiple Choice Questions (Single Option Correct)

1. In crossing a distance of 30 km. A takes 2 hrs more than B. If A doubles his speed, he would
have taken 1 hr less than B. Then their speeds are
(A) 5 km/hr and 7.5 km/hr (B) 5.5 km/hr and 7.5 km/hr
(C) 4.5 km/hr and 5.5 km/hr (D) none of these

2. A boat goes upstream 30 km and downstream 44 km in 10 hours. It also goes upstream

40 km and downstream 55 km in 13 hours. Then the speed of stream and that of boat are
(A) 5 km/hr and 3 km/hr (B) 8 km/hr and 3.5 km/hr
(C) 8 km/hr and 3 km/hr (D) none of these

3. The two lines y = mx and y = 2mx intersect at the point

(A) (m, 2m) (B) (2m, m)
(C) (0, 0) (D) none of these

4. The value of x in is

(A) 0 (B)

(C) (D) 

5. The graph of x + 2y = 5 and x = 1 intersect at the point

(A) (1, 2) (B) (2, 1)
(C) (1, 0) (D) none of these

6. The graph of x + y = 1 intersect at y-axis at

(A) (0, 0) (B) (1, 0)
(C) (0, 1) (D) none of these

7. The graph of x + y =  1 are

(A) intersecting (B) perpendicular
(C) parallel (D) none of these

8. The point , m > 0 lies on

(A) 1st quadrant (B) 2nd quadrant

(C) 3rd quadrant (D) 4th quadrant

Multiple Choice Questions (Multiple Options Correct)

9. The sum of two numbers is 15. If the sum of their reciprocal is , then the numbers are

(A) 8 (B) 10
(C) 7 (D) 5

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10. Which ordered pair is a solution of the equation – 3x – y = 6?

(A) (– 3, 3) (B) (– 4, 6)
(C) (– 4, 4) (D) (– 1, 9)

11. Equation of line passing through the point (– 2, 3) are 51

(A) x + y = 1 (B) 2x + 3y = 5
(C) 6x + y = 7 (D) –x + 5y = 17

12. The solution of the equation x2 + y2 = 5 are

(A) (1, 2) (B) (– 1, 2)
(C) (3, 5) (D) (– 1, – 2)

13. The solution of the equation are

(A) 1 (B) – 1
(C) 4 (D) 5

14. If ab = x and which of the following are equal to (a + b)4?

(A) x2(xy + 2)2 (B) (x + 2y)2

(C) (xy)2 (D) x2y2(x + 2)2

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Level – III

1. On solving equation, , the value of x we obtain is

(A) 17 (B) 18
(C) 19 (D) 20

2. On solving equation, , the value of x we obtain is

(A) (B)

(C) 5 (D) 9

3. The product of a number and 72 exceeds the product of the number and 27 by 360. The number
is:
(A) 12 (B) 7
(C) 8 (D) 11

4. In a group of goats and hens, the total number of legs is 12 more than twice the total number of
heads. The number of goats is:
(A) 8 (B) 6
(C) 2 (D) none of these

5. If (1, 4) is the point of intersection of the lines 2x + by = 6 and 3y = 8 + ax, then the value of
a – b is
(A) 2 (B) 3
(C) 4 (D) – 3

6. Cost of 5 pens and 7 note books is Rs 82 and cost of 4 pens and 4 note books is Rs 52. Then the
cost of 2 note books and 3 pens is:
(A) Rs 34.50 (B) Rs 30.50
(C) Rs 32. 50 (D) Rs 36.50

7. If (a + b, a – b) is the solution of the equations 3x + 2y = 20 and 4x – 5y = 42, then the value of b

is:
(A) 8 (B) – 2
(C) – 4 (D) 5

8. The fair of 3 full tickets and 2 half tickets is Rs 204 and the fair of 2 full tickets and 3 half tickets is
Rs 186. Then the fair of a full ticket and a half ticket is:
(A) Rs 94 (B) Rs 78
(C) Rs 86 (D) Rs 62

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9. If we add 1 to the numerator and subtract 1 from the denominator a fraction becomes 1. It also
becomes if we add 1 to the denominator. Then the sum of the numerator and denominator of

the fraction is:

(A) 7 (B) 8
51
(C) 2 (D) 11

10. If then x – y is equal to:

(A) 1 (B) 3
(C) 2 (D) 0

11. The sum of two numbers is 14 and their difference is 2, find the numbers.
(A) (9, 5) (B) (8, 6)
(C) (7, 3) (D) (12, 3)

12. If 11 is subtracted from one-fourth of a certain number the difference is equal to 1 more than one-
sixth of that number, find the number?
(A) 100 (B) 169
(C) 144 (D) 256

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CHAPTER PRACTICE PROBLEMS

1. (i)

(ii)

2. (i) intersecting lines

(ii) coincident lines
(iii) parallel lines
3. x = 3, y = 2; (0, 4/5), (0, 8)
4. (i) x = 3, y = – 2
(ii) x = 2a, y = – 2b
5. required fraction = 6. 12 years
7. (i) if k ¹ 3
(ii) if k = 3
8. present age of father = 34 years and the present age of son = 12 years
9. speed of stream = 2 km/hr.
10. number of students in the class = 60

9. x= ,y=

10. 25 paise coins = 8

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50 paise coins = 27
11. 14 12. 10
13. 8 14. 51
15. x = a3, y = b 3

ASSIGNMENT 51
SUBJECTIVE

Section – A

1. a = –3

2. (1, 3) ; (4, 1) ; (6, 5) ; (9, 1)

3. A square 4.

5. x = –1 ; x = 3 ; y = 3 ; y = –2

6. The lines are parallel. 7. Two lines intersect at (2, 1).

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8. y= ; (–4, 1) lies on the line represented by the equation 2x – 3y + 11 = 0.

9. When x = 3, y = –9 10. The lines intersect. The lines are

when y = 12, x = –3. perpendicular to each other.

11. Rs. 18. 12. (a) 28 J (b) 35 J 13. (4, 7)

16. 2, -3 17. (0, 0) 18. a = 5
22. x + y = 100 23. k=–

24. (i) No, more lines (ii) For any two given points, one and only one line can be drawn
25. x + y = 75

Section – B
1. 42 years.

2. A trapezium
area = 10

3. Area of the triangle = 24

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4. when abscissa = 0, ordinate = 0

5. When C = 20, F = 68

51

6. Area = 12

7. Area = 6 8. circumference = 4 
9. (2, 5) 10. Yes it is a solution.

12. unit sq. 13. (i) yes (ii) no (iii) yes (iv) 4 sq units

14. 2 / 19 15. b=0

16. Rs 3000 17. 60 km/h and 40 km/h
18. (13, 5), (6, 10), (3, 85/7) 19. 1210
21. yes 22. (3, 1), (0, 7)
23. x + y = 64 24. 35, 15
25. y = 10x + 5
26. AB : y = 4, CD : y = 2 ; EF : x = 5 ; GH : x = 4

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Section – C

Numerical Based Questions (Single Digit Answer 0 to 9)

1. 5 2. 7 3. 9

4. 4 5. 6
Other than Numerical Based Questions

6. 1:4 7. Rs. 5000, Rs. 15000 8. 308

9. 35 10. 2

OBJECTIVE

Level – I
Multiple Choice Questions (Single Option Correct)

1. C 2. C 3. A
4. B 5. D 6. A
7. B 8. C 9. D
10. B 11. A 12. B
13. B 14. C 15. A
16. A 17. C 18. D
19. B 20. A 21. B
22. C
(Fill in the Blanks)

23. 2 sq. units 24. 20 units 25. (– 1, – 3)

(True or False)

26. False 27. True 28. True

(Match the Following)

29. (A) ® (q) (B) ® (r) (C) ® (p) (D) ® (s)

Level – II
Multiple Choice Questions (Single Option Correct)

1. A 2. C 3. C
4. D 5. A 6. C
7. C 8. B

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Multiple Choice Questions (Multiple Options Correct)

9. B, D 10. A, B 11. A, B, D
12. A, B, D 13. B, C 14. A, C
51
Level – III

1. C 2. B 3. C
4. B 5. B 6. B
7. D 8. B 9. B
10. B 11. B 12. C

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