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Normal Distribution

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5 views

Normal Distribution

Uploaded by

amethystemerald4
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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NORMAL DISTRIBUTION 100 adult males, measures their heights,

and constructs a histogram. In that case,


3.1 Basic Concept the researcher gets a graph similar to the
The normal or Gaussian distribution is one shown here.
a continuous probability distribution that
describes data clustering around a mean.
The graph of the associated probability
density function is bell-shaped, with a
peak at the mean, and is known as the
Gaussian function or bell curve.

The normal curve was developed


mathematically in 1733 by Abraham de
Moivre (1667-1954) to approximate the
binomial distribution. His paper was not Now if the investigator increases the
discovered until 1924 by Karl Pearson sample size and decreases the width of
(1857-1936). the classes, the histogram will look like
this.

Pierre-Simon Laplace (1749-1827)


used the normal curve in 1783 to
describe the distribution of errors.
Subsequently, Carl Friedrich Gauss
(1777-1855) used the normal curve to
analyze astronomical data in 1809.

The normal curve is often called the


Gaussian distribution. This bell-shaped
curve, the normal distribution can be
used to describe any variable that tends
to cluster around the mean.

For example, suppose a research


investigator selects a random sample of
Lastly, if it were possible to measure the 6. The normal curve is asymptotic, it
heights of all adults in the Philippines, the never touches the x-axis.
histogram would come close to what is
called a normal distribution, just like in the
bell curve shown.

x-axis

7. The total area under the normal


distribution curve is 1.00 or 100%

3.2 Properties of Normal Distribution

A normal distribution is a continuous,


symmetric, bell-shaped distribution of a
variable. The known characteristics of
the normal curve make it possible to 8. The area under the part of a
estimate the probability of occurrence of normal curve that lies within 1
any value of a normally distributed standard deviation of the mean,
variable. about 68%; within 2 standard
deviations, about 95%; and with 3
standard deviations, about 99.7%.
The properties of the normal distribution
are as follows:
1. The distribution is bell-shaped.
2. The mean, median, and mode are
equal and are located at the
center of the distribution.
3. The normal distribution is
unimodal.
4. The normal distribution curve is
symmetric about the mean.
5. The normal distribution is
continuous. 3.3 Standard Normal Distribution
A normal distribution can be converted determine the probability that x lies in
into a standard normal distribution by each interval convert the interval to a z
obtaining the z value. The z value is the scale and then compute the probability
signed distance between a selected by using the standard normal distribution
value, designated x, and the mean, µ, table.
divided by the standard deviation. It is
Example 1. Find the area under the
also called z scores, the z statistics, the
standard normal distribution curve
standard normal deviation, or the
standard normal values.

Standard normal value formula:

between z = 0 and z = 1.85.


Where:

z = z value

x = the value of any observation or


measurement

µ = the mean of the distribution

σ = standard deviation of the distribution

The normal distribution property allows


computing a probability problem
concerning x into one concerning z. To
determine the probability that x lies in
each interval convert the interval to a z
scale and then compute the probability
by using the standard distribution table.

The normal distribution property allows


computing a probability problem
concerning x into one concerning z. To
Example 3. Find the area under the
Example 2. Find the area under the
standard normal distribution curve to the
standard normal distribution curve
right of z = 1.52.
between z = 0 and z = -1.15.

The required area is the right tail of the


normal curve. From the table, P(0 < z <
1.52) = 0.4357

The normal distribution curve is symmetric


about the mean.
The total area under the normal
distribution curve is 1.00 or 100%.

COMPLIMENT!

Since the total area under the normal


distribution is 1.0000, then half of the
curve is 0.5000
From the table, P(0 < z < 1.52) = 0.4357

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