UNT

ELECTRICAL MACHINES
Electrical machines awe broadh Cadegariged indo tuuo ypes
viz. eneiator and Mator.
The device whic canvaks mechanical enegy into
electsical en js krown 08 geneiador and dhe device
wick Cconvease elecbuical enag indo mechanica. enu
s koun g8 moor .

Mechanical Genewabr lecbieal Elechsicd

Ene
Genexabr nevq Eneugy
Ene
MtorMeqnical

SuesDiscugs he conadruchenal tenhue of DC rochire (17-19)

AnbConetruchion of Dc mokine The canatruchieral feshua
o D geneuaor or
moder is eom A cs-secknof De mackire is shoth
belo

Ste Poles
yokei

Commutator Field winding

Podeshoe
Armaturee Field
(laminated)
supply

Carbon
Artature brush
winding
 oke X i s he outeymast COve ot dc machine
mochine
buadect he inne auts of dc
frerm aunrful amgsbheuic cendiios like moistuuwe,
frem
dysr, fumes etc
uDvides mecAanical sast do o.les
*At veluctorce. tor magnetic
t also buonide a path of Jou

Matesuial uRed t must be made. up of gome magnesi

ast iren s ysed.
matelial For dou
yahinq mackines
silicen shill
For Jage machines rolled steel, cast steel,
ae ue peumiabäihy,dous rdueronce
Poles he aue devids in t pauts
P o l e Core
2 Tole shoe
t
cauies he feld whdirg wheh s necegsay
do uoduce he F l u
of oles ave enlauged so hot masie
masue
T h e avea
aumahune bast Cemes undey he Hux &t is know
Qs ale shoe
Matrevial ueed Mae up of mogneic moateuial
Jike cayt iren "oi coxt- steel
Fiel Aircdig irth aa definrte
uth detinte
*9+ ig Wounde
on the. fale core

t h DCsupbly
diecten S+ 6 ecited
CUtent due to akich fole core. betaves
+ Caury
cauy
magnet. + js algo kroun Q8 eXiting
Q an electro
Hirding
 6J

Material, ue As it tos to casH culentr so made u

of ome. cenducing maleuial Jike
aduminium and coppey
Aumatruuwe tis divded in to t bosuks
Armotune Core
2 Armot ure sirding
()Arobue Core St is clirdsical in see mounted
on skatt t 9s slots en its
peeriptey t Rouss the asimahuwe indirg 1e aurmatuwe
ConductorB tols ide dou redctarce. ah
for the lux
Mateial uee Mogrebc mateial Jike cost iren and
silran Stel. St i mode u ef Jomiraled
canatrucr1en do keeb eddy craent Jow
2) Armahuswe airding ncthing but he inteicennechie
ofhe.awmolove. cenductaws, ploce
on diaEn -difeent slots.
So em geneiahen dokes poce in he aumauwe uindirg
in Cge oF geheuator
An COe cf moto i caw Cert to bloy the. he
SHale of CUHen c a y cenductay

Mateial ued Copeu

ueLA Commutator is Red in D.C mochine ?
Aing
Ang Cammundor he basic nahuwe et induces
em in the aumaue cenductor je
altermating This needs
Hechhed in CAe otDDt gerenator, hich j
4o be J4ecthed
Faza ble b a dece called gmmufator
$ coe. et metor cemmunlor igused to auodue. unidiuechieal torque
Mateuiol lsed gt ig made up ct coppe 29 eng thege
Begments ae inahted frem each othe
by thin Joyeu mica

Brushee 9ond Collect the

t moka it avaloble to he stohienaoyN cuHen frem Cemmutaor

eteunal ck
Mabenials a Made u e estt conduc-ing maderial. JikL
Caupon
tybes ef Aumatuse.
ugs LAkar ave 4he vauioues
Aircirg?
Aps bes of aumahuse uinding
his+ye et uiding cenhezhien
Lop Airding his 06. inding socegs,
ouekap eaaiotheu
4ill sBauting psint eathelagaih
For Lab Airding
No o paakel.poth,A
No of bdes,P
ie AP
igh uNert cayig
of pauallel poth indicate
OL ho cuent ord Jo
Hence it is ed tor hih
cabciy
yaing madhines
valtage
z/4
OO00-
OO000
O0000
OO000-
Lap winding for 4pole
motor
Flg. Lap winding
 B. Tech I Year [Subject Name: Electrical Engineeringsl
LMave. iding Sn hjs tye et Connecien, uiding|
aluways ravels aheod avoidirg
ove lapbingt trovels Jike HOQMesve Ove rce
called kave Airding
For ave irding
No o pauallelpath , A Alns 2

ie A=2
ot powalled bath is Jes8 thenefore h te
No igh
Of cennechieh is ugd for don cwxet ard
valtm Jahrg machines

O0000

US
Pg.Wave
Pouttve
carbon bruh
z/2
Wave windlng
Negactve
carbon bruad

inding eurminodog16

A) Conducor t js achual O8ofue conductor NA

6urde the intiluence e mogneic
field+is laced in umahe slat.
( Tuin Tuo conductps ploced in diffeset shs
wn conneched togethe, formys a tuun.

SO No of corductor z- 2% No ot husips
ues Digcugs the working psAinciple of DC genexator
Anes Working Minciple ot DC genenator AlL He
gpneHador orks en the auinciple" of faraday s dav
Accordirgto faod's Jauten eveu these
18 relahve motionbeheen rgrehc ield ard conductor,
unet
g rduced in the canductor CDynamicalb
ge
induced et).

Sofor guneuatim opo4ahen, He need thsee ins vie.

Kalotivemothion behen to
Moynetic field (i) Conduchor ()
e can uge þenanrmagnt
T yoduse g nadic -ied
or electro mog CAle ore 2 fidd uirdig
For Corductor, many Condustorr ae tommed gehey
om anctheyet 4 ndirg hh is nothing
bur a marne whdin9
eitheu corductor
F e r relbtive mohen beheen them or' *he ietd
is rodoh Ond fiek. is srirasy
is rotair d Corductor

Bur in De enevdor
Aumchuwe uirdirg CCorductor
cduoe paceen seter (en srakt nich tg
chuoys
free rotae ).
Qevevahor CAJteunator
we oke conducon
gn Ac
Storien as ard field JAotahira ie t e Airdi
Airdiy
en uotor this me
laced
So wen 0Uadune. corducor S4otabes in amaghtic tidd,
tay dintast toitmHhe corductor CAumaduve airdirgj
dargHence acsordiny to. Fauodey's dou emt qet irduced
 irdirg
in the aumotue
he divechign ef iauced emt will be. deleurminad ith
h e l ot Flening Kigt Hand Rule
ef indied emt js bogisally alternahing et
The ratuwe.
Convesrted inb Dc Ath he l of Cemmdtori
ig

Nole A DC geneuor Hitlodt cammutabr kHi! becsme

Ac genuaor CAHeurabr).
J
Gys Deuwe he emt uasen ø DC qunestbr
EMF quaheh ef D qenetor -

(2018-19, 20H-18,2o13-14)

let P No ot pales
in wb.
F l u x pHoduced by *h pole
N Speed ot amehure in rpm.
Z Todal No.f Avmahu Conductors
A No of panale patho
A P for dop irdirg
A 2 for ave. irding
NoW he
he avege value of e'mt irdu in each aumaturd
Coducoris
e-Robe of cuthing the fluy =d4 ldt
Noa congidess one revolutien ot Conducbor. n ore reauthen
Cerducor Hil Cut Jatal flux odued by all
the poles ie oxp. kile dime requeto cemplete.
revoluhien is 60/N secords Qs
one
Sperd is Nrp.m.
e NP
60
This is the emt.
emt. induced in ane Corductor. No
le have
Z No e conductor Aith ef paunllel both. &o
With
e ave cerducos in sexes in c
pauallel oth
Total emt. irdued
Eg = NP -ZNP
GoA

Sus An 8 sle Jap wound D enekator *os y5o

CBNakuwe auups. S oas at o-02 Ab fux
beu pole Ond sus a a
Icrp-m a no doad fird
the emt irduced by
t 2018-19)
Saluhon Cniven Pe8 ,A=8, No ef tuing =450
0 0 2 Hb ,N =lo00 rp.m
No No ef cCorductod 2x hg ef tus
Z = 2x4S0 2 9oo

NoH Eg ONZP 6-42X900uo00XB

60A G0X8
E 300 alke
Aps
ef De guneucTor.
SysDis cugS VoJs dyþeB
Hhes of Dc genenatorDeberding upen he
metod ef ecitatienh
citatsh
, the. DC gerexaor aue cloaified gs.
excited genayaorshauahe DC spbh
1 Sebauakely yaddto ecir
he ield Airdir
 di Subject Name: Electrical Engineering
g
No
R-VILl00 l0o IL =
Tsh IaT
IL = 1A

and Ish- = 2 4 {Ra VLoAD

So
Noy

Ta=3A
Ard
Eg VtIafa+ 2
= lo0t 3X01+2X1

Eg102 3v
Ans
Bues A 25 ku, 250 V, De Lhun gensator hos dAmdue
and -field sezistance ef o-06J 41o0 sespectiveb. Dets1mne
the datall astmatuwe PoLse delged.(2014-18 'odd)
SolueianGniven A-25N Ssh *

VL 250V, Ka= O0s 0,IFleo

Nou, P VI>Soxloao =290IL
I 200A
25ov

s 2 -25A
1 +IA 200+2S
No4, To =

Lo 2025A

Ard Eg V+Tokg 2s0 +2025 XO06

262 1SV
NoW auhnohuve boue, 8=Eg Io=E62-15*22-5
achuro
a-53 08EA Ans
 6J

2 Self exctedThe genexahed voltoqe set ig sd

Sctel the fied wirding ot he
gome DC genenator
So deperdling on to field irdivg cennecte
to the awrorwe self exeited gurkabys ae Tuste
divided inb falloin
i) DC sAunt genexabor
enewaorr
ly DC SeviA

D e shunt geneuator
Tsh

LoAD P
Rh
DC shurt gertador
frem e dieguam:
Ta=T+I
Ard

Nou opby KVL in he m e s CLaod si)

-Eq+Lak++2% =0

=Vi +Th + 2
Lkeve Vb is the valtoge du acuag8 enh buu
 TNalle DIetrtCal Dilglneer

Nou if e neqlect he voltog4e. daop acngs buke

thn
Ard
Fouwey devdsped by aumatwe = = EqIa

Pouei delivese tb the dead == MA

DC Sai heneuctor TKse

Frem ig To
R VLOAD
Ard
|-Eg+Laka +Isese++2N, =0
. + a CKa#Rea)t+2 DC Saies Caenenator
Noy if e negles he.buhon then
E-44 CROFR
Pbuey devebhed in Amehuse =P=
bneu Jood--V
delivened to the
uith Jap eonnecked
ues A 4-Ale shut geneuator
awmahuwe sveBistace
aumabue toe fieldard
of so l ond o-ul xespechiveb supbly FoL dto loo
doad tor 100V. caleulahe he aumakuwe cuAET
lam Censiden ctuc doup
and e genuaded emt.
ba bush (2018-19 odd Sem)
ef 1v
-50N,R =0-1L, R =loo
Salutien Given P-4 ,A-4 KA
and 100 V, V IV/Bu
 Sues A4 ole DC shunt geneator ih wave conneted auai
- w os 41
slos qnd 12 cond ucJorsslot. Asunauxe
stonce ard shut Aed sesjztance ae 0.5J ard 200 S
Fx de 25 mlb skee N= lsoorpm Calculahe the
vallage dsuap a Coes tesminales The dood oe jsl
(2013-19
Soluatien Gien P=4 A=2, Z:41X12=492 N=lo6o rm
125 mlb = O12s HL, la=O5 l , Ra= 200 L
No
Eg ZNP 0-125X442xlooxt
6 o 1 2 5 X d a

60X2 Ra
2050 Volt
oLA dpely kUL in mes

0-STa+Ta-T) 20-205-
kvL in M me
+Talg +TLR -6
0.50 +la 20So
On sodving e Oard
Io-2045A,T=194 71A
No odioge doep aco4s the. teuminal
- 19411Xlo
1941- Ar
dueurte douin 4he hincale et oberahgn eD mador
(201-18
Worloreiae o DemedorThe boe pauineile behind
matoring ochen is tharthen a cuwwent cauying Conduclor ie
bloedin a magntbic fied,t i l expesiente. oroe'"
The magndide rCE Lvenby
F3IL
And the duechen ettorte on be debemined by ysing tlumin
lek Hond Kule
So or any motor, ue nud
) Magrebie feld(i) torducdbr () Suy to dise cauwetin
- Conductodr.

Simile to DC ganeuaor He ove. pole core and tield urdirg

do peduce monhic. field.
We tae aumahte wirdiy Aich ploy t swde of oduder|
NoA 4to ove. uwwen in eCorduekor we cnnec asumohuue
sp
So a doumohuuve conduchor aue lced in a oqnhc held
Ond a l s o CuLNe in i. Treuefore il
xpelience a torce
A A Conducor aue placedon e pHeipkun st auraure
Core, he indjodaal Josce epeience. b the oduwbor
aets as tuistiertig orte wick ie aled
srorqe
N N N

Farrce
FF a
hmdue
M i Flux Low
O Fh
darety area
area,

S S

Fig: Ca) Fip: 64) Fig:6e)

Nou conide 4 single conducor placed in a_monehic tied
soun in ha sa)
et us a83ume e diotecben ef cwlendr lotirg in he
conduchor js such 08 that it s going ingide he e y
oun by in ig. 6(t).
corducor Al also pssduce.
NoN his CUAekt COUNIN
Cn magnuic tield urd
it woe diuecien
Can be dereyined by usig igkt ord urmb Sule
). flux ard aumrwe
clock uise in the case(fig.cth fied
Now we ove Juo tlune inteac
ie
ith ch otheu and
flures
ux Theze t o
motor AU run
the hig. 6Cb) hatr on tha sujgkt
on 2trem
hese tNd tlnes enu in omt
cerductor,
eoch ohex
diuechen. These-bre aportir
conducor hee fdues
two Fues
Aile on he Jekt Bide f Jo cancde out
obpgathe do achcteA, Herce
ave
eacotheu.
oltstribuhen aNOUrd he corductor
D u e o his he Jlar
sbreckid sbbea qs soun in 4ig.6Cc)
achs ike
Ns atoroe i be crests an:condrbr
Now dueo bu fksx deneih
lux dene aeg do
ren igh R t do Le.
ea
Aromrom
o DC Ps
ues Ho e Al ange the. diuechen maor,
dkechen ef roduien ot be
To reveke he JeveMEd or the diuecio
Ang dinechen fied 4lam
eitheu
s sevELed.
cuweat or
oumabue
deuminas of kield Airdirg
So inteuctonging the diectien of rotion
b we cak
Me
sevne 4he
CBumahye uindirg
t Dc modor.
kes W js bock et? t r js dthe aigrihiconte et bock
ert (2016-17, 1s-16, 14-15, 13-14)

rck emt * In DC motor Gtrey motoring achen

CMmahuwe Srasuye Jodadirg ord aumahuwe condbr cubs
the moin x
achen algo. o hidh
De
So, 4hese exis geneahg
On e qes induced ind te aurnashuwe conduebs
*This induc et aluoys oppbses the spALvalbage
ler's laa, i calked bock emt
olbage
So according enmt auction bock, ennt isgiven by
E ZNP
GoA
Sigmiticonce of Bock EME The S mbalic sepresenrtoten
of mator and bock emt
je soun in tq
le com wNee

Due do bezerce et bock emt DC modor becomeg a ge

Segulatring9 mockine ie modor odjus iaef to daod he
Owmaftye cUwer ich js endo sie the Jbad
demand
EbocN
So uun Jaod incsuenke t, mator speed N duecsese ard due
to his Eb Nou te difenene (V-E ircweases.
hesehre. IiCieaseg .
 ot DG motor.
Deive the torque uakion (2619-20,
Sues 14-15) (2016-14)
Ars Torque equahen
le a e l having suadiys K mete
Cir cumfesenha brae =F Neaton
Spee of sorahian ot whed Nrpm=

Noy
C- 2TTn= 2WN uhee n-kel in rps
Nou the brk dore js given b
W Fxdjshonce Havelled in one revoluien = Fx2TTR
Ard
ouey developed, P- Llarkdone Fx2TR
Time
P FR2
.P=T Aeve =
No the osB meckanical ouen develegd b e aunaue. js

2aPoZ|OR Ta 01S1 Ja PAz|

Lot To
T
SHAFL
Ts
Arncune ShadTo
Torua

Lecture No: 36 Page-16