Scribd
Upload
17 views8 pages

Experiment 5

Uploaded by

s.yazid201
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
17 views8 pages

Experiment 5

Uploaded by

s.yazid201
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 8

GET 223: GENERAL ENGINEERING LAB 1 (APPLIED MECHANICS)

REPORT

TITLE: THE VERIFICATION OF THE LAW OF MOMENT USING


ROTATING DISC APPARATUS

EXPERIMENT NO: 5

PREPARED BY:
OLATUNJI KOREDE PEACE 20231337
SULEIMAN YAZID MUHAMMAD 20230009
OKOSUN JOSHUA 20231540
YUSUF LUKMAN MUHAMMED 20232500

DEPARTMENT: MECHATRONICS ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO: ENGINEER SHUAIBU USMAN ALLU

DATE: TUESDAY 17TH DECEMBER 2024


AIM:
To verify the law of moment using a rotating disc apparatus
OBJECTIVE:
Verify clockwise and anticlockwise moments on the rotating disc apparatus
THEORY:
The law of moments states that for a system in equilibrium, the sum of
the clockwise moments of a pivot is equal to the sum of the counter
clockwise moments about the same pivot. Mathematically, it can be
expressed as: Ʃ clockwise = Ʃ anticlockwise

Where T = F x d, with F being the force applied, and


d the perpendicular distance from the pivot.

ROTATING DISC APPARATUS


The rotating disc apparatus is used to experimentally verify this
principle by analysing the equilibrium of forces and moments applied to
a rotating disc or wheel. Theory

1. Moment of Force:
When a force is applied tangentially ally to a rotating disc at a certain
radius r, it creates a torque:
T= FXT
Torque causes rotational motion or contributes to rotational equilibrium,
depending on the system setup.

2. Equilibrium Condition: In this experiment, weights (or forces) are


suspended using strings from the rotating disc at varying radii. The
system is adjusted so that the disc remains stationary, indicating
rotational equilibrium. This means Ʃ (F1.r1) = Ʃ (F2.r2) where F1, F2 are
forces on either side of the pivot, and r1.r2 are their respective distances.
3. Verification: By varying the weights or adjusting their distances
from the pivot, you can experimentally determine whether the moments
balance. The calculated values are compared to theoretical predictions.

4. Rotational Inertia: If the disc is not perfectly balanced, frictional


forces or moments due to the disc's weight distribution may need to be
considered to refine the results.
Procedure
• Attach weights at known distances on either side of the disc.
• Adjust the weights or positions until the disc is stationary.
• Record the weights and their distances from the pivot.
• Calculate the clockwise and counterclockwise moments and verify their
equality.

Applications
• Understanding rotational mechanics.
• Design and analysis of systems involving rotational equilibrium (e.g.,
levers, seesaws, turbines).

Validation of the Law of Moments:


The experimental results demonstrate that the sum of the clockwise
moments equals the sum of the counterclockwise moments when the
system is in equilibrium. This confirms the validity of the law of
moments. Rotational Equilibrium:
The experiment shows that for a system to be in rotational equilibrium, the
torques on either side of the pivot must balance. This principle is critical in
understanding the behaviour of rotational systems.

APPARATUS:
1. 4.

MIRROR SCALE ADJUSTABLE SMALL


PULLEY

2. STEEL PANS 5. SLOTTED WEIGHTS

3. PLUMB LINE 6. WEIGHT BALANCE


PROCEDURE:
 Firstly, the rotating disc was placed at the centre point.
 Weights were then placed in two pans from the centre plumb. A and B.
Such that W1 is the weight of pan A, weights were then added.
 Weights were also added to pan B. Such that the weight of pan B is W2.
The weights W1 and W2 were noted.
 We also found the distance X1 and X2.
 (W1*X1) is equal to (W2*X2), that is both the clockwise and anticlockwise
moments will be equal.
 Different sets of readings were taken for both moments, and the value
was noted down.
 We then found the percentage error for moments that were not equal.
CALCULATIONS:
Weight of pan A WA: mg
1. M=50+27.35=77.35g
W=77.35 x 9.81= 758.8N
2. m=100+27.35=127.35g
W=127.35 x 9.81= 1249.3N
3. m=150+27.35=177.35g
W=177.35 x 9.81= 1739.8N
4. m=200+27.35 = 227.35g
W=227.35 x 9.81=2230.3N
5. m=250+27.35= 277.35g
W=277.35 x 9.81=2720.8N
Weight of pan B WB:mg
1. m=50+33.32=83.32g
W=83.32 x 9.81=817.37N
2. m=100+33.32=133.32g
W=133.32 x 9.81=1307.87N
3. m=150+33.32=183.32g
W=183.32 x 9.81=1798.37N
4. m=200+33.32=233.32g
W=233.32 x 9.81=2288.87N
5. m=250+33.32=283.32g
W=283.32 x 9.81=2779.37N
Percentage error: W2X2-W1X1
W2X2
1. 817.37 x 7.9 – 758.8 x 8.2 x 100=3.6%
817.37 x 7.9
2. 1307.87 x 8.8 – 1249.3 x 8.8 x 100=4.4%
1307.87 x 8.8
3. 1798.37 x 9.3 – 1739.8 x 9.2 x 100=4.3%
1798.37 x 9.3
4. 2288.87 x 10.2 – 2230.3 x 10 x 100=4.5%
2288.87 x 10.2
5. 2779.37 x 10.7 – 2720.8 x 10.5 x 100=3.9%
2779.37 x 10.7

RESULTS
S/N Weight of Weight of Distance Distance Percentage
pan + pan + from from error (%)
weight in weight in centre to centre to
pan(WA)N pan(WB)N pan pan
A,X1(m) B,X2(m)
1. 758.8 817.37 8.2 7.9 3.6
2. 1249.3 1307.87 8.8 8.8 4.4
3. 1739.8 1798.37 9.2 9.3 4.3
4. 2230.3 2288.87 10.4 10.2 4.5
5. 2720.8 2779.37 10.5 10.7 3.9

Practical Observations:
Minor deviations from theoretical results may arise due to factors like:
 Friction in the rotating disc mechanism.
 Measurement inaccuracies in forces or distances.
 Uneven weight distribution or imperfections in the apparatus.
ANALYSIS:
The experiment to verify the Law of Moment with the rotating disc apparatus
involves evaluating the principle that the sum of clockwise moments of a pivot
is equal to the sum of anticlockwise moments when the system is in
equilibrium. The analysis focuses on the torque balance condition, experimental
observations, and errors. The system was considered in equilibrium when the
disc remained stationary, verifying the torque balance condition. The
experimental results were tabulated with the applied forces and their respective
distances from the pivot. Calculated moments (force × perpendicular distance)
for both clockwise and anticlockwise directions were compared.

PRECAUTIONS:
1. We ensured that the rotating disc was kept on a flat surface
2. We ensured the adjusted mount on the rotating disc was tied properly
3. We avoided parallax errors in reading meter scale
4. We ensured the weight of the pan was properly measured using the weight
balance
5. We ensured the plumb line was at zero level
CONCLUSION:
The experiment confirms the law of moments by showing that the sum of
clockwise moments equals the sum of counterclockwise moments in
equilibrium, validating the principle of rotational balance.
Any minor discrepancies observed may be due to factors such as friction,
measurement errors, or imperfections in the apparatus. Overall, the results
align with the theoretical expectations.

REFERENCE:
MIRROR SCALE
Alamy. (n.d.). Mirror scale hi-res stock photography and images.
Retrieved from https://www.Alamy.com

TWO ADJUSTABLE SMALL PULLEYS


Alibaba. (n.d.). Wholesale adjustable pulley motor for easy power
transmission. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from
https://www.alibaba.com

STEEL PAN
Arihantlab. (n.d.). Weight pan. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from
https://www.arihantlab.com

SLOTTED WEIGHT
Mad About Science. (n.d.). Economy slotted weights set. Retrieved
December 1, 2024, from https://www.madaboutscience.com

PLUMB LINE
Arihantlab. (n.d.). Plumb line. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from
https://www.arihantlab.com

WEIGHT BALANCE
Amazon.com. (n.d.). GLEAVI 1 Set Physical Experiment
Equipment Scale Calibration. Retrieved December 1, 2024, from
https://www.amazon.com
R. C. Hibbeler, Engineering Mechanics: Statics and Dynamics, 14th ed. Upper
Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, 2015, pp. 98–110.

A. H. Wilson, “Torque and moment equilibrium: Applications in mechanical


engineering,” Mechanical Engineering Research Bulletin, vol. 12, pp. 34–39, Jan.
2019.

You might also like