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Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet

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197 views3 pages

Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet

Uploaded by

harshit05.awasthi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Class 12 Physics Formula Sheet (CBSE)

1. Electric Charges and Fields


- Coulomb's Law: F = k * (q1 * q2) / r^2

- Electric Field: E = F / q = k * Q / r^2

- Electric Dipole Moment: p = q * d

- Electric Field due to a Dipole (Axial): E_axial = (1 / (4 * pi * epsilon0)) * (2p / r^3)

- Electric Field due to a Dipole (Equatorial): E_equatorial = (1 / (4 * pi * epsilon0)) * (p / r^3)

- Gauss's Law: Integral(E * dA) = q / epsilon0

2. Electrostatic Potential and Capacitance


- Potential due to Point Charge: V = k * Q / r

- Capacitance of a Capacitor: C = epsilon0 * A / d

- Energy Stored in Capacitor: U = (1/2) * C * V^2

- Capacitors in Series: 1 / C_eq = 1 / C1 + 1 / C2 + ...

- Capacitors in Parallel: C_eq = C1 + C2 + ...

3. Current Electricity
- Ohm's Law: V = I * R

- Resistance: R = rho * (l / A)

- Power: P = V * I = I^2 * R = V^2 / R

- Combination of Resistors (Series): R_eq = R1 + R2 + ...

- Combination of Resistors (Parallel): 1 / R_eq = 1 / R1 + 1 / R2 + ...

4. Moving Charges and Magnetism


- Magnetic Force: F = q * (v * B)

- Torque on Current Loop: tau = n * I * A * B * sin(theta)

- Biot-Savart Law: B = (mu0 / (4 * pi)) * (I * dl * r) / r^2


- Ampere's Circuital Law: Integral(B * dl) = mu0 * I_enc

5. Magnetism and Matter


- Magnetic Field on Axis of Solenoid: B = mu0 * n * I

- Magnetic Dipole Moment: m = I * A

- Magnetization: M = m / V

- Magnetic Susceptibility: chi_m = M / H

6. Electromagnetic Induction
- Faraday's Law: emf = -d(phi) / dt

- Self Inductance: L = (N * phi) / I

- Energy in Inductor: U = (1/2) * L * I^2

- Induced EMF: emf = B * l * v

7. Alternating Current
- Impedance: Z = sqrt(R^2 + (X_L - X_C)^2)

- Reactance (Inductive): X_L = omega * L

- Reactance (Capacitive): X_C = 1 / (omega * C)

- Power in AC Circuit: P = V_rms * I_rms * cos(phi)

8. Electromagnetic Waves
- Speed of EM Wave: c = 1 / sqrt(mu0 * epsilon0)

- Wave Equation: E = E0 * sin(kx - omega * t)

9. Ray Optics and Optical Instruments


- Lens Maker's Formula: (1 / f) = (n - 1) * [(1 / R1) - (1 / R2)]

- Mirror Formula: (1 / f) = (1 / v) + (1 / u)

- Magnification: m = h' / h = -v / u

10. Wave Optics


- Young's Double-Slit Experiment: Fringe Width (beta) = lambda * D / d

- Diffraction: sin(theta) = m * lambda / a

- Polarization: Brewster's Law: tan(theta) = n2 / n1

11. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter


- Photoelectric Equation: K.E_max = h * nu - phi

- De Broglie Wavelength: lambda = h / p = h / (m * v)

12. Atoms and Nuclei


- Radius of Nucleus: R = R0 * A^(1/3)

- Mass-Energy Relation: E = m * c^2

- Decay Law: N = N0 * e^(-lambda * t)

13. Semiconductor Electronics


- Diode Current: I = I0 * (e^(qV / kT) - 1)

- Transistor Current Relations: I_E = I_B + I_C

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