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    FUNCTIONAL GROUP

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    masterjedi1008

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    FUNCTIONAL GROUP

    Uploaded by

    masterjedi1008
    2 views5 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    2 views5 pages

    FUNCTIONAL GROUP

    Uploaded by

    masterjedi1008

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    CHEMISTRY MANUAL 2024-2025

    ORGANIC ANALYSIS
    SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS OF GIVEN ORGANIC COMPOUND
    Aim : To systematically analyse the given organic compound
    EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE
    1)ODOUR Fishy odour May be amine
    Note the odour of the given
    organic compound Bitter almond odour May be benzaldehyde
    Phenolic odour May be phenol
    No characteristic odour Absence of amine, phenolic
    group and benzaldehyde
    2)Litmus paper test Blue litmus turns red May be carboxylic acid or
    Place a moist litmus paper on phenol
    the organic compound Red litmus turns blue May be amine

    No colour change is observed Absence of carboxylic acid


    , phenol and amine
    3)Test with NaHCO3 Brisk effervescence is Presence of carboxylic acid
    Take 2ml of saturated observed
    solution of sodium bi No effervescence Absence of carboxylic acid
    carbonate in a test tube and
    add a few drops of the given
    organic compound to it.
    4)Test with Borsche’s Yellow, orange or red Presence of aldehyde or
    reagent precipitate is formed ketone
    Take a small amount of
    organic compound in a test No Yellow, orange or red absence of aldehyde or
    tube and add 3ml of precipitate ketone
    Borsche’s reagent followed
    by few drops of Con.HCl.
    Warm the mixture and cool.
    5)Charring test Charring takes place Presence of carbohydrate
    Take a small amount of the
    organic compound in a dry No Charring Absence of carbohydrate
    test tube, add 2ml of con.
    H2SO4 and heat it.
    6)Ignition test Burns with a sooty flame Presence of aromatic
    Take a small amount of the compound
    given compound in a nickel
    spatula and burn it in Bunsen Burns with a non- sooty Presence of aliphatic
    flame flame compound
    7)Bromine water test Reddish brown colour of Substance is unsaturated
    Take a mixture of organic bromine water is
    compound with a few drops decolourised
    of water in a test tube and
    shake with a few drops of No decolourisation Substance is saturated
    bromine water to it
    8) KMnO4 test Pink colour is decolourised Substance is unsaturated
    To a mixture of organic
    compound and water and No decolourisation Substance is saturated
    then add a few drops of very
    dilute alkaline KMnO4.
    shake it well.

    Functional Group Analysis

    Phenolic Group

    1. litmus test
    Place a drop of the given sample Blue litmus turns red May be phenolic group
    on moist blue litmus paper
    2. Ferric Chloride test
    Take 1ml of neutral ferric Violet colouration is Presence of phenolic group
    chloride in a test tube and add 2-3 observed confirmed
    drops of aqueous (or) alcoholic
    solution of organic compound
    3. Phthalein Dye test
    Take 0.1g of organic compound Pink colouration is Presence of phenolic group
    and 0.1g of phthalic anhydride in observed confirmed
    a dry test tube and add 1-2 drops
    of Con. H2SO4.
    Heat for 1 minute, cool and pour
    into a beaker with diluted NaOH
    solution

    Result : The given sample of organic compound contains phenolic group.


    Aldehydic group

    Fehling's test
    1. Take 1ml Fehling's solution A Orange red precipitate Presence of aldehyde
    and 1ml of Fehling's solution B in is formed confirmed
    a test tube. To this add 2ml of
    organic compound solution in
    water or alcohol. Heat in a water
    bath for 2 minutes.
    Tollen's test
    2. Take 1ml of organic compound Silver mirror is Presence of aldehyde
    in a test tube and add few drops of formed due to confirmed
    Tollen’s reagent. Heat this deposition of a layer
    mixture in a water bath. of silver metal on the
    inner surface of test
    tube
    Benedict's test
    3. Take 2ml of Benedict's reagent Orange red precipitate Presence of aldehyde
    in a test tube and add a few drops is formed confirmed
    of organic compound solution.
    Heat in a water bath for 5 minutes

    Result: The given sample of organic compound contains aldehydic group.

    Ketogroup

    Borsches test
    Take a small amount of Yellow, orange or red Ketone or aldehyde is confirmed
    organic compound in a test precipitate is formed.
    tube and add 3ml of
    Borsche’s reagent followed
    by few drops of Con.HCl.
    Warm the mixture and cool.
    Sodium Nitro Prusside test
    Take a few crystals of Red colouration is observed Ketone is confirmed
    sodium nitro prusside in a
    test tube and add 1ml of
    distilled water. Add 0.5ml
    of organic compound,
    shake and then add NaOH
    solution drop wise

    Result: The given sample of organic compound contains Ketonic group.


    Carboxylic Acid group

    1. Litmus test
    Add a drop of liquid Blue litmus turns red Presence of carboxylic acid
    compound on moist blue group
    litmus paper
    2. Sodium bi carbonate test
    Take 2ml of saturated Colourless, odourless gas Presence of carboxylic acid
    solution of NaHCO3 in a test with brisk effervescence due group
    tube and add a few drops of to evolution of CO2 is
    organic compound to it. observed
    3. Ester test
    Take 0.1g of organic Sweet smelling ester is Presence of carboxylic acid
    compound in a test tube and formed group
    add 1ml of ethanol and 2-3
    drops of Con H2SO4. Heat the
    mixture in a water bath for 10
    minutes and pour it into an
    aqueous soultion of sodium
    carbonate

    Result: The given sample of organic compound contains Carboxylic acid group.

    Amino Group

    1. Solubility Test
    Take a small amount of Compound is soluble It may be an amine
    organic compound in a test
    tube and add 2ml of dilute
    HCl. Shake well
    2. Litmus Test
    Place a drop of given organic Red litmus turns blue It may be an amine
    compound on moist red
    litmus paper
    3. Azodye test
    Take 3 test tube A, B and C. Red orange dye is formed Presence of amino group is
    In A dissolve 0.2g organic confirmed
    compound in 2ml diute HCl.
    In B prepare an aqueous
    solution of sodium nitrite.In C
    dissolve 0.2g of β - Napthol
    in dilute NaOH solution.
    Place all the 3 test tubes in ice
    bath. Add contents of B into
    A and the resultant solution is
    added to test tube C

    Result: The given sample of organic compound contains amino group.

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