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Discrete Problems

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14 views2 pages

Discrete Problems

Uploaded by

oclgi.oou
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BMT 2023 Discrete Test November 4, 2023

Time limit: 60 minutes.


Instructions: This test contains 10 short answer questions. All answers must be expressed in
simplest form unless specified otherwise. Only answers written inside the boxes on the answer
sheet will be considered for grading.
No calculators.

1. Compute the three-digit number that satisfies the following properties:

• The hundreds digit and ones digit are the same, but the tens digit is different.
• The number is divisible by 9.
• When the number is divided by 5, the remainder is 1.

2. Three people, Pranav, Sumith, and Jacklyn, are attending a fair. Every time a person enters or
exits, the groundskeeper writes their name down in chronological order. If each person enters
and exits the fairgrounds exactly once, in how many ways can the groundskeeper write down
their names?

3. Find the number of positive integers n less than 10000 such that there are more 4’s in the digits
of n + 1 than in the digits of n.

4. Given positive integers a ≥ 2 and k, let ma (k) denote the remainder when k is divided by a.
Compute the number of positive integers, n, less than 500 such that m2 (m5 (m11 (n))) = 1.

5. Kait rolls a fair 6-sided die until she rolls a 6. If she rolls a 6 on the N th roll, she then rolls the
die N more times. What is the probability that she rolls a 6 during these next N times?

6. Let N be the number of positive integers x less than 210 · 2023 such that

lcm(gcd(x, 1734), gcd(x + 17, x + 1732))

divides 2023. Compute the sum of the prime factors of N with multiplicity. (For example, if
S = 75 = 31 · 52 , then the answer is 1 · 3 + 2 · 5 = 13).

7. Maria and Skyler have a square-shaped cookie with a side length of 1 inch. They split the cookie
by choosing two points on distinct sides of the cookie uniformly at random and cutting across
the line segment formed by connecting the two points. If Maria always gets the larger piece,
what is the expected amount of extra cookie in Maria’s piece compared to Skyler’s, in square
inches?

8. Define a family of functions Sk (n) for positive integers n and k by the following two rules:

S0 (n) = 1,
X
Sk (n) = dSk−1 (d).
d|n

Compute the remainder when S30 (30) is divided by 1001.

9. Shiori places seven books, numbered from 1 to 7, on a bookshelf in some order. Later, she
discovers that she can place two dividers between the books, separating the books into left,
middle, and right sections, such that:

• The left section is numbered in increasing order from left to right, or has at most one book.

1
BMT 2023 Discrete Test November 4, 2023

• The middle section is numbered in decreasing order from left to right, or has at most one
book.
• The right section is numbered in increasing order from left to right, or has at most one
book.

In how many possible orderings could Shiori have placed the books? For example, (2, 3, 5, 4, 1, 6, 7)
and (2, 3, 4, 1, 5, 6, 7) are possible orderings with the partitions 2, 3, 5|4, 1|6, 7 and 2, 3, 4|1|5, 6, 7,
but (5, 6, 2, 4, 1, 3, 7) is not.

10. Let α denote the positive real root of the polynomial x2 − 3x − 2. Compute the remainder when
α1000 is divided by the prime number 997. Here, ⌊r⌋ denotes the greatest integer less than r.


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