Scribd
Upload
16 views10 pages

R Assignment 1

Uploaded by

jitmahee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
16 views10 pages

R Assignment 1

Uploaded by

jitmahee
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 10

TECHNO INDIA UNIVERSITY

SESSION: - 2023-2025
NAME: -SHASWATI PAUL
YEAR: - 2ND
BATCH: -MCA 2C
STUDENT ID: - 231001271211
SUBJECT: - R Programming Lab
ASSIGNMENT 1
Develop R scripts to solve following problems:

1. Question 1:

What is the output when the following is entered at the R prompt?

'C' + 'D'
 Error Message: Non-numeric argument to binary operator
 How to resolve the error:
Corrected Code:
C <- "10"
D <- "20"
result <- as.numeric(C) + as.numeric(D)
print(result)
Output:
[1] 30

Question 2:

What happens when the following code is run in R?

x = 5. .9; x
 Error Message: Incorrect use of the .. operator.
 How to resolve the error:

 Corrected Code:

x <- c(5, 6, 7, 8, 9)
x
Output:
[1] 5 6 7 8 9
Question 3:

What is the output of the following R command?

as.raw(20)

 Output:

[1] 14

Question 4:

What happens when the following is executed in R?

month.names

 Error Message: 'month.names' object not found. Execution halted


 Solution:
o Corrected Code:

print(month.names)

o Output:

[1] "January" "February" "March" "April" "May" "June"


"July" "August" "September" "October" "November"
"December"

Question 5:

What is the output of the following R command?

0xabc

 Output:

[1] 2748
Question 6:

What happens when the following is executed in R?

month.abb

 Output:

[1] "Jan" "Feb" "Mar" "Apr" "May" "Jun" "Jul" "Aug" "Sep"
"Oct" "Nov" "Dec"

Question 7:

What happens when the following is executed in R?

x20

 Error Message: Object "x20" not found


 Solution:
o Corrected Code:

x20 <- 100


print(x20)

o Output:

[1] 100

Question 8:

What is the output of the following R command?

getwd()

 Output:

[1] "/home/compiler"

Question 9:

What happens when the following R command is executed?

setwd()

 Error Message: Argument "dir" is missing, with no default.


Question 10:

What happens when the following code is executed?

(29,59,5)

 Error Message: Unexpected ',' in "(29,"


 Solution:
o Corrected Code:

c(29, 59, 5)

o Output:

[1] 29 59 5

2. Question 1: How can we change the default prompt in R?

To modify the default prompt in R, we can use the options() function. By default, the R
prompt is set to "R>". However, it can be customized by specifying a new value for the
prompt option.

Code Example:

options(prompt = "MyRPrompt > ")

Question 2: Determining the Type of an R Object

To identify the type of an R object, you can use the following functions:

1. class() – Determines the object's class (e.g., "numeric," "character").


2. typeof() – Reveals the internal type (e.g., "double," "integer").
3. mode() – Indicates the object's mode (e.g., "numeric," "character").
4. str() – Provides the structure of the object.

Example:

x <- 42

class(x) # Output: "numeric"

typeof(x) # Output: "double"

mode(x) # Output: "numeric"

str(x) # Output: num 42


Question 3: Changing the Class of an Object

1. Convert to Numeric: as.numeric(object)


2. Convert to Character: as.character(object)
3. Convert to Factor: as.factor(object)
4. Convert to Integer: as.integer(object)
5. Convert to Logical: as.logical(object)
6. Convert to Data Frame: as.data.frame(object)
7. Convert to Matrix: as.matrix(object)
8. Convert to List: as.list(object)

# Convert character to numeric


x <- "123"
x_numeric <- as.numeric(x)

# Convert numeric to character


x <- 123
x_char <- as.character(x)

# Convert character vector to factor


x <- c("apple", "banana")
x_factor <- as.factor(x)

# Convert numeric to integer


x <- 123.456
x_integer <- as.integer(x)

# Convert numeric to logical


x <- 1
x_logical <- as.logical(x)

# Convert matrix to data frame


x <- matrix(1:4, nrow=2)
x_df <- as.data.frame(x)

# Convert data frame to matrix


x <- data.frame(a=1:2, b=3:4)
x_matrix <- as.matrix(x)

# Convert numeric vector to list


x <- c(1, 2, 3)
x_list <- as.list(x)
Question 4: Define an imaginary number.
1.using the complex() function

z <- complex(real=0, imaginary=1)


print(z) # Output: 0+1i

2. Using the `i` Subscript for Complex Numbers

Z <- 1 + 2i
print(Z) # Output: 1 + 2i

3. Basic Operations with Complex Numbers

 Addition:

Z1 <- 1 + 2i
Z2 <- -3 + 4i
sum_Z <- Z1 + Z2
print(sum_Z) # Output: -2 + 6i

 Subtraction:

diff_Z <- Z1 - Z2
print(diff_Z) # Output: 4 - 2i

 Multiplication:

product_Z <- Z1 * Z2
print(product_Z) # Output: -11 + 2i

 Division:

quotient_Z <- Z1 / Z2
print(quotient_Z) # Output: -0.2 + 0.4i

4. Magnitude & Argument

 Magnitude:

magnitude <- Mod(Z1)


print(magnitude) # Output: 2.236068

 Argument:

argument <- Arg(Z1)


print(argument) # Output: 1.107149
5. To Change the Working Directory in R

1. Using setwd():
o To set the working directory to a specific path:
o setwd("/path/to/your/directory")
o To verify the current working directory:
o getwd()

2. Using Relative Paths:


o To move to the parent directory (one level up):
o setwd("..")

3. On Windows:
o Example for setting the working directory:
o setwd("C:/Users/YourName/Document/R")

4. On Mac and Linux:


o Example for setting the working directory:
o setwd("/Users/YourName/Document/R")

 Check if a Number is Prime

# Check if the number is prime

# Take user input for the number


number <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter a number to
check if it's prime: "))

# Check if the number is less than or equal to 1


if (number <= 1) {
cat(number, "is not a prime number.\n")
} else {
is_prime <- TRUE # Assume the number is prime
for (i in 2:(number - 1)) {
# Check for divisibility by numbers between 2 and (number
- 1)
if (number %% i == 0) {
is_prime <- FALSE # Not prime if divisible by any
number
break
}
}
# Output result
if (is_prime) {
cat(number, "is a prime number.\n")
} else {
cat(number, "is not a prime number.\n")
}
}

Output Example:

Enter a number to check if it's prime: 17


17 is a prime number

 Generate Fibonacci Series

# Generate Fibonacci series

# Take user input for the number of terms


number <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter the number of
terms to calculate the Fibonacci series: "))

# Initialize the Fibonacci series vector


fib <- numeric(number)

# Define the first two terms


if (number >= 1) fib[1] <- 0
if (number >= 2) fib[2] <- 1

# Calculate the Fibonacci series for subsequent terms


for (i in 3:number) {
fib[i] <- fib[i - 1] + fib[i - 2]
}

# Output the Fibonacci series


cat("Fibonacci series with", number, "terms:\n")
print(fib)

Output Example:

Enter the number of terms to calculate the Fibonacci series:


10
Fibonacci series with 10 terms:
[1] 0 1 1 2 3 5 8 13 21 34
 Calculate Factorial Using a Loop

# Calculate Factorial using a Loop

# Take user input for the number


number <- as.integer(readline(prompt = "Enter a number to
calculate its factorial: "))

# Check if the number is non-negative


if (number < 0) {
cat("Factorial is not defined for negative numbers\n")
} else {
result <- 1 # Initialize the result variable
# Loop to calculate the factorial
for (i in 1:number) {
result <- result * i
}
# Output the result
cat("Factorial of", number, "is", result, "\n")
}

Output Example:

Enter a number to calculate its factorial: 5


Factorial of 5 is 120

You might also like