Assertion Reason VI
Assertion Reason VI
2. Water contains oxygen. Some animals that live in water, e.g. whales come up to the water
surface to breathe in oxygen from the air. Others, for example, fish breathe in oxygen dissolved
in water. Fishes have organs called gills instead of lungs. When water passes through the gills,
oxygen dissolved in the water is absorbed. The organisms that live in soil also need oxygen to
respire. How do they get the air they need for respiration?
The organisms which are living under the soil, and the roots of a plant, respire by taking
oxygen present in the soil. Some organisms living under soil make deep burrows and holes in
the soil through which the air reaches them for respiration. However, when it rains heavily,
water fills up all the spaces occupied by the air in the soil. In this situation, animals living in the
soil have to come out for respiration. Could this be the reason why earthworms come out from
the soil only during heavy rains?
(i) How whales breathe in air?
(ii) How fish use the dissolved oxygen?
(iii) How some organisms living under soil breathe?
(iv) Why earthworms come out during heavy rain?
3. How does the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere not change? We have seen that oxygen in
the air is continuously being used up in burning and breathing. Both burning and breathing
take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. However, the percentage of oxygen in the air
remains constant. This is because green plants give out oxygen into air during the process of
photosynthesis.
During photosynthesis, the green plants take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. But during
respiration, both plants and animals take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide. In this way,
oxygen and carbon dioxide balance is maintained in nature. The cycle of the consumption of
oxygen by breathing and burning and its release by photosynthesis is known as oxygen cycle.
This is a balanced process. Human activities such as deforestation and excessive burning can
disturb this balance. Hence, it is essential to plant more trees and burn less fuel.
1. Assertion (A) : Plants release a lot of water into the air through the process of transpiration.
Reason (R) : The water is released through the leaves in the form of water vapour.
2. Assertion (A) : Trees are plants which are very tall. They have a hard and thick brown stem.
Reason (R) : Lamina is thin, flat, broad, green part of leaf.
3. Assertion (A) : The mineral dissolved in water move up in stem along with water.
Reason (R) : The stem bears leaves, flowers and fruits.
4. Assertion (A) : The parts of a typical flower are sepals and petals only.
Reason (R) : The parts of stamen are filament and anther.
5. Assertion (A) : Plants are usually grouped into herbs, shrubs and trees.
Reason (R) : The plants are classified on the basis of their height, nature of stem and
branches.
6. Assertion (A) : Green leaves make their food by the process of photosynthesis.
Reason (R) : Plants used CO 2 and H2O in the presence of sunlight to make their food.
7. Assertion (A) : There are two types of roots, tap root and fibrous root.
Reason (R) : Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil.
8. Assertion (A) : The parts of flower are sepals petals, stamens and pistil.
Reason (R) : The stem bears petiole and lamina.
9. Assertion (A) : Plants of same type can be found in different locations.
Reason (R) : Plants perform the process of seed dispersal.
10. Assertion (A) : Plants with broad leaves are usually found in tropical rainforests.
Reason (R) : Broad leaves help plants to capture more sunlight in dark.
3. Do this activity during day time on a sunny day. Use a healthy, wellwatered plant that has been
growing in the sun. Enclose a leafy branch of the plant in a polythene cover and tie up its
mouth. Tie up the mouth of another empty polythene cover and keep it also in the sun. After a
few hours, observe the inner surface of the covers. You’ll observe droplets of water inside it.
Water comes out of leaves in the form of vapour by a process called transpiration. Plants
release a lot of water into the air through this process.
Leaves also have another function, to know that, we would require a leaf, spirit, a beaker, test
tube, burner, water, a watch glass and iodine solution for this activity.
Take a leaf in a test tube and pour
Take a leaf in a test tube and pour spirit to completely immerse the leaf. Now, place the test
tube in a beaker half filled with water. Heat the beaker till all the green colour from the leaf
comes out into the spirit in the test tube. Take out the leaf carefully and wash it in water. Place
it on a watch glass and pour some iodine solution over it. You’ll observe that it has turned blue
black, showing the presence of Starch in it. For instance, a slice of raw potato also shows the
presence of starch. Potatoes get this starch from their leaves and store it. Leaves prepare their
food in the presence of sunlight and a green coloured substance present in them. For this, they
also use water and carbon dioxide. This process is called photosynthesis. Oxygen is given out in
this process. The food prepared by leaves ultimately gets stored in different parts of plant.
(i) Which gas is given out during the process of photosynthesis?
(ii) Explain the process of transpiration.
(iii) How do plants prepare food?
(iv) Where starch is present in potatoes?
4. Roots help in holding the plant firmly to the soil. They anchor the plant to soil. Go to an open
ground where many wind plants are growing. Dig out a few, wash the soil off the roots and
observe them. You will find that all of the them have either the kind of roots shown in fig. 1 or
as in fig. 2. For roots of the kind shown in fig. 1 the main root is called tap root and the smaller
roots are called lateral roots. Plants with roots as shown in fig. 2 do not have a main root. All
roots seem similar and these are called fibrous roots.
We have learnt that roots absorb water and minerals from the soil and the stem conducts these
to leaves and other parts of the plant. The leaves prepare food. This food travels through the
stem and is stored in different parts of plant. We eat some of these as roots — like carrot,
radish, sweet potato, turning and tapioca. We also eat many other parts of a plant where food is
stored.
(i) Explain the function of roots in plants.
(ii) What are fibrous root?
(iii) Name the type of roots, that have main root.
(iv) Which part of plant prepare food.
Fig. 1 Fig. 2
Chapter-9 : The Living Organisms Characteristics and Habitat
Directions:
The question below consists of assertion and a reason. Use the following key to choose the
appropriate answer.
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explaination of the Assertion.
(b) Both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the true explaination of the Assertion.
(c) Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true.
1. Assertion (A) : The place where organisms live is called habitat.
Reason (R) : The plants and animals that live on land are said to live in terrestrial habitats.
2. Assertion (A) : The plants, animals, microorganism together constitute biotic components.
Reason (R) : Rocks, soil, air, H2O, light and temperature are some of our surrounding.
3. Assertion (A) : Living things produce more of their own kind through reproduction.
Reason (R) : Only animals reproduce their own kind plants can not reproduce.
4. Assertion (A) : Respiration is necessary for animals.
Reason (R) : Fish used their gills to absorb oxygen from the air dissolved in H2O.
5. Assertion (A) : Plants use CO2 to produce food and give out Oxygen.
Reason (R) : The amount of oxygen released in the process of food preparation by plants is
much more than the oxygen they use in respiration.
6. Assertion (A) : Any animals which adapts itself against heat and water scarcity is well suited
for desert conditions.
Reason (R) : In deserts only little water is available.
7. Assertion (A) : Deer has strong teeth and long ears.
Reason (R) : The speed of deer helps them to run away from prey.
8. Assertion (A) : The plants and animals that live on land are said to live in terrestrial habit.
Reason (R) : Ponds, rivers, lakes etc. are examples of terrestrial habits.
9. Assertion (A) : Some abiotic factors like air, water, light and heat are very important for
growth of plants.
Reason (R) : Some of the above aboitic factors are important for all living organisms.
10. Assertion (A) : The leaves of desert plants are either absent, very small or they are present in
shapes of spines.
Reason (R) : In deserts only little water is available.
2. The place where organisms live is called habitat. Habitat means a dwelling place (a home). The
habitat provides food, water, air, shelter and other needs to organisms. Several kinds of plants
and animals live is the same habitat. The plants and animals that live on land are said to live in
terrestrial habitats. Some examples of terrestrial habitats are forests, grasslands, deserts,
coastal and mountain regions. On the other hand, the habitats of plants and animals that live in
water are called aquatic habitats. Lake, rivers and oceans are some examples of aquatic
habitats. There are large variations among terrestrial habitats like forests, grasslands, deserts,
coastal and mountain regions located in different parts of the world.
The organisms, both plants and animals, living in a habitat are its biotic components. The non
living things such as rocks, soil, air and water in the habitat constitute it’s abiotic components.
(i) What do you meant by habitat?
(ii) What are terrestrial habitats?
(iii) Name some terrestrial habitat.
(iv) Define biotic components.
3. Abiotic factors like air, water, light and heat are important for the growth of plants. In fact,
abiotic factors are important for all living organisms. We find that organisms exist in very cold
as well as very hot climates, this is because they manage to survive through adaptation.
Adaptation is the method by which organisms get well adjusted to the climate. Adaptation does
not take place in a short time. Because the abiotic factors or a region also change very slowly.
Those organisms which cannot adapt to these changes die, and only the adapted ones survive.
Organisms adapt to different Abiotic factors in different ways. This results in a wide variety of
organisms in different habitats.
(i) Name the factors that are important for growth of plant.
(ii) What is adaptation?
(iii) Which factors are important for all living organism?
(iv) Why adaptation does not take place in a short period of time?
2. Depending upon the distance one has to travel, one decides the means of transport. You can see
different vehicles on the roads such as cars, scooters, motorbikes, buses, trucks, bicycles and
rickshaws, which people use to move from one place to another.
Land transport is the most commonly available transport. Trains are also a means of land
transport. The other types transport are water transport and air transport.
Boats, rafts and ships are different means of water transport.
To travel large distances such as from one state to another and from one country to another.
We use air transport such as aeroplanes to save time.
(i) What are the modes of transport?
(ii) Give examples of land transport.
(iii) Ship is ________________ type of transport.
(iv) Name the transport used to travel large distance.
3. The motion is a charge in position of an object with time. The change in this position can be
determined through distance and measurement. This allows us to know how fast or slow a
motion is the movement of a snail on the ground, A branch of a tree moving to and fro, motion
of a child on a swing, the blade of an electric fan or the hands of a clock are some examples of
different types of motion.
(i) Define motion.
(ii) Write the types of motion in the blade of an electric fan and motion of a child on a
swing?
(iii) Who determines the change in this position?
1. Assertion (A) : We cannot see the moon at all on a total lunar eclipse.
Reason (R) : On a total lunar eclipse, the moon enters the umbra of the earth.
2. Assertion (A) : Converging means coming from different direction to meet at one point.
Reason (R) : When rays and scatter/diverge themselves from a point, they are divergent
rays.
3. Assertion (A) : Shadows are formed on dark and cloudy days.
Reason (R) : For a shadow to be formed, we need an opaque object, a source of light from
behind the object.
4. Assertion (A) : Moon is a nonluminous object.
Reason (R) : Moon does not have its own light but reflect the light of the sun.
5. Assertion (A) : Ray and beam are synonyms.
Reason (R) : Ray is a narrow path of light whereas beam is a group of rays.
6. Assertion (A) : There are three types of object which frequently allowed the passing of light.
Reason (R) : Transparent objects do not allow pass through them.
7. Assertion (A) : Never ever look directly at the sun that could be extremely harmful for eyes.
Reason (R) : Pin hole camera can be used to brightly little object.
8. Assertion (A) : When light falls on the mirror it get reflected.
Reason (R) : When light falls on the transparent object reflection of light happed.
9. Assertion (A) : A shadow is formed when an opaque object comes in the path of light.
Reason (R) : Light travels in a straight line and when it hits an opaque object, it cannot
pass through it, leading to the creation of shadow.
10. Assertion (A) : Reflection of light is the bouncing back of light when it strikes a shiny surface.
Reason (R) : Reflection happens because light is a wave.
3. Light travels in a straight line. A pinhole camera is an application of light travelling in straight
line. You can also get an image of the sun with the pinhole camera. For an image of the sun, take
a large sheet of cardboard. Make a small pinhole in the centre. Now hold the large sheet of
cardboard up in the sun such that its shadow falls on a plane clear area. You will get a small
circular image of the sun in the middle of the shadow of the sheet of the cardboard. You can
observe pinhole images of the sun and moon during eclipses.
(i) What is the path of light?
(ii) Name one application of light travelling in straight line.
(iii) At what time we observe the pinhole image?
(iv) How can you make pinhole camera?
2. An electric bulb has a filament that is connected to the terminals. The two terminals of filament
are fixed with two thick wires provides support to it. These terminals are fixed in such a
mannar that they do not touch each other.
(i) Where is the filament fixed in the electric bulb?
Ans. In the middle.
(ii) Filament is ___________________.
Ans. A thin wire that gives off light when bulb is switched on.
(iii) How many terminals an electric bulb has?
Ans. Two terminals.
(iv) Do the terminals touch each other?
Ans. No
3. The materials that allow electric current to pass through them are called conductors. All
metals, carbon, salt solutions and impure water are some conductors of electricity. The
materials that do not allow electric current to pass through them are called insulators wood,
cotton, wool, plastic, rubber, Bakelite, ebonite, distilled water and glass are some insulators.
(i) What are conductors?
(ii) Does salt solution conduct electricity?
(iii) What are insulators?
(iv) Why electric wires are covered with plastic?
4. It is not possible to manually hold electric wires in contact with the electric cell when you need
light and remove it. When you do not need it. Therefore, a device called electric switch is used
for making and breaking an electric circuit Electric Switches are used at home to switch on or
off the electric bulb, tube light, fan etc. The stopping and starting of flow of electric current is
an electric circuit is controlled by an electric switch.
(i) What is electric switch?
(ii) What is the use of electric switch?
(iii) Name the device which helps in making and breaking of electric circuit?
(iv) What is the role of electric switch in an electric circuit?
This document was created with the Win2PDF “print to PDF” printer available at
http://www.win2pdf.com
This version of Win2PDF 10 is for evaluation and non-commercial use only.
This page will not be added after purchasing Win2PDF.
http://www.win2pdf.com/purchase/