MOBILE COMPUTING CHAPTER-3

Mobile Internet: The mobile internet refers to the use of internet services and accessing web-based
content on mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets. It allows users to browse websites,
access online services, and use various internet-based applications on the go. The mobile internet
has become an essential part of modern life, providing convenience, connectivity, and access to
information anytime, anywhere.

Services for the Mobile Internet: There are various services available for the mobile internet that
cater to different needs and preferences of mobile users. Some common services include:

1. Web Browsing: Mobile devices have web browsers that enable users to access websites,
search information, and interact with web-based applications.

2. Email: Mobile email services allow users to send, receive, and manage emails on their mobile
devices. Users can sync their email accounts and stay connected with their messages while
on the move.

3. Social Media: Mobile apps and websites provide access to social media platforms, allowing
users to connect with friends, share updates, and engage in social networking activities.

4. Messaging Apps: Instant messaging and chat apps like WhatsApp, Facebook Messenger, and
Telegram enable real-time messaging and communication with contacts.

5. Online Shopping: Mobile internet enables e-commerce, allowing users to browse products,
make purchases, and track deliveries using mobile shopping apps or websites.

6. Entertainment: Users can stream music, videos, movies, and TV shows on mobile devices
through various entertainment apps and platforms.

Business Opportunities: The mobile internet has opened up significant business opportunities for
companies and entrepreneurs. Some key opportunities include:

1. Mobile App Development: Developing mobile applications for specific services or businesses,
catering to the needs and preferences of mobile users.

2. Mobile Advertising: Targeted advertising campaigns tailored for mobile devices to reach a
large mobile audience and promote products or services.

3. Mobile Commerce: Creating mobile-friendly e-commerce platforms and apps to facilitate

mobile shopping and online transactions.

4. Location-Based Services: Offering location-based services like navigation, local

recommendations, and targeted promotions based on the user's geographical location.

5. Mobile Content Creation: Creating and delivering mobile-optimized content, such as mobile
websites, videos, and interactive applications.

Implementing WAP Services: WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) is a technology that enables the
delivery of internet-based services and content to mobile devices. WAP services are implemented
using WML (Wireless Markup Language), which is a markup language specifically designed for mobile
devices. Here are some key elements of implementing WAP services using WML:

1. WML Variables and Contexts:

• Variable Substitution: WML allows variables to store and manipulate data. Variable
substitution is the process of dynamically replacing variables with their respective values.

• Setting Variables: Variables in WML can be set with specific values using the <setvar>
element.

• Browser Contexts: WML supports multiple browser contexts, allowing the rendering of
different parts of a page independently.

2. WML Tasks and Events: WML provides tasks and events for user interaction and controlling
the flow of the application. Tasks represent specific actions, such as displaying a card or
making a phone call. Events are triggered by user actions, such as clicking on a link or
submitting a form.

3. WML User Interaction:

• Problems with Web Interaction: WAP addresses the challenges of web interaction on mobile
devices, including limited screen size, limited processing power, and slower network
connections.

• Interaction in WAP: WML provides user interface elements and interactions suitable for
mobile devices, ensuring efficient and user-friendly interactions.

4. WML Elements:

• <input>: Used for user input, allowing users to enter data through text fields, checkboxes,
radio buttons, etc.

• <select> and <option>: Used for dropdown lists, providing users with a selection of options.

• <optgroup>: Used to group options within a dropdown list.

• <do>: Represents a task or action that is triggered when the user interacts with a specific
element.

• <anchor> and <a>: Used for creating hyperlinks to navigate between different cards or pages.

• The tabindex Attribute: Specifies the order of focus for elements when navigating using the
keyboard.

5. WML Timers: WML supports timers to trigger events or actions after a specified time
interval. Timers are useful for implementing animations, transitions, or delayed actions in
WAP applications.

6. WML Decks, Templates, and Cards:

• <wml>: The root element of a WML document.

• <head>: Contains metadata and information about the WML document.

• <access>: Specifies access permissions and security settings.

• <meta>: Defines metadata for the WML document, such as character encoding and viewport
settings.

• <card>: Represents a single card or page in a WAP application.

 • <template>: Defines a reusable template for creating multiple cards with a consistent layout.

7. WML Text and Text Formatting: WML provides elements for displaying text and applying
basic formatting, such as paragraphs (<p>), line breaks (<br>), and character formatting
(bold, italic, etc.).

8. Tables: WML allows the creation of simple tables for organizing data or displaying tabular
information.

9. WML Images:

• <img> Element: Used to display images in WML documents.

• The WBMP Image Format: WML uses the Wireless Bitmap (WBMP) format for displaying
images on mobile devices. WBMP is a compressed black-and-white image format suitable for
low-bandwidth connections.

Implementing WAP services using WML enables the development of mobile applications and web
services that are optimized for mobile devices, providing a user-friendly and efficient mobile internet
experience.