NAVODAYA VIDYALAYA SAMITI

REGIONAL OFFICE PUNE

UT – 3 2024
SUBJECT – PHYSICS
CLASS – XI

Time Allowed: 90 minutes Maximum Marks : 40

General Instructions:

1. All questions are compulsory.

2. The marks for each question are indicated in brackets.
3. Use of calculator is not allowed.
4. Draw neat & clean diagrams wherever necessary

Section A: (Total = 20 marks )

Question No 1

The property due to which the free surface of liquid tends to have minimum surface area and behaves
like a stretched membrane is called surface tension. It is a force per unit length acting in the plane of
interface between the liquid and the bounding surface i.e., S = F/L, where F = force acting on either
side of imaginary line on surface and L = length of imaginary line. Surface tension decreases with rise
in temperature. Highly soluble impurities increase surface tension and sparingly soluble impurities
decreases surface tension.

i) The excess pressure inside a soap bubble is three times than excess pressure inside a second soap
bubble, then the ratio of their surface area is ( 1 mark )

(a) 9 : 1

(b) 1 : 3

(c) 1 : 9

(d) 3 : 1

ii) Which of the following statements is not true about surface tension? ( 1 mark )

(a) A small liquid drop takes spherical shape due to surface tension.
(b) Surface tension is a vector quantity.

(c) Surface tension of liquid is a molecular phenomenon.

(d) Surface tension of liquid depends on length but not on the area.

iii) which of the following statement is not true about angle of contact? ( 1 mark )

(a) The value of angle of contact for pure water and glass is zero.

(b) Angle of contact increases with increase in temperature of liquid.

(c) If the angle of contact of a liquid and a solid surface is less than 90°, then the liquid spreads on the
surface of solid.

(d) Angle of contact depends upon the inclination of the solid surface to the liquid surface.

iv) Which of the following statements is correct? ( 1 mark )

(a) Viscosity is a vector quantity.

(b) Surface tension is a vector quantity.

(c) Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity.

(d) Angle of contact is a vector quantity.

v) A liquid does not wet the solid surface if the angle of contact is ( 1 mark )

(a) 0°

(b) equal to 45°

(c) equal to 90°

(d) greater than 90°

Question No 2

When a body is subjected to a deforming force, a restoring force is developed in the body.
This restoring force is equal in magnitude but opposite in direction to the applied force.
The restoring force per unit area is known as stress. If F is the force applied normal to the
cross–section and A is the area of cross section of the body.
Magnitude of the stress = F/A
The SI unit of stress is N-m-2 or Pascal (Pa) and its dimensional formula is [ML-1 T-2]. The
restoring force per unit area in this case is called tensile stress. If the cylinder is
compressed under the action of applied forces, the restoring force per unit area is known
as compressive stress. Tensile or compressive stress can also be termed as longitudinal
stress. In both the cases, there is a change in the length of the cylinder. The change in the
length ΔL to the original length L of the body is known as longitudinal strain.
The restoring force per unit area developed due to the applied tangential force is known as
tangential or shearing stress.

1) Restoring force per unit area is called as

a) Stress
b) Strain
c) Modulus of elasticity
d) None of these

2) Ratio of change in dimension to original dimension is called

a) Stress
b) Strain
c) Modulus of elasticity
d) None of these

3) Define shear stress.

4) Define stress. Give its SI unit and dimension.

5) Define strain. Give its SI unit and dimension.

Question No 3

Fluids are everywhere around us. Earth has an envelope of air and two-thirds of its surface is
covered with water. Water is not only necessary for our existence; every mammalian body
constitute mostly of water. All the processes occurring in living beings including plants are
mediated by fluids. Thus understanding the behavior and properties of fluids is important.
How are fluids different from solids? What is common in liquids and gases? Unlike a solid, a
fluid has no definite shape of its own. Solids and liquids have a fixed volume, whereas a gas
fills the entire volume of its container. We have learnt in the previous chapter that the
volume of solids can be changed by stress. The volume of solid, liquid or gas depends on the
stress or pressure acting on it. When we talk about fixed volume of solid or liquid, we mean
its volume under atmospheric pressure. The difference between gases and solids or liquids is
that for solids or liquids the change in volume due to change of external pressure is rather
small. In other words solids and liquids have much lower compressibility as compared to
gases. Shear stress can change the shape of a solid keeping its volume fixed. The key property
of fluids is that they offer very little resistance to shear stress; their shape changes by
application of very small shear stress. The shearing stress of fluids is about million times
smaller than that of solids.
(i). what is the value of surface tension of water at critical temperature. ( 1 mark )

(ii). write the relation between torr and millibar. ( 1 mark )

(iii). Write down the following liquids in the order of increasing surface tension :
water, mercury , soap solution ( 1 mark )

(iv). Name two practical application of Pascal’s law ( 1 mark )

(v). What is reciprocal of viscosity known as? ( 1 mark )

Question No 4

The property of a body, by virtue of which it tends to regain its original size and shape when the
applied force is removed, is known as elasticity and the deformation caused is known as elastic
deformation. However, if you apply force to a lump of putty or mud, they have no gross tendency to
regain their previous shape, and they get permanently deformed. Such substances are called plastic
and this property is called plasticity. Putty and mud are close to ideal plastics. We know that in a
solid, each atom or molecule is surrounded by neighboring atoms or molecules. These are bonded
together by interatomic or intermolecular forces and stay in a stable equilibrium position. When a
solid is deformed, the atoms or molecules are displaced from their equilibrium positions causing a
change in the interatomic (or intermolecular) distances. When the deforming force is removed, the
interatomic forces tend to drive them back to their original positions. Thus the body regains its
original shape and size. Answer the following

1) Putty and mud are example of

a) Ideal plastic
b) Ideal elastic
c) Pseudo plastic
d) None of these

2) The property of a body, by virtue of which it tends to regain its original size and shape when the
applied force is removed, is known as
a) Elasticity
b) Plasticity
c) Both
d) None of these

3) Define elasticity

4) Define plasticity

5) Explain elastic behaviour of solid

 SECTION B : ( 4 × 1= 4 MARKS )

Directions: In the following questions, choose the correct option.

a) Both assertion and reason are true, and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
b) Both assertion and reason are true, but the reason is not the correct explanation of the
assertion.
c) The assertion is true, but the reason is false.
d) Both assertion and reason are false.

1). Assertion: Lead is more elastic than rubber.

Reason: If same load is loaded on the lead and rubber wire of same cross-sectional area, the
strain of lead is very much less than that of rubber.

2). Assertion: The earth is slowing down and as a result the moon is coming nearer to it.
Reason: The angular momentum of the earth moon system is not conserved.

3). Assertion: The difference in the value of acceleration due to gravity at pole and equator is
proportional to square of angular velocity of earth.
Reason: The value of acceleration due to gravity is minimum at the equator and maximum at the
pole.

4). Assertion: Surface tension decreases with increase in temperature.

Reason: On increasing temperature kinetic energy increases and intermolecular forces decreases.

Section C: (6 × 2 = 12 marks)

1) . What do you understand by the term capillarity? Give some example of capillarity from daily life.

( 2 marks )

2). Calculate the force of attraction between two walls each of mass 1 kg when their centres are 10cm
apart. G= 6.67×10−11 N⋅m2/kg2. . Why the value of g is more at the poles than at the equator?
(2
marks )

3). Define terminal velocity. Derive an expression for it. (2

marks )

4). Define orbital velocity. Derive an expression for the orbital velocity of a satellite. Establish a
relation for orbital velocity of a satellite orbiting very close to the surface of the earth. Find the ratio of
the orbital velocity and escape velocity. (2
marks )

5). State and derive equation of continuity. ( 2 marks )

6). Derive an expression for the excess pressure inside a soap bubble. ( 2 marks )

SECTION D : ( 4×1 = 4 MARKS )

Question-

i) Derive an expression for Gravitational Potential Energy. (2 marks)

ii) A steel wire of length 2.0 m is stretched through 2.0 mm. The cross-sectional area of the wire
is 4.0 mm2 . Calculate the elastic potential energy stored in the wire In the stretched condition.

Young’s modulus of steel is 2.0×1011 Nm-2 . (2 marks)