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Tutorial 2

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4 views

Tutorial 2

Uploaded by

lenganji simwanda
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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AMB252

Tutorial 2
4 August 2022 (You write a test at the end of the tutorial)

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Question 1
An arrow is shot vertically upwards with an initial velocity of 49m/s from a crossbow at
ground level. Assume that air resistance is proportional to speed and determine the
maximum height that the arrow will reach. Compare this height with the maximum height
reached when air resistance is absent.
Derive from first principles a DE of the following form,
𝑑𝑣
= −𝜌𝑣 − 𝑔
𝑑𝑡
and assume that 𝜌 = 0.04 𝑠 −1 .
[Answer: 108.2 m if 𝑅 ∝ 𝑣; 122.5 m if 𝑅 = 0 ].

Question 2
The increase in numbers of a wild cat population on a remote island is limited by insufficient
food supply. There were 2000 cats in 1990, 2500 cats in 1995, and it is estimated that the
population can never exceed 10000. Find the population as a function of time and estimate
the number of cats in 2010. Sketch a graph of the population indicating the above data plus
asymptotes and inflection points.
[Answer: Number of cats in 2010 ≈ 4414.]

Question 3 (Zill: Excersice 2.8 nr 3)


A model for the population 𝑃(𝑡) in a suburb of a large city is given by the initial-value
𝑑𝑃
problem: 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑃(10−1 − 10−7 𝑃), 𝑃(0) = 5000, where 𝑡 is measured in months. What is
the limiting value of the population? At what time will the population be equal to one-half of
this limiting value?
[Answers: Carrying capacity: 106 humans; Duration: 52.93 months.]

Question 4 (based on Zill: Excersice 2.8 nr 5-7)


If a constant number ℎ of fish is harvested from a fishery per unit time, then a model for the
𝑑𝑃
population 𝑃(𝑡) of the fishery at time 𝑡 is given by 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑃(𝑎 − 𝑏𝑃) − ℎ, 𝑃(0) = 𝑃0 , where
𝑎, 𝑏, ℎ and 𝑃0 are positive constants.
(a) Suppose 𝑎 = 5, 𝑏 = 1 and ℎ = 4. Show that the differential equation becomes:
𝑑𝑃
= −(𝑃 − 4)(𝑃 − 1). Since the DE is autonomous, use the phase portrait concept
𝑑𝑡
of Section 2.1 to sketch representative solution curves corresponding to the cases
𝑃0 > 4, 1 < 𝑃0 < 4, and 0 < 𝑃0 < 1. Determine the long-term behaviour of the
population in each case.
(b) Solve the IVP in (a).
(c) Determine whether the fishery population 𝑃(𝑡) becomes extinct in finite time. If so,
find that time.
4(P0 − 1) − (P0 − 4)e−3
[Answers: (b) 𝑃(𝑡) = , (c) When 0 < P0 < 1, the time that it will take for the
(P0 − 1) − (P0 − 4)e−3
1 4(𝑃0 −1)
fishery population to become extinct is given by 𝑡 = − 3 ln .]
𝑃0 −4

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