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Lab Session #10-3

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14 views5 pages

Lab Session #10-3

Uploaded by

arda2207ozturk
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Partial Differential Equations

ME 303 - Computer Applic tions in Mech nic l Engineering


L b Session #10
a
a
a
a
Partial Differential Equations
De nition: Di erential equation that includes multiple independent variables and their
derivatives
2 2 2
∂u ∂u ∂u
A 2 +B + C 2 = f(u, x, y, ⋯)
∂x ∂x∂y ∂y
PDEs in the given form are categorized as
2
1. Elliptic: B − 4AC < 0
2
2. Parabolic: B − 4AC = 0
2
3. Hyperbolic: B − 4AC > 0
PDEs are often too complex to solve analytically, needing either approximations or
numerical methods
fi
ff
Finite Differences
Numerical description of derivations are used
First-Order Di erential:
∂u u(x + Δx) − u(x) u(x) − u(x − Δx) u(x + Δx) − u(x − Δx)
= = =
∂x Δx Δx 2Δx
Second-Order Di erential:
2
∂ u u(x + Δx) − 2u(x) + u(x − Δx)
=
∂x 2 Δx 2
In the case of PDEs, derivatives with respect to multiple variables are utilized. Using a
k
di erent form for u(x, y, t) = ui,j with each incremental change denoted in the sub-,
k
and superscripts (e.g. u(x + Δx, y, t) = ui+1,j makes it simpler for numerical methods.
ff
ff
ff
Transient Heat Conduction in 1-D
2
∂T ∂T
Governing Equation: k = ρcp (k: thermal conductivity, ρ: density, cp: speci c heat
∂x 2 ∂t
2
capacity, α = ρcp /k, c = Δt/αΔx )

Explicit: Information gathered from Implicit: Values are dependent on


previous time step only current time step
k k k k+1 k k+1 k+1 k+1 k+1 k
Ti+1 − 2Ti + Ti−1 Ti − Ti Ti+1 − 2Ti + Ti−1 Ti − Ti
=α =α
Δx 2 Δt Δx 2 Δt
k+1 k k k k k+1 k+1 k+1
Ti = cTi+1 − (2c − 1)Ti + cTi−1 Ti =− cTi+1 + (2c + 1)Ti−1 − cTi−1
k+1 k k+1 −1 k
T = AT T =A T

fi
Vibrating String in 1-D
2 2
∂u T∂u
Governing Equation: = (T: tension, ρ: density in string)
∂t 2 ρ ∂x 2
Writing the equation numerically
k+1 k k−1 k k k
ui − 2ui + ui T ui+1 − 2ui + ui−1
=
Δt 2 ρ Δx 2

k+1
Isolating ui
2
k+1 Δt T k k k k k−1
ui = (ui+1 − 2ui + ui−1) + 2ui − ui
Δx ρ
2

k k−1
meaning we need complete information regarding u and u states to solve

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