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Practice 14.1

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7 views8 pages

Practice 14.1

Uploaded by

khalid
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MY ACCOUNT

Calculus III
Study concepts, example questions & explanations

Question #1: Domain of a Function


Let 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒍𝒏(𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒚𝟐 ). Evaluate 𝒇(𝟐, 𝟎) and find and sketch the
domain of f.

Answer:

𝒇(𝟐, 𝟎) = 𝒍𝒏(𝟗 − 𝟐𝟐 − 𝟗 × 𝟎𝟐 ) = 𝒍𝒏(𝟓).

𝒙𝟐
𝒍𝒏(𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒚𝟐 ) is defined whenever 𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗𝒚𝟐 > 0 or + 𝒚𝟐 < 1.
𝟗
𝒙𝟐
Thus the domain of f is 𝑫 = {(𝒙, 𝒚) | + 𝒚𝟐 < 1}, the points inside the
𝟗
𝒙𝟐
ellipse + 𝒚𝟐 = 1.
𝟗

Question #2: Domain and Range of a Function


Let 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = √𝟑𝟔 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚𝟐 .
(a) Evaluate 𝒇(𝟐, 𝟎).
(b) Find and sketch the domain of f.
(c) Find the range of f.
Answer:

𝒇(𝟏, 𝟐) = √𝟑𝟔 − 𝟗(𝟏)𝟐 − 𝟒(𝟐)𝟐 = √𝟏𝟏.

𝒙𝟐
For the square root to be defined, we need 𝟑𝟔 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚𝟐 ≥ 𝟎 or +
𝟒
𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
≤ 1. Thus the domain of f is 𝑫 = {(𝒙, 𝒚) | + ≤ 1}, the points on
9 𝟒 9
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
or inside the ellipse + = 1.
𝟒 9

Since 𝟎 ≤ √𝟑𝟔 − 𝟗𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒𝒚𝟐 ≤ 𝟔, the range is {z | 0 ≤ z ≤ 6} = [0,6].

Question #3: Domain and Range of a Function


𝟏
Find the domain and range of the function 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = .
√𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 −𝟏

Answer:

√𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏 is defined whenever 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏 ≥ 0 and since it is in the


denominator we consider only 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏 > 0 or 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 > 𝟏. . Thus
the domain of f is 𝑫 = {(𝒙, 𝒚) |𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 > 𝟏}, the points outside the unit
circle 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏.

Since √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 − 𝟏 > 0, the range of f is (𝟎, ∞).

Question #4: Domain of a Function


Find and sketch the domain of the function 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = √𝒚 + 𝟏 + 𝒍𝒏(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚).

Answer:
We note that √𝒚 + 𝟏 is defined only when 𝒚 + 𝟏 ≥ 0 or 𝒚 ≥ −1, while
𝒍𝒏(𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚) is defined only when 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚 > 0 or 𝒚 < 𝒙𝟐 . Thus the domain
of f is 𝑫 = {(𝒙, 𝒚) |−𝟏 ≤ 𝒚 < 𝒙𝟐 }. The natural domain of f is then the
region lying above or on the line y = −1 and below the parabola
𝒚 = 𝒙𝟐 .
y

y  x2

y  1

Question #5: Domain of a Function


√𝟗−𝒙𝟐 −𝒚𝟐
Find the domain of the function 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = .
𝒙+𝟐𝒚

Answer:

√𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 is defined whenever 𝟗 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 ≥ 0 or 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ≤ 𝟗 and


the denominator 𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 ≠ 0. So, the domain of f is 𝑫 = {(𝒙, 𝒚) |𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 ≤
𝟗 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒙 ≠ −𝟐𝒚 }.

Question #6: Graph of a Function


In each part, describe the graph of the function in the xyz-coordinate
system.
𝟏
(a) 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝟏 − 𝒙 − 𝟐 𝒚.
(b) 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = √𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐
(c) 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = −√𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐

Answer:

(a) The graph of the given function is the graph of the equation
𝟏
𝒛 = 𝟏 − 𝒙 − 𝒚 which is a plane. A triangular portion of the plane can
𝟐
be sketched by plotting the intersections with the coordinate axes
and joining them with line segments.

z
(0, 0, 1)

(0, 2, 0)
(1, 0, 0)

(b) The graph of the given function is the graph of the equation
𝒛 = √𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 . After squaring both sides, this can be rewritten as
𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 = 𝟏. which represents a sphere of radius 1, centered at
the origin. Since 𝒛 = √𝟏 − 𝒙𝟐 − 𝒚𝟐 imposes the extra condition that z
≥ 0, the graph is just the upper hemisphere.

1 1
y
1

(c) The graph of the given function is the graph of the equation
𝒛 = −√𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 . After squaring both sides, this can be rewritten as
𝒛𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 , which is the equation of a circular cone. Since 𝒛 =
−√𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 imposes the extra condition that 𝑧 ≤ 0, the graph is just
the lower nappe of the cone.
Question #7: Level curves
Let 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 .
(a) Sketch the graph of the function.
(b) Identify the level curves of f.
(c) Sketch the level curves for 𝒌 = 𝟏, 𝟐, 𝟑, 𝟒, 𝟓.

Answer:

𝒛 = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = √𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 . Recall from the Quadric Surfaces section that


this the upper portion of the cone 𝐳 𝟐 = 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 .

The level curves are


2
√𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝑘 or 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝑘

This is a family of circles with center (0, 0) and radius k. The cases
𝑘 = 1,2,3,4,5 are shown in the figure below.

Question #8: Level Curves


Identify and sketch the level curves (or contours) for the following
function 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒛.

Answer:

We know that level curves or contours are given by setting z = k.


Doing this in our equation gives,

𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 + 𝒌

If k = 0, the equation will be 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 or 𝑦 = ±√2𝑥. So, in this case the


level curve(s) will be two lines through the origin.

Next, if k > 0, the level curves will be

𝒚𝟐 𝒙𝟐
− =𝟏
𝒌 𝒌/𝟐
which are hyperbolas symmetric about the y-axis and open up and
down.

Finally, if k < 0 the level curves are in the form

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
− = 𝟏.
(−k/2) (−𝒌)

This is a family of hyperbolas that are symmetric about the x-axis and
open right and left.

Question #9: Level Surfaces


𝟏
Let 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = .
√𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 +𝒛𝟐 −𝟒

(a) Find the domain of f.


(b) Find the level surfaces of f.

Answer:

√𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 − 𝟒 is defined whenever 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 − 𝟒 ≥ 0 or 𝒙𝟐 +


𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 ≥ 4 and to avoid division by zero we need that 𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 >
4. Thus the domain of f is 𝑫 = {(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) |𝒙𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛𝟐 > 4}, the points
outside the sphere of center (0, 0, 0) and radius 2.
𝟏
The level surfaces are = 𝒌, where 𝑘 ≥ 0. These form a
√𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐 +𝒛𝟐 −𝟒

𝟏
family of concentric spheres with center (0, 0, 0) and radius √𝟒 +
𝒌𝟐

𝟏
𝒙 𝟐 + 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒛 𝟐 = 𝟒 + .
𝒌𝟐

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