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Calculus III
Study concepts, example questions & explanations

Question #1: Partial Derivatives

Find the first partial derivatives of the function 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒚 𝐥𝐧(𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟐 ).

Answer:
𝑑 𝑢′ 𝑑
Recall that 𝑙𝑛𝑢 = and (𝑢 ∙ 𝑣) = 𝑢 ∙ 𝑣 ′ + 𝑢′ ∙ 𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑢 𝑑𝑥

𝜕𝑓 3𝑥 2 3𝑦𝑥 2
𝑓𝑥 = 𝜕𝑥 = 𝑦 𝒙𝟑 +𝒚𝟐 = 𝒙𝟑 +𝒚𝟐

𝜕𝑓 2𝑦 𝟑 𝟐
2𝑦 2
𝑓𝑦 = =𝑦 𝟑 + (1) 𝐥𝐧(𝒙 + 𝒚 ) = + 𝐥𝐧(𝒙𝟑 + 𝒚𝟐 )
𝜕𝑦 𝒙 + 𝒚𝟐 𝒙 𝟑 + 𝒚𝟐

Question #2: Partial Derivatives

𝒙
Find the first partial derivatives of the function 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒙+𝒚).

Answer:
𝑑 𝑑 𝑢 𝑣∙𝑢′ −𝑢∙𝑣′
Recall that sin⁡(𝑢) = cos⁡(𝑢) ∙ 𝑢′ and ( )=
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑣 𝑣2

𝜕𝑓 𝒙 (𝒙+𝒚)∙𝟏−𝒙∙𝟏 𝒙 𝒚𝒙𝟐 𝒙 𝒙
𝑓𝑥 = 𝜕𝑥 = 𝑥 2 𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒙+𝒚) ( (𝒙+𝒚)𝟐
) + 2𝑥𝒔𝒊𝒏 (
𝒙+𝒚
)=
(𝒙+𝒚)𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒔 (𝒙+𝒚) + 2𝑥𝒔𝒊𝒏 (𝒙+𝒚)
 𝜕𝑓 𝒙 (𝒙 + 𝒚 ) ∙ 𝟎 − 𝒙 ∙ 𝟏 −𝒙𝟑 𝒙
𝑓𝑦 = = 𝑥 2 𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( )( 𝟐
) = 𝟐
𝒄𝒐𝒔 ( )
𝜕𝑦 𝒙+𝒚 (𝒙 + 𝒚) (𝒙 + 𝒚) 𝒙+𝒚

Question #3: Partial Derivatives

Find the first partial derivatives of the function
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒆𝒙𝒚 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟑𝒙)𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒚).

Answer:
𝑑 𝑑
Recall that e𝑢 = e𝑢 ∙ 𝑢′ and cos(𝑢) = −sin⁡(𝑢) ∙ 𝑢′.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝜕𝑓
𝑓𝑥 = = 𝒆𝒙𝒚 (𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟑𝒙))𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒚) + (𝒚𝒆𝒙𝒚 )𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟑𝒙)𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒚)
𝜕𝑥

⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= 𝒆𝒙𝒚 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒚)[𝟑𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟑𝒙) + 𝒚𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟑𝒙)]

𝜕𝑓
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓𝑦 = = 𝒆𝒙𝒚 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟑𝒙)(−𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝒚)) + (𝒙𝒆𝒙𝒚 )𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟑𝒙)𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒚)
𝜕𝑦
= 𝒆𝒙𝒚 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟑𝒙)[𝒙𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝟐𝒚) − 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝟐𝒚)]

Question #4: Partial Derivatives

Find the first partial derivatives of the function
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚, 𝒛) = 𝒆𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐 )𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒚).

Answer:
𝜕𝑓
𝑓𝑥 = = 𝒆𝒙 (𝒚𝒛𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐 )) 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒚) + (𝒆𝒙 )𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐 )𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒚)
𝜕𝑥

⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡= 𝒆𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒚)[𝒚𝒛𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐 ) + 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐 )]

 𝜕𝑓
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓𝑦 = = 𝒆𝒙 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐)(−𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒚)) + 𝒆𝒙 (𝒙𝒛𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐 )) 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒚)
𝜕𝑦
= 𝒆𝒙 [−𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐 )𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒚) + 𝒙𝒛𝟐𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐 )𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒚)]

𝜕𝑓
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝑓𝑧 = = 𝒆𝒙 (𝟐𝒛𝒙𝒚𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐)) 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒚) = 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝒛𝒆𝒙 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒙𝒚𝒛𝟐)𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒚)
𝜕𝑧

Question #5: Partial Derivatives

Use the limit definition of partial derivative to compute the partial
derivatives 𝑓𝑥 (0,0) and 𝑓𝑦 (0,0) of the function
𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙𝟑 +𝒚𝟒 )
⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝒊𝒇⁡⁡(𝒙, 𝒚) ≠ (𝟎, 𝟎)
𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = { 𝒙𝟐 +𝒚𝟐
𝟎⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡⁡𝒊𝒇⁡⁡(𝒙, 𝒚) = (𝟎, 𝟎)

Answer:
Using the limit definition of partial derivative we get
sin⁡(ℎ3 )
𝑓(0+ℎ,0)−𝑓(0,0) 𝑓(ℎ,0)−0 ℎ2 sin⁡(ℎ 3)
𝑓𝑥 (0,0) = lim = lim = lim = lim =1
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ3

sin⁡(ℎ4 )
4
𝑓 (0,0 + ℎ ) − 𝑓 (0,0) 𝑓 (0, ℎ ) − 0 ℎ 2 = lim sin⁡(ℎ )
𝑓𝑦 (0,0) = lim = lim = lim
ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ ℎ→0 ℎ3
sin⁡(ℎ 4 )
= lim ℎ =0∙1=0
ℎ→0 ℎ4

Question #6: Implicit Differentiation

𝝏𝒛
Find if z is defined implicitly as a function of x and y by the equation
𝝏𝒙
𝒙𝒚𝒛 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛) = 𝟗.
Answer:
𝝏𝒛
To find 𝝏𝒙, we differentiate implicitly with respect to x, being careful to
treat y as a constant

𝝏 𝝏
[𝒙𝒚𝒛 + 𝒄𝒐𝒔(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛)] = [ 𝟗]
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙

𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒛
(𝒙𝒚) + (𝟏)𝒚𝒛 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛) (1 + 0 + 5 ) = 0
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙

𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒛
(𝒙𝒚) + 𝒚𝒛 − 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛) − 𝟓𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛) =0
𝝏𝒙 𝝏𝒙

𝝏𝒛
(𝒙𝒚 − 𝟓𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛)) = 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛) − 𝑦𝑧
𝝏𝒙

𝝏𝒛 𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛) − 𝑦𝑧
=
𝝏𝒙 (𝒙𝒚 − 𝟓𝒔𝒊𝒏(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒚 + 𝟓𝒛))

Question #7: Implicit Differentiation

𝝏𝒛
Find at the point (2, 0, 1) if z is defined implicitly as a function of x
𝝏𝒚
and y by the equation
𝒙𝒛 + 𝒍𝒏(𝒛) = 𝒙 + 𝒚.

Answer:
We differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to y, holding
x constant and treating z as a differentiable function of y:

𝝏 𝝏
[𝒙𝒛 + 𝒍𝒏(𝒛)] = [𝒙 + 𝒚]
𝝏𝒚 𝝏𝒚

𝝏𝒛
𝝏𝒛 𝝏𝒚
𝒙 + =𝟎+𝟏
𝝏𝒚 𝒛

𝟏 𝝏𝒛
(𝒙 + ) =𝟏
𝒛 𝝏𝒚
 𝝏𝒛 𝟏 𝒛
= =
𝟏
𝝏𝒚 (𝒙 + ) 𝒛𝒙 + 𝟏
𝒛
𝝏𝒛 𝟏 𝟏
So, |
𝝏𝒚 (𝟐,𝟎,𝟏)
= (𝟏)(𝟐)+𝟏 = 𝟑.

Question #8: Implicit Differentiation

If resistors of RI , R2, and R3 ohms are connected in parallel to make an
R-ohm resistor, the value of R can be found from the equation
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
=𝑹 +𝑹 +𝑹 .
𝑹 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑

𝝏𝑹
Find the value of when RI = 30, R2 = 45, and R3 = 90 ohms
𝝏𝑹𝟐

Answer:
𝝏𝑹
To find 𝝏𝑹 , we treat RI and R3 as constants and, using implicit
𝟐
differentiation, differentiate both sides of the equation with respect to
R2:
𝝏 𝟏 𝝏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
( )= ( + + )
𝝏𝑹𝟐 𝑹 𝝏𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟏 𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟑

−𝟏 𝝏𝑹 𝟏
𝟐
=𝟎− 𝟐+𝟎
𝑹 𝝏𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟐

𝝏𝑹 𝑹𝟐 𝑅 2
= =( )
𝝏𝑹𝟐 𝑹𝟐 𝟐 𝑅𝟐

When RI = 30, R2 = 45, and R3 = 90 ohms

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
= 𝑹 + 𝑹 + 𝑹 = 𝟑𝟎 + 𝟒𝟓 + 𝟗𝟎 = 𝟏𝟓.
𝑹 𝟏 𝟐 𝟑

So, R = 15 and

𝝏𝑹 15 2 1
=( ) = .
𝝏𝑹𝟐 45 9
Question #9: Higher Derivatives
Find the second partial derivatives for 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟒 + 𝒚√𝒙 + 𝟒𝒚.

Answer:

𝜕𝑓 𝟏 𝟏
𝑓𝑥 = = 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟒 + 𝒚 + 𝟎 = 𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟒 + 𝒚𝒙−𝟏/𝟐
𝜕𝑥 𝟐√𝒙 𝟐

𝜕𝑓
⁡𝑓𝑦 = = 4𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 + √𝒙 + 𝟒
𝜕𝑦

𝜕2𝑓 𝝏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑓𝑥𝑥 = 2
= [𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟒 + 𝒚𝒙−𝟏/𝟐 ] = 𝟐𝒚𝟒 + 𝒚 (− 𝒙−𝟑/𝟐 ) = 𝟐𝒚𝟒 − 𝒚𝒙−𝟑/𝟐
𝜕𝑥 𝝏𝒙 𝟐 𝟐 𝟐 𝟒

𝜕2𝑓 𝝏 𝟏
𝑓𝑦𝑦 = 2= [4𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 + √𝒙 + 𝟒] = 𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 + 𝒙−𝟏/𝟐
𝜕𝑦 𝝏𝒚 𝟐

𝜕2𝑓 𝝏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑓𝑥𝑦 = = [𝟐𝒙𝒚𝟒 + 𝒚𝒙−𝟏/𝟐 ] = 𝟖𝒙𝒚𝟑 + 𝒙−𝟏/𝟐
𝜕𝑦𝜕𝑥 𝝏𝒚 𝟐 𝟐

𝜕2𝑓 𝝏 𝟏
𝑓𝑦𝑥 = = [4𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟑 + √𝒙 + 𝟒] = 𝟖𝒙𝒚𝟑 + 𝒙−𝟏/𝟐
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 𝝏𝒙 𝟐