STATE MODEL SYLLABUS

GOVERNMENT AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE, ANGUL

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS

Course structure of UG Mathematics Honours

Preamble
Mathematics is an indispensable tool for much of science and engineering. It provides the basic
language for understanding the world and lends precision to scientific thought. The mathematics
program at Universities of Odisha aims to provide a foundation for pursuing research in
Mathematics as well as to provide essential quantitative skills to those interested in related fields.
With the maturing of the Indian industry, there is a large demand for people with strong analytical
skills and broad-based background in the mathematical sciences.

HONOURS PAPERS:
Core course – 14 papers

Discipline Specific Elective – 4 papers (out of the 5 papers suggested)

Generic Elective for non Mathematics students – 4 papers. Incase University offers 2 subjects as
GE, then papers 1 and 2 will be the GE paper.
Marks per paper –

For practical paper: Mid term : 15 marks, End term : 60 marks, Practical- 25 marks

For non practical paper: Mid term : 20 marks, End term : 80 marks

Total – 100 marks Credit per paper – 6

Teaching hours per paper –

Practical paper-40 hours theory classes + 20 hours Practical classes

Non Practical paper-50 hours theory classes + 10 hours tutorial

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 1

 CORE PAPER-1
CALCULUS
Objective: The main emphasis of this course is to equip the student with necessary analytic and technical
skills to handle problems of mathematical nature as well as practical problems. More precisely, main
target of this course is to explore the different tools for higher order derivatives, to plot the various curves
and to solve the problems associated with differentiation and integration of vector functions.
Expected Outcomes: After completing the course, students are expected to be able to use Leibnitz’s rule
to evaluate derivatives of higher order, able to study the geometry of various types of functions, evaluate
the area, volume using the techniques of integrations, able to identify the difference between scalar and
vector, acquired knowledge on some the basic properties of vector functions.

UNIT-I
Hyperbolic functions, higher order derivatives, Leibnitz rule and its applications to problems of the type
eax+bsinx ,eax+bcosx,(ax+b)nsinx ,(ax+b)ncosx, concavity and inflection points, asymptotes, curve tracing in
Cartesian coordinates, tracing in polar coordinates of standard curves, L’ Hospitals rule, Application in
business ,economics and life sciences.

UNIT-II
Riemann integration as a limit of sum, integration by parts, Reduction formulae, derivations and
illustrations of reduction formulae of the type

∫sin xdx ,∫cos xdx,∫tan xdx,∫sec xdx,∫(logx) dx ,∫sin xcos xdx,

n n n n n n n

definite integral, integration by substitution.

UNIT-III
Volumes by slicing, disks and washers methods, volumes by cylindrical shells, parametric equations,
parameterizing a curve, arc length, arc length of parametric curves, area of surface of revolution,
techniques of sketching conics, reflection properties of conics, rotation of axes and second degree
equations, classification into conics using the discriminant, polar equations of conics.

UNIT-IV
Triple product, introduction to vector functions, operations with vector-valued functions, limits and
continuity of vector functions, differentiation and integration of vector functions, tangent and normal
components of acceleration.

LIST OF PRACTICALS
(Using any software/ MATLAB to be performed on a Computer.)

1. Plotting the graphs of the functions eax+b,log(ax+b) ,1/ax+b,sin( ax+b) ,cos⁡(ax+b) and |ax+b|to
illustrate the effect of a and b on the graph.

2. Plotting the graphs of the polynomial of degree 4 and 5.

3. Sketching parametric curves (E.g. Trochoid, cycloid, hypocycloid).

4. Obtaining surface of revolution of curves.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 2
 5. Tracing of conics in Cartesian coordinates /polar coordinates.

6. Sketching ellipsoid, hyperboloid of one and two sheets (using Cartesian co-ordinates).

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. H. Anton, I. Bivens and S. Davis, Calculus, 10thEd.,John Wiley and Sons (Asia)P. Ltd., Singapore,
2002.

2. Shanti Narayan, P. K. Mittal, Differential Calculus, S. Chand, 2014.

3. Shanti Narayan, P. K. Mittal, Integral Calculus, S. Chand, 2014.

BOOKS FOR REFERNCE:

1. James Stewart, Single Variable Calculus, Early Transcendentals, Cengage Learning, 2016.

2. G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, Calculus, 9th Ed., Pearson Education, Delhi,2005.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 3

 CORE PAPER-II

DISCRETE MATHEMATICS

Objective: This is a preliminary course for the basic courses in mathematics and all its applications. The
objective is to acquaint students with basic counting principles, set theory and logic, matrix theory and
graph theory.

Expected Outcomes: The acquired knowledge will help students in simple mathematical modeling. They
can study advance courses in mathematical modeling, computer science, statistics, physics, chemistry etc.

UNIT-I
Sets, relations, Equivalence relations, partial ordering, well ordering, axiom of choice, Zorn’s lemma,
Functions, cardinals and ordinals, countable and uncountable sets, statements, compound statements,
proofs in Mathematics, Truth tables, Algebra of propositions, logical arguments, Well-ordering property of
positive integers, Division algorithm, Divisibility and Euclidean algorithm, Congruence relation between
integers, modular arithmetic, Chinese remainder theorem, Fermat’s little theorem.

UNIT-II
Principles of Mathematical Induction, pigeonhole principle, principle of inclusion and exclusion
Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, permutation combination circular permutations binomial and
multinomial theorem, Recurrence relations, generating functions, generating function from recurrence
relations.

UNIT-III
Matrices, algebra of matrices, determinants, fundamental properties, minors and cofactors, product of
determinant, adjoint and inverse of a matrix, Rank and nullity of a matrix, Systems of linear equations,
row reduction and echelon forms, solution sets of linear systems, applications of linear systems, Eigen
values, Eigen vectors of a matrix.

UNIT-IV
Graph terminology, types of graphs, sub-graphs, isomorphic graphs, Adjacency and incidence matrices,
Paths, Cycles and connectivity, Eulerian and Hamiltonian paths, Planar graphs.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Edgar G. Goodaire and Michael M. Parmenter, Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory, 3rd Ed.,
Pearson Education (Singapore) P. Ltd., Indian Reprint, 2005.
2. Kenneth Rosen Discrete mathematics and its applications Mc Graw Hill Education 7th edition.
3. V Krishna Murthy, V. P. Mainra, J. L. Arora, An Introduction to Linear Algebra,Affiliated East-West
Press Pvt. Ltd.
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. J. L. Mott, A. Kendel and T.P. Baker: Discrete mathematics for Computer Scientists and
Mathematicians, Prentice Hall of India Pvt Ltd, 2008.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 4

 CORE PAPER-III

REAL ANALYSIS

Objective: The objective of the course is to have the knowledge on basic properties of the field of real
numbers, studying Bolzano-Weierstrass Theorem , sequences and convergence of sequences, series of
real numbers and its convergence etc. This is one of the core courses essential to start doing
mathematics.

Expected Outcome: On successful completion of this course, students will be able to handle fundamental
properties of the real numbers that lead to the formal development of real analysis and understand
limits and their use in sequences, series, differentiation and integration. Students will appreciate how
abstract ideas and rigorous methods in mathematical analysis can be applied to important practical
problems.

UNIT-I
Review of Algebraic and Order Properties of R, ε-neighborhood of a point in R, Bounded above sets,
Bounded below sets, Bounded Sets, Unbounded sets, Suprema and Infima, The Completeness Property of
R, The Archimedean Property, Density of Rational (and Irrational) numbers in R., Intervals, Interior point, ,
Open Sets, Closed sets, , Limit points of a set , Illustrations of Bolzano-Weierstrass theorem for sets,
closure, interior and boundary of a set.

UNIT-II
Sequences and Subsequences, Bounded sequence, Convergent sequence, Limit of a sequence. Limit
Theorems, Monotone Sequences,. Divergence Criteria, Bolzano Weierstrass Theorem for Sequences,
Cauchy sequence, Cauchy’s Convergence Criterion. Infinite series, convergence and divergence of infinite
series, Cauchy Criterion, Tests for convergence: Comparison test, Limit Comparison test, Ratio Test,
Cauchy’s nth root test, Integral test, Alternating series, Leibniz test, Absolute and Conditional
convergence.

UNIT-III
Limits of functions (epsilon-delta approach), sequential criterion for limits, divergence criteria. Limit
theorems, one sided limits, Infinite limits and limits at infinity, Continuous functions, sequential
criterion for continuity & discontinuity. Algebra of continuous functions, Continuous functions on an
interval, Boundedness Theorem, Maximum Minimum Theorem, Bolzano’s Intermediate value theorem,
location of roots theorem, preservation of intervals theorem. Uniform continuity, non-uniform
continuity criteria, uniform continuity theorem, Monotone and Inverse Functions.

UNIT-IV
Differentiability of a function at a point & in an interval, Caratheodory's theorem, chain Rule, algebra of
differentiable functions, Mean value theorem, interior extremum theorem. Rolle's theorem,
intermediate value property of derivatives, Darboux's theorem. Applications of mean value theorem to
inequalities.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

rd
1. R.G. Bartle and D. R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis (3 Edition), John Wiley and Sons (Asia)
Pvt. Ltd., Singapore,2002.
2. G. Das and S. Pattanayak, Fundamentals of Mathematical Analysis, TMH Publishing Co.
ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 5
 BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
1. S.C. Mallik and S. Arora-Mathematical Analysis, New Age International Publications.
2. A.Kumar, S. Kumaresan, A basic course in Real Analysis, CRC Press, 2014.
3. Brian S. Thomson, Andrew. M. Bruckner, and Judith B. Bruckner, Elementary Real Analysis, Prentice
Hall,2001.
4. Gerald G. Bilodeau, Paul R. Thie, G.E. Keough, An Introduction to Analysis, Jones & Bartlett, Second
Edition, 2010.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 6

 CORE PAPER-IV

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Objective: Differential Equations introduced by Leibnitz in 1676 models almost all Physical, Biological,
Chemical systems in nature. The objective of this course is to familiarize the students with various
methods of solving differential equations and to have a qualitative applications through models. The
students have to solve problems to understand the methods.

Expected Outcomes: A student completing the course is able to solve differential equations and is able to
model problems in nature using Ordinary Differential Equations. This is also prerequisite for studying the
course in Partial Differential Equations and models dealing with Partial Differential Equations.

UNIT-I
Differential equations and mathematical models, General, Particular, explicit, implicit and singular
solutions of a differential equation. Exact differential equations and integrating factors, separable
equations and equations reducible to this form, linear equations and Bernoulli’s equation, special
integrating factors and transformations.

UNIT-II
Introduction to compartmental models, Exponential decay radioactivity (case study of detecting art
forgeries), lake pollution model (with case study of Lake Burley Griffin), drug assimilation into the blood
(case study of dull, dizzy and dead), exponential growth of population, Density dependent growth,
Limited growth with harvesting.

UNIT-III
General solution of homogeneous equation of second order, principle of superposition, Wronskian, its
properties and applications, method of undetermined coefficients, Method of variation of parameters,
Linear homogeneous and non-homogeneous equations of higher order with constant coefficients, Euler’s
equation.

UNIT-IV
Equilibrium points, Interpretation of the phase plane, predatory-pray model and its analysis, epidemic
model of influenza and its analysis, battle model and its analysis.

Practical / Lab work to be performed on a computer:

Modeling of the following problems using Matlab / Mathematica / Maple etc.

1. Plotting of second & third order solution family of differential equations.

2. Growth & Decay model (exponential case only).
3. (a) Lake pollution model (with constant/seasonal flow and pollution concentration)/ (b) Case of single
cold pill and a course of cold pills.
(c) Limited growth of population (with and without harvesting).

4. (a) Predatory- prey model (basic volterra model, with density dependence, effect of DDT, two prey
one predator).
(b) Epidemic model of influenza (basic epidemic model, contagious for life, disease withcarriers).
ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 7
 (c) Battle model (basic battle model, jungle warfare, long range weapons).
5. Plotting of recursive sequences.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. J. Sinha Roy and S Padhy: A course of Ordinary and Partial differential equation Kalyani Publishers,
New Delhi.

2. Belinda Barnes and Glenn R. Fulford, Mathematical Modeling with Case Studies, A Differential
Equation Approach using Maple and Matlab, 2ndEd., Taylor and Francis group, London and New
York,2009.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. Simmons G F, Differential equation, Tata Mc Graw Hill, 1991.
2. Martin Braun, Differential Equations and their Applications, Springer International, StudentEd.
3. S. L. Ross, Differential Equations, 3rd Edition, John Wiley and Sons, India.
4. C.Y. Lin, Theory and Examples of Ordinary Differential Equations, World Scientific, 2011.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 8

 CORE PAPER-V
THEORY OF REAL FUNCTIONS
Objective: The objective of the course is to have knowledge on limit theorems on functions, limits of
functions, continuity of functions and its properties, uniform continuity, differentiability of functions,
algebra of functions and Taylor’s theorem and, its applications. The student how to deal with real
functions and understands uniform continuity, mean value theorems.

Expected Outcome: On the completion of the course, students will have working knowledge on the
concepts and theorems of the elementary calculus of functions of one real variable. They will work
out problems involving derivatives of function and their applications. They can use derivatives to
analyze and sketch the graph of a function of one variable, can also obtain absolute value and
relative extrema of functions. This knowledge is basic and students can take all other analysis
courses after learning this course.

UNIT-I
L’ Hospital’s Rules, other Intermediate forms, Cauchy's mean value theorem, Taylor's theorem with
Lagrange's form of remainder, Taylor's theorem with Cauchy's form of remainder, application of
Taylor's theorem to convex functions, Relative extreme, Taylor's series and Maclaurin's series,
expansions of exponential and trigonometric functions. UNIT-II
Riemann integration; inequalities of upper and lower sums; Riemann conditions of integrability. Riemann
sum and definition of Riemann integral through Riemann sums; equivalence of two definitions; Riemann
integrability of monotone and continuous functions; Properties of the Riemann integral; definition and
integrability of piecewise continuous and monotone functions.
Intermediate Value theorem for Integrals; Fundamental theorems of Calculus.

UNIT-III
Improper integrals: Convergence of Beta and Gamma functions. Pointwise and uniform convergence of
sequence of functions, uniform convergence, Theorems on continuity, derivability and integrability of the
limit function of a sequence of functions.

UNIT-IV
Series of functions; Theorems on the continuity and derivability of the sum function of a series of
functions; Cauchy criterion for uniform convergence and Weierstrass M-Test Limit superior and Limit
inferior, Power series, radius of convergence, Cauchy Hadamard Theorem, Differentiation and integration
of power series; Abel's Theorem; Weierstrass Approximation Theorem.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. R.G. Bartle & D. R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis, John Wiley &Sons.
2. G. Das and S. Pattanayak, Fundamentals of mathematics analysis, TMH Publishing Co.
3. S. C. Mallik and S. Arora, Mathematical analysis, New Age International Ltd., New Delhi.

BOOK FOR REFERENCES:

1. A. Kumar, S. Kumaresan, A basic course in Real Analysis, CRC Press, 2014

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 9

 2. K. A. Ross, Elementary analysis: the theory of calculus, Undergraduate Texts in
Mathematics, Springer (SIE), Indian reprint, 2004A.Mattuck, Introduction toAnalysis,
Prentice Hall

3. Charles G. Denlinger, Elements of real analysis, Jones and Bartlett (Student Edition), 2011.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 10

 CORE PAPER-VI GROUP THEORY-I

Objective: Group theory is one of the building blocks of modern algebra. Objective of this course is to
introduce students to basic concepts of group theory and examples of groups and their properties. This
course will lead to future basic courses in advanced mathematics, such as Group theory-II and ring theory.

Expected Outcomes: A student learning this course gets idea on concept and examples of groups and
their properties . He understands cyclic groups, permutation groups, normal subgroups and related
results. After this course he can opt for courses in ring theory, field theory, commutative algebras, linear
classical groups etc. and can be apply this knowledge to problems in physics, computer science,
economics and engineering.

UNIT-I
Symmetries of a square, Dihedral groups, definition and examples of groups including permutation groups
and quaternion groups (illustration through matrices), elementary properties of groups, Subgroups and
examples of subgroups, centralizer, normalizer, center of a group,

UNIT-II
Product of two subgroups, Properties of cyclic groups, classification of subgroups of cyclic groups, Cycle
notation for permutations, properties of permutations, even and odd permutations, alternating group,

UNIT-III Properties of cosets, Lagrange's theorem and consequences including Fermat's Little theorem, ..
external direct product of a finite number of groups, normal subgroups, factor groups.

UNIT-IV
Cauchy's theorem for finite abelian groups, group homomorphisms, properties of homomorphisms,
Cayley's theorem, properties of isomorphisms, first, second and third isomorphism theorems.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Joseph A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra (4th Edition), Narosa Publishing House, New
Delhi
2. John B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2002.

BOOK FOR REFERENCES:

1. M. Artin, Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed., Pearson, 2011.
2. Joseph 1. Rotman, An Introduction to the Theory of Groups, 4th Ed., Springer Verlag, 1995.
3. I. N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Limited, India, 1975.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 11

 CORE PAPER-VII

PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS AND SYSTEM OF ODEs

Objective: The objective of this course is to understand basic methods for solving Partial Differential
Equations of first order and second order. In the process, students will be exposed to Charpit’s Method,
Jacobi Method and solve wave equation, heat equation, Laplace Equation etc. They will also learn
classification of Partial Differential Equations and system of ordinary differential equations.
Expected Outcomes: After completing this course, a student will be able to take more courses on wave
equation, heat equation, diffusion equation, gas dynamics, non linear evolution equations etc. All these
courses are important in engineering and industrial applications for solving boundary value problem.

UNIT-I
Partial Differential Equations - Basic concepts and Definitions, Mathematical Problems. FirstOrder
Equations: Classification, Construction and Geometrical Interpretation. Method of Characteristics for
obtaining General Solution of Quasi Linear Equations. Canonical Forms of First-order Linear Equations.
Method of Separation of Variables for solving first order partial differential equations.

UNIT-II
Derivation of Heat equation, Wave equation and Laplace equation. Classification of second order linear
equations as hyperbolic, parabolic or elliptic. Reduction of second order Linear Equations to canonical
forms.

UNIT-III
The Cauchy problem, Cauchy problem of an infinite string. Initial Boundary Value Problems, Semi-Infinite
String with a fixed end, Semi-Infinite String with a Free end. Equations with nonhomogeneous boundary
conditions, Non- Homogeneous Wave Equation. Method of separation of variables, Solving the Vibrating
String Problem, Solving the Heat Conduction problem

UNIT-IV
Systems of linear differential equations, types of linear systems, differential operators, an operator
method for linear systems with constant coefficients, Basic Theory of linear systems in normal form,
homogeneous linear systems with constant coefficients: Two Equations in two unknown functions, The
method of successive approximations.

LIST OF PRACTICALS (USING ANY SOFTWARE)

(i) Solution of Cauchy problem for first order PDE.
(ii) Finding the characteristics for the first order PDE.
(iii) Plot the integral surfaces of a given first order PDE with initial data.
2 2
∂ u c ∂ u 0
− =
2 2
t ∂x for the following associated conditions
(iv) Solution of wave equation ∂
(a) u(x, 0) = ¢(x), ut{ (x, 0) = (x), x R, t>0
(b) u(x,0)=¢(X), ut{ (x, 0) = (x), u(0,t)=0, x (0, ), t >0
(c) u(x, 0)=¢(x), ut{ (x, 0) = (x) , ux (0,t) = 0, x (O, ), t >0
(d) u(x, 0) = ¢(x), ut (x, 0) = (x), u(0,t) = 0, u(l,t) = 0, 0<x <l, t >0

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 12

 2
∂u κ∂
u
0
∂t
(v) Solution of wave equation − ∂x2= for the following associated conditions
(a) u(x, 0) = (x), u(0,t) = a, u(l, t) = b, 0 <x <l, t >0
(b) u(x, 0) = (x), x R, 0 <t <T
(c) u(x,0)= (x), u(0,t)=a, x (0, ), t 0

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. TynMyint-U and LokenathDebnath, Linear Partial Differential Equations for Scientists and
Engineers, 4th edition, Birkhauser, Indian reprint, 2014.
2. S.L. Ross, Differential equations, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons, India,
BOOK FOR REFERENCES:
1. J Sinha Roy and S Padhy: A course of Ordinary and Partial differential equation
KalyaniPublishers,New Delhi,
2. Martha L Abell, James P Braselton, Differential equations with MATHEMATICA, 3rd Ed., Elsevier
Academic Press, 2004.
3. Robert C. Mc Owen: Partial Differential Equations, Pearson Education Inc.
4. T Amarnath: An Elementary Course in Partial Differential Equations, Narosa Publications.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 13

 CORE PAPER-VIII NUMERICAL METHODS AND SCIENTIFIC COMPUTING

Use of Scientific Calculator is allowed.

Objective: Calculation of error and approximation is a necessity in all real life, industrial and scientific
computing. The objective of this course is to acquaint students with various numerical methods of finding
solution of different type of problems, which arises in different branches of science such as locating roots
of equations, finding solution of systems of linear equations and differential equations, interpolation,
differentiation, evaluating integration.

Expected Outcome: Students can handle physical problems to find an approximate solution. After getting
trained a student can opt for advance courses in numerical analysis in higher mathematics. Use of good
mathematical software will help in getting the accuracy one need from the computer and can assess the
reliability of the numerical results, and determine the effect of round off error or loss of significance.

UNIT-I
Rate of convergence, Algorithms, Errors: Relative, Absolute, Round off, Truncation. Approximations in
Scientific computing, Error propagation and amplification, conditioning, stability and accuracy, computer
arithmetic mathematical software and libraries, visualisation, Numerical solution of non-linear equations:
Bisection method, Regula- Falsi method, Secant method, Newton- Raphson method, Fixed-point Iteration
method.

UNIT-II
Rate of convergence of the above methods. System of linear algebraic equations: Gaussian Elimination
and Gauss Jordan methods. Gauss Jacobi method, Gauss Seidel method and their convergence
analysis. Computing eigen-values and eigenvectors UNIT-III

Polynomial interpolation: Existence uniqueness of interpolating polynomials. Lagrange and Newtons

divided difference interpolation, Error in interpolation, Central difference & averaging operators, Gauss-
forward and backward difference interpolation. Hermite and Spline interpolation, piecewise polynomial
interpolation.

UNIT-IV
Numerical Integration: Some simple quadrature rules, Newton-Cotes rules, Trapezoidal rule, Simpsons
rule, Simpsons 3/8th rule, Numerical differentiation and integration, Chebyshev differentiation and FFT,
Richard-son extrapolation.

PRACTICAL/LAB WORK TO BE PERFORMED ON A COMPUTER:

Use of computer aided software (CAS), for example Matlab / Mathematica / Maple / Maxima etc., for
developing the following Numerical programs:

(i) Calculate the sum 1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + 1/4 + ----------+ 1/N.
(ii) To find the absolute value of an integer.
(iii) Enter- 100 integers into an array and sort them in an ascending' order. (iv) Any two of the following
(a) Bisection Method
(b) Newton Raphson Method
ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 14
 (c) Secant Method
(d) Regular Falsi Method (v) Gauss-Jacobi Method
(vi) SOR Method or Gauss-Siedel Method
(vii) Lagrange Interpolation or Newton Interpolation
(viii) Simpson's rule.
Note: For any of the CAS Matlab / Mathematica / Maple / Maxima etc., Data types-simple data types,
floating data types, character data types, arithmetic operators and operator precedence, variables
and constant declarations, expression, input/output, relational operators, logical operators and
logical expressions, control statements and loop statements, Arrays should be introduced to the
students.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :
1. M. K. Jain, S. R. K. Iyengar and R. K. Jain, Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering
Computation, New age International Publisher, India,
2. Michael Heath: Scientific Computing : An introductory Survey.

BOOK FOR REFERENCES:

1. B. Bradie, A Friendly Introduction to Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education, India, 2007.

2. Kendall E. Atkinson: An Introduction to Numerical Analysis
3. C. F. Gerald and P. O. Wheatley, App.ied Numerical Analysis, Pearson Education, India, 7th Edition,
2008

4. S. D. Conte & S. de Boor: Elementary Numerical Analysis: An Algorithmic Approach.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 15

 CORE PAPER-IX TOPOLOGY OF METRIC SPACES

Objective: This is an introductory course in topology of metric spaces. The objective of this course is to
impart knowledge on open sets, closed sets, continuous functions, connectedness and compactness in
metric spaces.
Expected Outcomes: On successful completion of the course students will learn to work with abstract
topological spaces. This is a foundation course for all analysis courses in future.

UNIT-I
Metric spaces, sequences in metric spaces, Cauchy sequences, complete metric spaces, open and closed
balls, neighborhood, open set, interior of a set, limit point of a set, closed set, diameter of a set, Cantor's
theorem,

UNIT-II

Subspaces, Countability Axioms and Separability, Baire’s Category theorem

UNIT-III
Continuity: Continuous mappings, Extension theorems, Real and Complex valued Continuous functions,
Uniform continuity, Homeomorphism, Equivalent metrics and isometry, uniform convergence of
sequences of functions.

UNIT-IV
Contraction mappings and applications, connectedness, Local connectedness, Bounded sets and
compactness, other characterization of compactness, continuous functions on compact spaces,

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Satish Shirali&Harikishan L. Vasudeva, Metric Spaces, Springer Verlag London (2006) (First Indian
Reprint 2009)

BOOK FOR REFERENCES:

1. S. Kumaresan, Topology of Metric Spaces, Narosa Publishing House, Second Edition 2011.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 16

 CORE PAPER-X

RING THEORY

Objective: This is a second course in modern algebra which deals with ring theory. Some basics of ring
theory like rings, subrings, ideals, ring homomorphisms and their properties and. This course is an integral
part of any course on Modern algebra the ohers being Group theory and Field Theory.

Expected Outcomes: After completing this course, this will help students to continue more courses in
advanced Ring theory modules, Galois groups.

UNIT-I
Definition and examples of rings, properties of rings, subrings, integral domains and fields, characteristic
of a ring, Ideals, ideal generated by a subset of a ring, factor rings, operations on ideals.

UNIT-II
Prime and maximal ideals. Ring homomorphisms, properties of ring homomorphisms,

Isomorphism theorems I, II and III, field of quotients.

UNIT-III
Polynomial rings over commutative rings, division algorithm and consequences, principal ideal domains,
factorization of polynomials, reducibility tests, irreducibility tests, Eisenstein criterion, Unique
factorization in Z[x].

UNIT-IV
Divisibility in integral domains, irreducibles, primes, unique factorization domains, Euclidean domains.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Joseph A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra(4th Edition), Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.
2. John B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2002.
BOOK FOR REFERENCES:

1. M. Artin, Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed., Pearson, 2011.

2. Joseph 1. Rotman, An Introduction to the Theory of Groups, 4th Ed., Springer Verlag, 1995.
3. I. N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Limited, India, 1975.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 17

 CORE PAPER - XI MULTIVARIATE CALCULUS

Objective: The objective of this course to introduce functions of several variable to a student after he has
taken a course in one variable calculus. The course will introduce partial derivatives and several of its
consequences and will introduce double and triple integrals along with line integrals which are
fundamental to all streams where calculus can be used.

Expected Outcomes: After reading this course a student will be able to calculate partial derivatives,
directional derivatives, extreme values and can calculate double, triple and line integrals. He will have
idea of basic vector calculus including green’s theorem, divergence theorem.and stokes theorem. He can
take courses in calculus on manifolds, Differential geometry and can help in numerical computations
involving several variables.

UNIT-I
Functions of several variables, limit and continuity of functions of two variables. Partial differentiation,
total differentiability and differentiability, sufficient condition for differentiability. Chain rule for one and
two independent parameters, directional derivatives, the gradient, maximal and normal property of the
gradient, tangent planes.

UNIT-II
Extrema of functions of two variables, method of Lagrange multipliers, constrained optimization
problems.

Definition of vector field, divergence and curl, Double integration over rectangular region, double
integration over nonrectangular region. Double integrals in polar co-ordinates,

UNIT-III
Triple integrals, Triple integral over a parallelepiped and solid regions. Volume by triple integrals,
cylindrical and spherical co-ordinates. Change of variables in double integrals and triple integrals.

UNIT-IV
Line integrals, Applications of line integrals: Mass and Work. Fundamental theorem for line integrals,
conservativevector fields, independence of path. Green's theorem, surface integrals, integrals over
parametrically defined surfaces. Stokes' theorem, The Divergence theorem.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. M. J, Strauss, G. L. Bradley and K. J. Smith, Calculus (3rd Edition), Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
(Pearson Education), Delhi, 2007.
2. S C Mallik and S Arora: Mathematical Analysis, New Age International Publications

BOOK FOR REFERENCES:

1. G.B. Thomas and R.L. Finney, Calculus, 9th Ed., Pearson Education, Delhi, 2005.
2. E. Marsden, A.J. Tromba and A. Weinstein, Basic Multivariable Calculus, Springer(SIE). Indian reprint,
2005.
3. James Stewart, Multivariable Calculus, Concepts and Contexts,2nd Ed., Brooks/Cole, Thomson
Learning, USA, 2001.
4. S Ghorpade, B V Limaye, Multivariable calculus, Springer international edition

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 18

 CORE PAPER –XII

LINEAR ALGEBRA

Objective: Linear algebra is a basic course in almost all branches of science. A full course in
undergraduate program will help students in finding real life applications later.. The objective of this
course is to introduce a student the basics of linear algebra and some of its application

Expected Outcomes: The student will use this knowledge wherever he/She goes after undergraduate
program. It has applications in computer science, finance mathematics, industrial mathematics, bio
mathematics and what not.

UNIT-I
Vector spaces, subspaces, examples, algebra of subs paces, quotient spaces, linear combination of
vectors, linear span, linear independence, basis and dimension, dimension of subspaces.

Linear transformations, null space, range, rank and nullity of a linear transformation.

UNIT-II
Matrix representation of a linear transformation, Algebra of linear transformations, Isomorphisms,
Isomorphism theorems, invertibility and isomorphisms, change of coordinate matrix, Dual spaces, dual
basis, double dual, transpose of a linear transformation and its matrix in the dual basis, annihilators,
Basics of Fields.

UNIT-III
Eigenspaces of a linear operator, diagonalizability. Invariant subspaces and Cayley-Hamilton theorem, the
minimal polynomial for a linear operator, Inner product spaces and norms,
GramSchmidtorthogonalization process,

UNIT-IV
Orthogonal complements, Bessel's inequality, the adjoint of a linear operator, Least Squares
Approximation, minimal solutions to systems of linear equations, Normal and self-adjoint operators,
Orthogonal projections and Spectral theorem.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Stephen H. Friedberg, Arnold J. Insel, Lawrence E. Spence, Linear Algebra (4th Edition), Pearson, 2018.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. Rao A R and BhimSankaram Linear Algebra Hindustan Publishing house.
2. Gilbert Strang, Linear Algebra and its Applications, Thomson, 2007.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 19

 CORE PAPER-XIII COMPLEX ANALYSIS

Objectives: The objective of the courseis aimed to provide an introduction to the theories for functions of
a complex variable. The concepts of analyticity and complex integration are presented. The Cauchy’s
theorem and its applications, the calculus of residues and its applications are discussed in detail.

Expected Outcomes: Students will be able to handle certain integrals not evaluated earlier and will know
a technique for counting the zeros of polynomials. This course is prerequisite to many other advance
analysis courses.

UNIT-I
Complex Numbers and Complex plane: Basic properties, convergence, Sets in the Complex plane,
Functions on the Complex plane: Continuous functions, holomorphic functions, power series, Integration
along curves.

UNIT-II
Cauchy’s Theorem and Its Applications: Goursat’s theorem, Local existence of primitives and Cauchy’s
theorem in a disc, Evaluation of some integrals, Cauchy’s integral formulas.

UNIT-III
Morera’s theorem, Sequences of holomorphic functions, Holomorphic functions defined in terms of
integrals, Schwarz reflection principle, Zeros and poles.

UNIT-IV
Meromorphic Functions and the Logarithm: The residue formula, Examples, Singularities and
meromorphic functions, The argument principle and applications, The complex logarithm.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Elias M. Stein & Rami Shakarchi, Complex Analysis, Princeton University press, Princeton and Oxford,
2003.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. James Ward Brown and Ruel V. Churchill, Complex Variables and Applications (Eighth Edition), McGraw
- Hill International Edition, 2009.
2. G. F. Simmons, Introduction to Topology and Modern Analysis, Mcgraw-Hill, Edition 2004.
3. Joseph Bak and Donald 1. Newman, Complex analysis (2ndEdition), Undergraduate Texts in
Mathematics, Springer-Verlag New York, Inc., New York, 1997.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 20

 CORE PAPER-XIV
GROUP-THEORY-II
Objective: The objective of this course is to be exposed to more advanced results in group theory after
completing a basic course. The course introduces results on automorphism, commutator subgroup, group
action Sylow theorems etc.
Expected Outcomes: The knowledge of automorphism helps to study more on field theory. Students
learn on direct products, group actions, class equations and their applications with proof of all results .
This course helps to opt for more advanced courses in algebra and linear classical groups.

UNIT-I
Automorphism, inner automorphism, automorphism groups, automorphism groups of finite and infinite
cyclic groups, applications of factor groups to automorphism groups. characteristic subgroups.

UNIT-II
Commutator subgroup and its properties, Properties of external direct products, the group of units
modulo n as an external direct product, internal direct products, Fundamental Theorem of finite abelian
groups.

UNIT-III
Group actions, stabilizers and kernels, permutation representation associated with a given group action,
Application of group actions: Generalized Cayley's theorem, Index theorem.

UNIT-IV
Groups acting on themselves by conjugation, class equation and consequences, conjugacy in Sn , p -
groups, Sylow's theorems and consequences, Cauchy's theorem, Simplicity of A n for n 5, non-simplicity
tests.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. John B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

2. Joseph A. GallianContemporary Abstract Algebra (4th Edition), Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi.

BOOK FOR REFERENCES:

1. M. Artin, Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed., Pearson, 2011.
2. David S. Dummit and Richard M. Foote, Abstract Algebra, 3rd Ed., John Wiley and Sons (Asia) Pvt.
Ltd., Singapore, 2004.
3. J.R. Durbin, Modern Algebra, John Wiley & Sons, New York Inc., 2000.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 21

 Discipline Specific Elective Paper-1

LINEAR PROGRAMMING

Objective: The objective of this course is to familiarize industrial problems to students with various
methods of solving Linear Programming Problems, Transportation Problems, Assignment Problems and
their applications. Also, students will know the application of linear Programming method in Game
Theory.

Expected Outcomes: More knowledge on this topic in higher studies will help students to deal industrial
models. This is also prerequisite for studying advanced courses in Nonlinear Programming Problems,
Inventory Control Problem and Queuing Theory etc.

UNIT-I
Introduction to linear Programming problem, Theory of simplex method, optimality and
unboundedness, the simplex algorithm, simplex method in tableau format, introduction to artificial
variables, two-phase method, Big-M method and their comparison.

UNIT-II
Duality, formulation of the dual problem, primal-dual relationships, Fundamental Theorem of Duality,
economic interpretation of the dual.

UNIT-III
Transportation problem and its mathematical formulation, northwest-corner method least cost method
and Vogel approximation method for determination of starting basic solution, algorithm for solving
transportation problem. Assignment problem and its mathematical formulation, Hungarian method for
solving assignment problem.

UNIT-IV
Game theory: formulation of two person zero sum games, solving two person zero sum games, games
with mixed strategies, graphical solution procedure, linear programming solution of games.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :
1. KantiSwarup, Operations Research, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi. Books.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. S. Hillier and G.J. Lieberman, Introduction to Operations Research- Concepts and Cases (9th Edition),
TataMcGraw Hill, 2010.
2. Mokhtar S. Bazaraa, John J. Jarvis and Hanif D. Sherali, Linear Programming and Network Flows (2nd
edition), John Wiley and Sons, India, 2004.
3. G. Hadley, Linear Programming, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2002.
4. Hamdy A. Taha, Operations Research: An Introduction (10th edition), Pearson, 2017.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 22

 Discipline Specific Elective Paper-II

Probability and Statistics

Objective: The objective of the course is to expertise the student to the extensive role of statistics in
everyday life and computation, which has made this course a core course in all branches of mathematical
and engineering sciences.
Expected Outcome: The students shall learn probability and statistics for various random variables,
multivariate distributions, correlations and relations. He shall learn law of large numbers and shall be able
to do basic numerical calculations.

UNIT-I
Probability: Introduction, Sample spaces, Events, probability of events, rules of probability, conditional

probability, independent events, Bayes’s theorem, '.

Probability distributions and probability densities: random variables, probability distributions, continuous
random variables, probability density functions, Multivariate distributions, joint distribution function, joint
probability density function, marginal distributions, conditional distributions, conditional density, The
theory in practice, data analysis, frequency distribution, class limits, class frequencies, class boundary,
class interval, class mark, skewed data, multimodality, graphical representation of the data, measures of
location and variability. Population, sample, parameters UNIT-II

Mathematical Expectation: Introduction, expected value of random variable, moments, Chebyshev’s

theorem, moment generating functions, product moments, moments of linear combinations of random
variables, conditional expectations, the theory in practice, measures of location, dispersion

UNIT-III
Special probability distributions: Discrete Uniform distribution, binomial distribution, Negative binomial,
geometric, hypergeometric, poisson, multinomial distribution, multinomial. Special probability densities;
Uniform distribution, gamma, exponential, gamma, chi-square, beta distribution, normal, normal
approximation to binomial, bivariate normal, Functions of random variables, distribution function
technique, transformation technique-one variable, several variables, moment generating function
technique,

UNIT-IV
Sampling distributions: population distribution, random sample, sampling distribution of mean, Central
Limit theorem, Sampling distribution of the mean: finite populations, chi-square, t, F distributions,
regression and correlation: Bivariate regression, regression equation, Linear regression, method of least
squares.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Irwin Miller and Marylees Miller, John E. Freund's Mathematical Statistics with Applications (8thEdition),
Pearson, Asia, 2014.
BOOK FOR REFERENCES:
l. Robert V. Hogg, Joseph W. McKean and Allen T. Craig, Introduction to Mathematical Statistics,
Pearson Education, Asia, 2007.
2.Alexander M. Mood, Franklin A. Graybill and Duane C. Boes, Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, (3rd
Edition), Tata McGraw- Hill, Reprint 2007.

3. Sheldon Ross, Introduction to Probability Models (9th Edition), Academic Press, Indian Reprint, 2007.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 23

 Discipline Specific Elective Paper-III

DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY
Objective: After learning methods on curve tracing and Analytic Geometry, the objective of this course is
to teach Differential geometry of curves and surfaces which trains a student using tools in calculus to
derive intrinsic properties of plain curves and space curves.
Expected Outcome: After completing this course a student will learn on serret-Frenet formulae, relation
between tangent, normal and binormals, first and second fundamental forms and ideas on various
curvatures. He has scope to take more advanced courses in surface theory and geometry.

UNIT-I
Theory of Space Curves: Space curves, Planer curves, Curvature, torsion and Serret-Frenet formulae.
Osculating circles, Osculating circles and spheres. Existence of space curves.

UNIT-II
Evolutes and involutes of curves. Theory of Surfaces: Parametric curves on surfaces, surfaces of
revolution, helicoids, Direction coefficients. First and second Fundamental forms.

UNIT-III
Principal and Gaussian curvatures. Lines of curvature, Euler’s theorem. Rodrigue’s formula, Conjugate and
Asymptotic lines. Developables: Developable associated with space curves and curves on surfaces,
Minimal surfaces.

UNIT-IV
Geodesics: Canonical geodesic equations. Nature of geodesics on a surface of revolution. Clairaut’s
theorem. Normal property of geodesics. Torsion of a geodesic. Geodesic curvature. Gauss-Bonnet
theorem. Surfaces of constant curvature.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :
1. T.J. Willmore, An Introduction to Differential Geometry, Dover Publications, 2012.
BOOK FOR REFERENCES:
1. A. Pressley, Elementary Differential Geometry, Springer Internationl Edition, 2014.
2. O'Neill, Elementary Differential Geometry, 2nd Ed., Academic Press, 2006.
3. C.E. Weatherburn, Differential Geometry of Three Dimensions, Cambridge University Press 2003.
4. D.J. Struik, Lectures on Classical Differential Geometry, Dover Publications, 1988.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 24

 Discipline Specific Elective Paper-IV

NUMBER THEORY
Objective: The main objective of this course is to build up the basic theory of the integers, prime numbers
and their primitive roots, the theory of congruence, quadratic reciprocity law and number theoretic
functions, Fermat’s last theorem, to acquire knowledge in cryptography specially in RSA encryption and
decryption.

Expected Outcomes: Upon successful completion of this course students will able to know the basic
definitions and theorems in number theory, to identify order of an integer, primitive roots, Euler's
criterion, the Legendre symbol, Jacobi symbol and their properties, to understand modular arithmetic
number-theoretic functions and apply them to cryptography.

UNIT- I
Linear Diophantine equation, prime counting function, statement of prime number theorem, Goldbach
conjecture, linear congruences, complete set of residues, Chinese remainder theorem, Fermat's little
theorem, Wilson's theorem. UNIT-II
Number theoretic functions, sum and number of divisors, totally multiplicative'-1.
functions, definition and properties of the Dirichlet product, the Mobius inversion formula, the
greatest integer function, Euler's phi-function, Euler's theorem, reduced set of residues, some
properties of Euler's phi-function.

UNIT-III
Order of an integer modulo n, primitive roots for primes, composite numbers having primitive roots,
Euler's criterion, the Legendre symbol, Jacobi symbol and their properties, quadratic reciprocity,
quadratic congruences with composite moduli.

UNIT-IV
Affine ciphers, Hill ciphers, p vgh vg gvublic key cryptography, RSA encryption and decryption, the
equation x2+ y2=z2,Fermat's Last Theorem.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. David M.Burton, Elementary Number Theory (6thEdition), TataMcGraw-Hill Edition, Indian reprint,
2007.
BOOK FOR REFERENCES:
1. Thomas Koshy, Elementary Number Theory with Applications (2nd Edition), Academic Press, 2007.
2. Neville Robinns, Beginning Number Theory (2ndEdition), Narosa Publishing House Pvt.
Limited, Delhi,2007.

OR

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 25

 Discipline Specific Elective Paper-IV

PROJECT

Guidelines for +3 (CBCS) Under Graduate(B.A./B.Sc.) Mathematics (Honours) Project

1. Any student registering for doing project is required to inform the HOD, Mathematics the name
of his/her project supervisor(s) at the time of pre-registration.
2. By the last date of add and drop, the student must submit the “Project Registration Form’’,
appended as Annexure-I to this document, to the HOD, Mathematics. This form requires a project
title, the signature of the student, signature(s) of the supervisor(s) and the signature of the HOD,
Mathematics of the college/university.
3. The project supervisor(s) should normally be a faculty member(s) of the Department of
Mathematics and the topic of the project should be relevant to Mathematical Sciences. If a
student desires to have a Project Supervisor from another department of the institute, the prior
approval for the same should be sought from the HOD, Mathematics.
4. A student may have at the most two Project Supervisors. If a student desires to have two
supervisors, at least one of these should be from the Department of Mathematics.
5. The student(s) will be required to submit one progress report and a final report of the Project to
the HOD, Mathematics. The progress report is to be submitted in the sixth week of the semester
in which the project is undertaken. The hard copy and an electronic version of the final report of
the project should be submitted two weeks before the end semester examination of the sixth
semester. In addition the student will be required to make an oral presentation in front of a
committee (Under Graduate (B.A./ B.Sc.) Mathematics (Honours) Project committee of the
college in which supervisor is one of the members) constituted for this purpose by the
Department of Mathematics of the college.
6. The student is expected to devote about 100 hours. The project will be evaluated by a committee
of faculty members at the end of the sixth semester. The committee will be constituted by the
Under Graduate (B.A./B.Sc.) Mathematics (Honours) Project committee of the college keeping in
mind the areas of project they will cover.
7. In each semester the grade of a student will be awarded by the committee in consultation with
his/her project supervisor(s). The project is evaluated on the basis of the following components:
First Progress Reports: 20%; second/Final Report: 30%; Presentation: 30%; Viva: 20%.
8. Project progress reports should normally be no longer than 250 words and final report should not
be longer than 40 A4 size pages in double spacing. Each final project report need to contain the
following: (i) Abstract (ii) Table of contents (iii) Review of literature (iv) Main text(v) List of
references. It may be desirable to arrange the main text as an introduction, the main body and
conclusions.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 26

 GUIDELINES FOR STRUCTURING CONTENTS

Sequence of Contents:

The following sequence for the thesis organization should be followed:

(i) Preliminaries Title Page

Certificate

Abstract/Synopsis

Acknowledgement and/ or Dedication

Table of Contents

List of Figures, Tables, Illustrations,

Symbols, etc (wherever applicable)

(ii) Text of Thesis Introduction

The body of the thesis, summary and conclusions

(iii) Reference Material List of References, Bibliography

(iv) Appendices

NOTE:

1. Synopsis/Abstract should be self-complete and contain no

citations for which the thesis has to be referred.
2. The Text of the Thesis(a) Introduction:

Introduction may be the first chapter or its first major division. In either case, it should contain a brief
statement of the problem investigated. It should outline the scope, aim, general character of the research
and the reasons for the student’s interest in the problem.

(b) The body of Thesis

This is the substance of the dissertation inclusive of all divisions, subdivisions, tables, figures, etc.

(c) Summary and conclusions

If required, these are given as the last major division (chapter) of the text. A further and final subdivision
titled “Scope for Further Work” may follow.

(d) Reference material

The list of references should appear as a consolidated list with references listed either alphabetically or
sequentially as they appear in the text of the thesis.
ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 27
 For referencing an article in a scientific journal the suggested format should contain the following
information: authors, title, name of journal, volume number, page numbers and year. For referencing an
article published in a book, the suggested format should contain, authors, the title of the book, editors,
publisher, year, page number of the article in the book being referred to. For referencing a thesis the
suggested format should contain, author, the title of thesis, where thesis was submitted or awarded, year.

ANNEXURE-I

Department of Mathematics
Project Registration Form Name of the
college/university:

Name of the student:

Roll No. : e-mail :

Name of the supervisor(s):

Department(s): e-mail(s):

Title of the Project:

Signature of the Student:

Signature of supervisor(s): (i)

(ii)

Signature of HOD, Mathematics:

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 28

 GENERIC ELECTIVES (TWO PAPER CHOICE)

Generic Elective Paper I

CALCULUS AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Objective: Calculus invented by Newton and Leibnitz is powerful analytical tool to solve mathematical
problems which arise in all branches of science and engineering. The main emphasis of this course is to
equip the student with necessary analytic and technical skills to handle problems of a mathematical
nature as well as practical problems using calculus and differential equation. The aim should be to expose
the students to basic ideas quickly without much theoretical emphasis with importance on applications.

Excepted Outcomes: After completing the course, students are expected to be able to apply knowledge of
calculus and differential equations in the areas of their own interest.

UNIT-I

Curvature, Asymptotes, Tracing of Curves (Catenary, Cycloid, Folium of Descartes), Rectification,

Quadrature, Elementary ideas about Sphere, Cones, Cylinders and Conicoids.

UNIT-II

Reviewoflimits,continuityanddifferentiabilityoffunctionsofonevariable and their properties, Rolle’s

theorem, Mean value theorems, Taylor’s theorem with Lagrange’s theorem and Cauchy’s form of

remainder, Taylor’s series, Maclaurin’s series of sinx,cosx,ex,log(1+x ),(1+x)m, L’ Hospital’s Rule, other
Intermediate forms.

UNIT-III

Limitand Continuity of functions of several variables, Partial derivatives, Partial derivatives of higher
orders, Homogeneous functions, Change of variables, Mean value theorem, Taylors theorem and
Maclaurin’s theorem for functions of two variables(statements &applications), Maxima and Minima of
functions of two and three variables, Implicit functions, Lagrange’s multipliers (Formulae & its
applications), Concepts of Multiple integrals & its applications.

UNIT-IV

Ordinary Differential Equations of order one and degree one (variables separable, homogeneous, exact
and linear). Equations of order one but higher degree. Second order linear equations with constant
coefficients, homogeneous forms, Second order equations with variable coefficients, Variation of
parameters.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Shanti Narayan, P. K. Mittal, Differential Calculus, S. Chand, 2014.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 29

 2. Shanti Narayan, P. K. Mittal, Integral Calculus, S. Chand, 2014.

3. S.C. Mallik and S. Arora-Mathematical Analysis, New Age International Publications.

4. J. Sinharoy and S. Padhy: A Course of Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations, Kalyani
Publishers.

BOOK FOR REFERENCES:

1. H.Anton,I.Bivens and S.Davis,Calculus,10thEd.,John Wiley and Sons (Asia) P. Ltd., Singapore, 2002.

2. Shanti Narayan and P.K. Mittal-Analytical Solid Geometry, S. Chand & Company Pvt.
Ltd., New Delhi.

3. Martin Braun-Differential Equations and their Applications-Martin Braun, Springer International.

4. B. P.Acharya and D. C.Sahu: Analytical Geometry of Quadratic Surfaces, Kalyani Publishers.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 30

 Generic Elective Paper II

ALGEBRA

Objective: This is a preliminary course for the basic courses in mathematics like, abstract algebra and
linear algebra. The objective is to acquaint students with the properties of natural numbers i.e. Euclidean
algorithm, congruence relation, fundamental theorem of arithmetic, etc. The basics of linear algebra i.e.
vector spaces, matrices are introduced here.

Expected Outcomes: The acquired knowledge will help students to study further courses in mathematics
like, group theory, ring theory and field theory and linear algebra. It has applications not only in higher
mathematics but also in other science subjects like computer science, statistics, physics, chemistry etc.

UNIT-I
Sets, relations, Equivalence relations, partial ordering, well ordering, Functions, Composition of functions,
Invertible functions, One to one correspondence and cardinality of a set, statements, compound
statements, proofs in Mathematics, Truth tables, Algebra of propositions, logical arguments

UNIT-II
Well-ordering property of positive integers, Division algorithm, Divisibility and Euclidean algorithm,
Congruence relation between integers, Principles of Mathematical Induction, statement of Fundamental
Theorem of Arithmetic.

UNIT-III
Matrices, algebra of matrices, determinants, fundamental properties, minors and cofactors, product of
determinant, adjoint and inverse of a matrix, Rank and nullity of a matrix, Systems of linear equations,
row reduction and echelon forms, solution sets of linear systems, applications of linear systems,.

UNIT-IV
Vector spaces and subspaces, examples, linear independence, linear dependence, basis, dimension,
examples, Introduction to linear transformations, matrix representation of a linear transformation, Eigen
values, Eigen vectors of amatrix.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. Edgar G. Goodaire and Michael M. Parmenter, Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory, 3 rd Ed.,
Pearson Education (Singapore) P. Ltd., Indian Reprint, 2005.
2. V Krishna Murthy, V P Mainra, J L Arora, An Introduction to Linear Algebra , Affiliated East-West
Press Pvt. Ltd
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
1. David C. Lay, Linear Algebra and its Applications,3rd Ed., Pearson Education Asia, Indian
Reprint,2007.

2. B S Vatsa and SuchiVatsa Theory of Matrices New age International third edition 2010.

3. Ward Cheney, David kincaid. Linear algebra theory and applications, Jones and Bartlett ,2010.

OR
ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 31
 GENERIC ELECTIVES ( FOUR PAPERS CHOICE)

Generic Elective Paper I

CALCULUS AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Objective: Calculus invented by Newton and Leibnitz is powerful analytical tool to solve mathematical
problems which arise in all branches of science and engineering. The main emphasis of this course is to
equip the student with necessary analytic and technical skills to handle problems of a mathematical
nature as well as practical problems using calculus and differential equation. The aim should be to expose
the students to basic ideas quickly without much theoretical emphasis with importance on applications.

Excepted Outcomes: After completing the course, students are expected to be able to apply knowledge of
calculus and differential equations in the areas of their own interest.

UNIT-I

Curvature, Asymptotes, Tracing of Curves (Catenary, Cycloid, Folium of Descartes), Rectification,

Quadrature, Elementary ideas about Sphere, Cones, Cylinders and Conicoids.

UNIT-II

Reviewoflimits,continuityanddifferentiabilityoffunctionsofonevariable and their properties, Rolle’s

theorem, Mean value theorems, Taylor’s theorem with Lagrange’s theorem and Cauchy’s form of

remainder, Taylor’s series, Maclaurin’s series of sinx,cosx,ex,log(1+x ),(1+x)m, L’ Hospital’s Rule, other
Intermediate forms.

UNIT-III

Limitand Continuity of functions of several variables, Partial derivatives, Partial derivatives of higher
orders, Homogeneous functions, Change of variables, Mean value theorem, Taylors theorem and
Maclaurin’s theorem for functions of two variables(statements &applications), Maxima and Minima of
functions of two and three variables, Implicit functions, Lagranges multipliers (Formulae & its
applications), Concepts of Multiple integrals & its applications.

UNIT-IV

Ordinary Differential Equations of order one and degree one (variables separable, homogeneous, exact
and linear). Equations of order one but higher degree.Second order linear equations with constant
coefficients, homogeneous forms, Second order equations with variable coefficients, Variation of
parameters.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 32

 BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Shanti Narayan, P. K. Mittal, Differential Calculus, S. Chand, 2014.

2. Shanti Narayan, P. K. Mittal, Integral Calculus, S. Chand, 2014.

3. S.C. Mallik and S. Arora-Mathematical Analysis, New Age International Publications.

4. J. Sinharoy and S. Padhy: A Course of Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations, Kalyani
Publishers.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. H. Anton, I. Bivens and S.Davis, Calculus, 10th Ed., John Wiley and Sons (Asia) P.
Ltd., Singapore, 2002.

2. Shanti Narayan and P.K. Mittal-Analytical Solid Geometry, S. Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.

3. Martin Braun-Differential Equations and their Applications-Martin Braun, SpringerInternational.

4. B. P.Acharya and D. C. Sahu: Analytical Geometry of Quadratic Surfaces, Kalyani Publishers.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 33

 Generic Elective Paper II

ALGEBRA
Objective: This is a preliminary course for the basic courses in mathematics like, abstract algebra and
linear algebra. The objective is to acquaint students with the properties of natural numbers i.e. Euclidean
algorithm, congruence relation, fundamental theorem of arithmetic, etc. The basics of linear algebra i.e.
vector spaces, matrices are introduced here.

Expected Outcomes: The acquired knowledge will help students to study further courses in mathematics
like, group theory, ring theory and field theory and linear algebra. It has applications not only in higher
mathematics but also in other science subjects like computer science, statistics, physics, chemistry etc.

UNIT-I
Sets ,relations, Equivalence relations, partial ordering, well ordering, Functions, Composition of functions,
Invertible functions, One to one correspondence and cardinality of a set, statements, compound
statements, proofs in Mathematics, Truth tables, Algebra of propositions, logical arguments

UNIT-II
Well-ordering property of positive integers, Division algorithm, Divisibility and Euclidean algorithm,
Congruence relation between integers, Principles of Mathematical Induction, statement of Fundamental
Theorem of Arithmetic.

UNIT-III
Matrices, algebra of matrices , determinants, fundamental properties, minors and cofactors, product of
determinant, adjoint and inverse of a matrix, Rank and nullity of a matrix, Systems of linear equations,
row reduction and echelon forms, solution sets of linear systems, applications of linear systems,.

UNIT-IV
Vector spaces and subspaces, examples, linear independence, linear dependence, basis, dimension,
examples, Introduction to linear transformations, ,matrix representation of a linear transformation, Eigen
values, Eigen vectors of amatrix.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1 Edgar G. Goodaire and Michael M. Parmenter, Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory, 3rd Ed.,
Pearson Education (Singapore) P. Ltd., Indian Reprint, 2005.
2 V Krishna Murthy, V P Mainra, J L Arora, An Introduction to Linear Algebra , Affiliated East-West
Press Pvt. Ltd

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. David C. Lay, Linear Algebra and its Applications, 3 rd Ed., Pearson Education Asia, Indian
Reprint,2007.

2. B S Vatsa and SuchiVatsa Theory of Matrices New age International third edition2010.

3. Ward Cheney, David Kincaid. Linear algebra theory and applications, Jones and
Bartlett ,2010

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 34

 Generic Elective Paper III

REAL ANALYSIS
Objective: The objective of the course is to have the knowledge on basic properties of the field of real
numbers, studying Bolzano-Weiersstrass Theorem , sequences and convergence of sequences, series of
real numbers and its convergence etc. This is one of the core courses essential to start doing
mathematics.

Expected Outcome: On successful completion of this course, students will be able to handle fundamental
properties of the real numbers that lead to the formal development of real analysis and understand
limits and their use in sequences, series, differentiation and integration. Students will appreciate how
abstract ideas and rigorous methods in mathematical analysis can be applied to important practical
problems.

UNIT-I
Review of Algebraic and Order Properties of R, ε-neighborhood of a point in R, Idea of countable sets,
uncountable sets and uncountability of R, Bounded above sets, Bounded below sets, Bounded Sets,
Unbounded sets, Suprema and Infima, The Completeness Property of R, The Archimedean Property,
Density of Rational (and Irrational) numbers in R.

UNIT-II
Intervals, Interior point, Open Sets, Closed sets, Limit points of a set , Illustrations of BolzanoWeierstrass
theorem for sets, closure, interior and boundary of a set. Sequences, Bounded sequence, Convergent
sequence, Limit of a sequence. Limit Theorems, Monotone Sequences, Monotone Convergence Theorem.
Subsequences, Divergence Criteria, Monotone Subsequence Theorem (statement only). Bolzano
Weierstrass Theorem for Sequences, Cauchy sequence, Cauchy’s Convergence Criterion.

UNIT-III
Infinite series, convergence and divergence of infinite series, Cauchy Criterion, Tests for convergence:
Comparison test, Limit Comparison test, Ratio Test, Cauchy’s nth root test, Integral test, Alternating
series, Leibniz test, Absolute and Conditional convergence.

UNIT-IV

Sequence and Series of functions, pointwise and uniform convergences, Mn test, M test, statement of
results about uniform convergence, differentiability and integrability of function, power series and radius
of convergence.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. S.C. Mallikand S. Arora- Mathematical Analysis, New Age International Publications.
2. G. Das and S. Pattanayak, Fundamentals of Mathematical Analysis, TMH Publishing Co.
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
rd
1. R.G. Bartle and D. R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis (3 Edition), John Wiley and Sons (Asia)
Pvt. Ltd., Singapore,2002.
2. A. Kumar, S. Kumaresan, A basic course in Real Analysis, CRC Press, 2014.
3. Brian S. Thomson, Andrew. M. Bruckner, and Judith B. Bruckner, Elementary Real Analysis, Prentice
Hall,2001.
4. Gerald G. Bilodeau, Paul R. Thie, G.E. Keough, An Introduction to Analysis, Jones & Bartlett, Second
Edition, 2010.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 35

 Generic Elective Paper IV

NUMERICAL METHODS

Objective: Calculation of error and approximation is a necessity in all real life, industrial and scientific
computing. The objective of this course is to acquaint students with various numerical methods of finding
solution of different type of problems, which arises in different branches of science such as locating roots
of equations, finding solution of nonlinear equations, systems of linear equations, differential equations,
Interpolation, differentiation, evaluating integration.

Expected Outcome: Students can handle physical problems to find an approximated solution. After
getting trained a student can opt for advance courses in Numerical analysis in higher mathematics. Use
of good mathematical software will help in getting the accuracy one need from the computer and can
assess the reliability of the numerical results, and determine the effect of round off error or loss of
significance.

UNIT-I
Algorithms, Convergence, Bisection method, False position method, Fixed point iteration method,
Newton’s method, Secant method.

Gauss Elimination and Gauss Jordan methods, LU decomposition, Gauss-Jacobi, GaussSiedel.

UNIT-II
Lagrange and Newton interpolation: linear and higher order, finite difference operators. UNIT-III

Numerical differentiation: forward difference, backward difference and central Difference.

UNIT-IV
Integration: trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Euler’s method, Runge-Kutta methods of orders two and
four.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar and R.K. Jain, Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering Computation,
5th Ed., New age International Publisher, India, 2007.
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
1. S. S. Sastry, Introductory method for Numerical Analysis, PHI New Delhi,2012.
2. S. D. Conte and Carl De Boor, Elementary Numerical Analysis, Mc Graw Hill, 1980.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 36

 PROPOSED STRUCTURE OF THE +3 UNDER GRADUATE (B.A/B.SC)

MATHEMATICS (PASS) SYLLABUS BASED ON CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM (CBCS)

Semester Course Number Title of the Course Number of credits Total

assigned to the course Credits
Theory Practical(P)/
Tutorial((T)
DSC 4 PAPERS

MATH- DSC-1 Calculus and Differential 5 1 6

equations

MATH-DSC2 Algebra 5 1 6

MATH-DSC-3 Real Analysis 5 1 6

MATH-DSC-4 Numerical Methods 5 1 6

DSE 2 PAPERS

MATH- DSE-1 Group Theory 5 1 6

MATH-DSE-2 Linear Programming 5 1 6

TOTAL 36

B.A./B.SC.(PASS)-MATHEMATICS MATHEMATICS PAPERS FOR PASS STUDENTS

Discipline Specific Core – 4 papers

Discipline Specific Elective – 2 papers

Marks per paper –Mid term : 20 marks, End term : 80 marks

Total – 100 marks Credit per paper – 6

Teaching hours per paper – 50 hours Theory classes + 10 hours tutorial

Discipline Specific Core Paper I

CALCULUS AND DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Objective: Calculus invented by Newton and Leibnitz is powerful analytical tool to solve mathematical
problems which arise in all branches of science and engineering. The main emphasis of this course is to
equip the student with necessary analytic and technical skills to handle problems of a mathematical
ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 37
 nature as well as practical problems using calculus and differential equation. The aim should be to expose
the students to basic ideas quickly without much theoretical emphasis with importance on applications.
Excepted Outcomes: After completing the course, students are expected to be able to apply knowledge of
calculus and differential equations in the areas of their own interest.

UNIT-I

Curvature, Asymptotes, Tracing of Curves (Catenary, Cycloid, Folium of Descartes), Rectification,

Quadrature, Elementary ideas about Sphere, Cones, Cylinders and Conicoids.

UNIT-II

Review of limits, continuity and differentiability of functions of one variable and their properties, Rolle’s
theorem, Mean value theorems, Taylor’s theorem with Lagrange’s theorem and

Cauchy’s form of remainder, Taylor’s series, Maclaurin’s series of sinx,cosx,ex,log(1+x ),(1+x)m, L’ Hospital’s
Rule, other Intermediate forms.

UNIT-III

Limitand Continuity of functions of several variables, Partial derivatives, Partial derivatives of higher
orders, Homogeneous functions, Change of variables, Mean value theorem, Taylors theorem and
Maclaurin’s theorem for functions of two variables(statements &applications), Maxima and Minima of
functions of two and three variables, Implicit functions, Lagranges multipliers (Formulae & its
applications), Concepts of Multiple integrals & its applications.

UNIT-IV

Ordinary Differentia lEquations o order one and degree one (variables separable, homogeneous, exact
and linear). Equations of order one but higher degree. Second order linear equations with constant
coefficients, homogeneous forms, Second order equations with variable
coefficients,Variationofparameters.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Shanti Narayan, P. K. Mittal, Differential Calculus, S. Chand, 2014.

2. Shanti Narayan, P. K. Mittal, Integral Calculus, S. Chand, 2014.
3. S.C. Mallik and S. Arora-Mathematical Analysis, New Age International Publications.
4. J. Sinharoy and S. Padhy: A Course of Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations, Kalyani
Publishers.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. H.Anton,I.Bivensand S.Davis,Calculus,10thEd.,JohnWileyand Sons(Asia)P.Ltd., Singapore,

2002.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 38

 2. Shanti Narayan and P.K. Mittal-Analytical Solid Geometry, S. Chand & Company Pvt. Ltd., New
Delhi.
3. Martin Braun-Differential Equations and their Applications-Martin Braun, Springer
International.
4. B. P.Acharya and D. C. Sahu: Analytical Geometry of Quadratic Surfaces, Kalyani
Publisher

Discipline Specific Core Paper II

ALGEBRA

Objective: This is a preliminary course for the basic courses in mathematics like, abstract algebra and
linear algebra. The objective is to acquaint students with the properties of natural numbers i.e. Euclidean
algorithm, congruence relation, fundamental theorem of arithmetic, etc. The basics of linear algebra i.e.
vector spaces, matrices are introduced here.

Expected Outcomes: The acquired knowledge will help students to study further courses in mathematics
like, group theory, ring theory and field theory and linear algebra. It has applications not only in higher
mathematics but also in other science subjects like computer science, statistics, physics, chemistry etc.

UNIT-I

Sets, relations, Equivalence relations, partial ordering, well ordering, Functions, Composition of functions,
Invertible functions, One to one correspondence and cardinality of a set, statements, compound
statements, proofs in Mathematics, Truth tables, Algebra of propositions, logical arguments

UNIT-II

Well-ordering property of positive integers, Division algorithm, Divisibility and Euclidean algorithm,
Congruence relation between integers, Principles of Mathematical Induction, statement of Fundamental
Theorem of Arithmetic.

UNIT-III

Matrices, algebra of matrices , determinants, fundamental properties, minors and cofactors, product of
determinant, adjoint and inverse of a matrix, Rank and nullity of a matrix, Systems of linear equations,
row reduction and echelon forms, solution sets of linear systems, applications of linear systems,.

UNIT-IV

Vector spaces and subspaces, examples, linear independence, linear dependence, basis, dimension,
examples, Introduction to linear transformations, matrix representation of a linear transformation, Eigen
values, Eigen vectors of a matrix.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED:

1. Edgar G. Goodaire and Michael M. Parmenter, Discrete Mathematics with Graph Theory, 3rd Ed.,
Pearson Education (Singapore) P. Ltd., Indian Reprint, 2005.
ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 39
 2. V Krishna Murthy, V P Mainra, J L Arora, An Introduction to Linear Algebra , AffiliatedEast-West Press
Pvt. Ltd
BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:
1. David C. Lay, Linear Algebra and its Applications, 3rdEd., Pearson Education Asia, Indian Reprint,
2007.
2. B S Vatsa and SuchiVatsa Theory of Matrices New age International third edition, 2010.

3. Ward Cheney, David Kincaid. Linear algebra theory and applications, Jones and Bartlett, 2010.

Discipline Specific Core Paper III

REAL ANALYSIS

Objective: The objective of the course isto have the knowledge on basic properties of the field of real
numbers, studying Bolzano- Weiersstrass Theorem , sequences and convergence of sequences, series of
real numbers and its convergence etc. This is one of the core courses essential to start doing
mathematics.

Expected Outcome: On successful completion of this course, students will be able to handle fundamental
properties of the real numbers that lead to the formal development of real analysis and understand
limits and their use in sequences, series, differentiation and integration. Students will appreciate how
abstract ideas and rigorous methods in mathematical analysis can be applied to important practical
problems.

UNIT-I

Review of Algebraic and Order Properties of R, ε-neighborhood of a point in R, Idea of countable sets,
uncountable sets and uncountability of R, Bounded above sets, Bounded below sets, Bounded Sets,
Unbounded sets, Suprema and Infima, The Completeness Property of R, The Archimedean Property,
Density of Rational (and Irrational) numbers in R.

UNIT-II

Intervals, Interior point, Open Sets, Closed sets, Limit points of a set , Illustrations of BolzanoWeierstrass
theorem for sets, closure, interior and boundary of a set. Sequences, Bounded sequence, Convergent
sequence, Limit of a sequence. Limit Theorems, Monotone Sequences, Monotone Convergence Theorem.
Subsequences, Divergence Criteria, Monotone Subsequence Theorem (statement only). Bolzano
Weierstrass Theorem for Sequences, Cauchy sequence, Cauchy’s Convergence Criterion.

UNIT-III

Infinite series, convergence and divergence of infinite series, Cauchy Criterion, Tests for convergence:
Comparison test, Limit Comparison test, Ratio Test, Cauchy’s nth root test, Integral test, Alternating
series, Leibniz test, Absolute and Conditional convergence.

UNIT-IV

Sequence and Series of functions, pointwise and uniform convergences, Mn test, M test, statement of
results about uniform convergence, differentiability and integrability of function, power series and radius
of convergence.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 40

 BOOKS RECOMMENDED:
1. S.C. Mallikand S. Arora-Mathematical Analysis, New Age International Publications.
2. G. Das and S. Pattanayak, Fundamentals of Mathematical Analysis, TMH Publishing Co.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

rd
1. R.G. Bartle and D. R. Sherbert, Introduction to Real Analysis (3 Edition), John Wiley and Sons

(Asia) Pvt. Ltd., Singapore,2002.

2. A.Kumar, S. Kumaresan, A basic course in Real Analysis, CRC Press, 2014.

3. BrianS.Thomson,Andrew. M.Bruckner, and JudithB. Bruckner, ElementaryReal
Analysis, Prentice Hall,2001.

4. Gerald G. Bilodeau , Paul R. Thie, G.E. Keough, An Introductionto Analysis, Jones & Bartlett,
Second Edition, 2010.

Discipline Specific Core Paper IV

NUMERICAL METHODS

Objective: Calculation of error and approximation is a necessity in all real life, industrial and scientific
computing. The objective of this course is to acquaint students with various numerical methods of finding
solution of different type of problems, which arises in different branches of science such as locating roots
of equations, finding solution of nonlinear equations, systems of linear equations, differential equations,
Interpolation, differentiation, evaluating integration.

Expected Outcome: Students can handle physical problems to find an approximated solution. After
getting trained a student can opt for advance courses in numerical analysis in higher mathematics. Use of
good mathematical software will help in getting the accuracy one need from the computer and can assess
the reliability of the numerical results, and determine the effect of round off error or loss of significance.

UNIT-I

Algorithms, Convergence, Bisection method, False position method, Fixed point iteration method,
Newton’s method, Secant method.

Gauss Elimination and Gauss Jordan methods, LU decomposition, Gauss-Jacobi, GaussSiedel.

UNIT-II

Lagrange and Newton interpolation: linear and higher order, finite difference operators. UNIT-III

Numerical differentiation: forward difference, backward difference and central Difference.

UNIT-IV

Integration: trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s rule, Euler’smethod, Runge-Kutta methods of orders two and
four.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :
ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 41
1. M.K. Jain, S.R.K. Iyengar and R.K. Jain, Numerical Methods for Scientific and Engineering Computation,
5th Ed., New age International Publisher, India, 2007.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. S. S. Sastry, Introductory method for Numerical Analysis, PHI New Delhi, 2012.
2. S. D. Conte and Carl De Boor, Elementary Numerical Analysis, Mc Graw Hill, 1980.

Discipline Specific Elective Paper –I

GROUP THEORY

Objective: Group theory is one of the building blocks of modern algebra. Objective of this course is to
introduce students to basic concepts of group theory and examples of groups and their properties. This
course will lead to future basic courses in advanced mathematics, such as Group theory-II and ring theory.

Expected Outcomes: A student learning this course gets idea on concept and examples of groups and
their properties. He understands cyclic groups, permutation groups, normal subgroups and related
results. After this course he can opt for courses in ring theory, field theory, commutative algebras, linear
classical groups etc. and can be apply this knowledge to problems in physics, computer science,
economics and engineering.

UNIT-I

Symmetries of a square, Dihedral groups, definition and examples of groups including permutation groups
and quaternion groups (illustration through matrices), elementary properties of groups, Subgroups and
examples of subgroups, centralizer, normalizer, center of a group,

UNIT-II

Product of two subgroups, Properties of cyclic groups, classification of subgroups of cyclic groups, Cycle
notation for permutations, properties of permutations, even and odd permutations, alternating group,

UNIT-III Properties of cosets, Lagrange's theorem and consequences including Fermat's Little theorem, ..
external direct product of a finite number of groups, normal subgroups, factor groups.

UNIT-IV

Cauchy's theorem for finite abelian groups, group homomorphisms, properties of homomorphisms,
Cayley's theorem, properties of isomorphisms, first, second and third isomorphism theorems.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. Joseph A. Gallian, Contemporary Abstract Algebra (4th Edition), Narosa Publishing House, New
Delhi,
2. John B. Fraleigh, A First Course in Abstract Algebra, 7th Ed., Pearson, 2002.

BOOK FOR REFERENCES:

1. M. Artin, Abstract Algebra, 2nd Ed., Pearson, 2011.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 42
 2. Joseph 1. Rotman, An Introduction to the Theory of Groups, 4th Ed., Springer Verlag, 1995.
3. I. N. Herstein, Topics in Algebra, Wiley Eastern Limited, India, 1975.

Discipline Specific Elective Paper –II

LINEAR PROGRAMMING

Objective: The objective of this course is to familiarize industrial problems to students with various
methods of solving Linear Programming Problems, Transportation Problems, Assignment Problems and
their applications. Also, students will know the application of linear Programming method in Game
Theory.

Expected Outcomes: More knowledge on this topic in higher studies will help students to deal industrial
models. This is also prerequisite for studying advanced courses in Nonlinear Programming Problems,
Inventory Control Problem and Queuing Theory etc.

UNIT-I

Introduction to linear Programming problem, Theory of simplex method, optimality and unboundedness,
the simplex alorithm, simplex method in tableau format, introduction to artificial variables, two-phase
method, Big-M method and their comparison.

UNIT-II

Duality, formulation of the dual problem, primal-dual relationships, Fundamental Theorem of Duality,
economic interpretation of the dual.

UNIT-III

Transportation problem and its mathematical formulation, northwest-corner method least cost method
and Vogel approximation method for determination of starting basic solution, algorithm for solving
transportation problem. Assignment problem and its mathematical formulation, Hungarian method for
solving assignment problem.

UNIT-IV

Game theory: formulation of two person zero sum games, solving two person zero sum games, games
with mixed strategies, graphical solution procedure, linear programming solution of games.

BOOKS RECOMMENDED :

1. KantiSwarup, Operations Research, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi. Books.

BOOKS FOR REFERENCE:

1. Mokhtar S. Bazaraa, John J. Jarvis and Hanif D. Sherali, Linear Programming and Network Flows
(2nd edition), John Wiley and Sons, India, 2004.
2. Hillier and G.J. Lieberman, Introduction to Operations Research- Concepts and Cases (9th Edition),
TataMcGraw Hill, 2010.
3. G. Hadley, Linear Programming, Narosa Publishing House, New Delhi, 2002.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 43

 4. Hamdy A. Taha, Operations Research: An Introduction (10th edition), Pearson, 2017

SKILL ENHANCEMENT COMPULSORY COURSES (SECC)

Optional for SECC II paper

Skill Enhancement Compulsory Courses (Option1)

COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Development of computer Graphics: Raster Scan and Random Scan graphics storages, displays processors
and character generators, colour display techniques, interactive input/output devices. Points, lines and
curves: Scan conversion, line-drawing algorithms, circle and ellipse generation, conic-section generation,
polygon filling anti aliasing. Two-dimensional viewing:
Coordinate systems, linear transformations, line and polygon clipping algorithms.

Books Recommended:

1. D. Hearn and M.P. Baker-Computer Graphics, 2nd Ed., PrenticeHall of India, 2004.
2. J. D. Foley, A van Dam, S.K. Feiner and J.F. Hughes-Computer Graphics: Principals and Practices,
2nd Ed., Addison-Wesley, MA, 1990.
3. D. F. Rogers-Procedural Elements in Computer Graphics, 2nd Ed., McGraw Hill Book Company,
2001.
4. D. F. Rogers and A. J. Admas-Mathematical Elements in Computer Graphics, 2nd Ed., McGraw Hill
Book Company, 1990.

SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSES (Option2)-

INFORMATION SECURITY

Overview of Security: Protection versus security; aspects of security data integrity, data availability,
privacy; security problems, user authentication, Orange Book. Security Threats: Program threats, worms,
viruses, Trojan horse, trap door, stack and buffer over flow; system threats- intruders; communication
threats- tapping and piracy. Security Mechanisms: Intrusion detection, auditing and logging, tripwire,
system-call monitoring.

Books Recommended:

1. C. Pfleeger and S. L. Pfleeger-Security in Computing, 3rd Ed., Prentice-Hall of India, 2007.

2. D. Gollmann-Computer Security, John Wiley and Sons, NY, 2002.
3. J. Piwprzyk, T. Hardjono and J. Seberry-Fundamentals of Computer Security, Springer- Verlag
Berlin, 2003. 335
4. J.M. Kizza-Computer Network Security, Springer, 2007.
5. M. Merkow and J. Breithaupt-Information Security: Principles and Practices, Pearson Education,
2006.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 44

 Training Programmes to be Imparted
1. There should be training programs in MATLAB/ PYTHON/ R/ MATHEMATICA
software for all college teachers to acquaint the teachers on state of the art.
Experts from Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata and nearby IIT’s should be invited
for the programs to add to quality.

2. The faculty members in colleges/universities should be trained in the

followingcourses at University or any Institute of Higher Learning.

a) Advanced Group Theory

b) Advanced Ring Theory
c) Differential Equations & Mathematical Modeling
d) Mathematical Finance
e) Object Oriented Programming in C++
f) Computer Graphics
g) Information Security

3. Emphasis may be given for implementation of the programs as listed in

thecourses with Practical.

4. College/universities should be provided with the recommended set of books

inadequate numbers.

5. There should be frequent visits to colleges/universities offering crash

coursesto initiate some of the new courses.

Required Equipment/Technical Experts

The following equipments/softwares shall be provided to colleges/universities for
smooth running of practical/project:

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 45

 1. There should be funding to Computer Lab with minimum of 15 computer
systems for 30 students with licensed MATLAB/ PYTHON/R/MATHEMATICA
software.
2. At least one computer programmer must be assigned in computer labs during
practical sessions.

ସରକାରୀ ସ୍ୱୟଂଶାସିତ ମହାବିଦ୍ୟାଳୟ, ଅନୁ ଗ ାଳ Page 46