POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS I

(EEE471)

Transmission Line Model:

Long Line Model

Prof. Dr. Saffet AYASUN

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Gazi University
 Long Transmission Line Model

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 Long Transmission Line Model

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 Long Transmission Line Model

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 Define the propagation constant  as
  yz    j 
where
  the attenuation constant
  the phase constant

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 Long Transmission Line Model

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 Long Transmission Line Model

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 Two-Port Representation

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 Background Information

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 Example 1

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 Example 1

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 Example 1

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 P-Model of a Long Transmission Line

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 Simplified Parameters
These values can be simplified as follows:
z l zl
Z '  ZC sinh  l  sinh  l
y l zl
sinh  l
Z with Z  zl (recalling   zy )
l
Y' 1 l y l yl l
 tanh  tanh
2 Zc 2 z l yl 2
tanh l
Y 2
 with Y  yl
2 l
2
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 Simplified Parameters
For medium lines make the following approximations:
sinh  l
Z'  Z (assumes  1)
l
Y' Y tanh( l / 2)
 (assumes  1)
2 2 l/2
sinhγl tanh(γl/2)
Length
γl γl/2
50 miles 0.9980.02 1.001  0.01
100 miles 0.9930.09 1.004  0.04
200 miles 0.9720.35 1.014  0.18
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 P-Model of a Long Transmission Line

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 Three Line Models

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 Example 2

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 Example 2

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 Example 2

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 Example 3
A three-phase, 50Hz, transmission line has a length of 300 km, the
impedance per phase is 0.01 + j 0.02 ohm/km, shunt admittance is j2x10-6
S/km. 5MVA delivered to the load where receiving-end voltage is given by
10 kV, load power factor is 0.80 lagging, determine the followings:
a) ABCD Line Parameters
b) Receiving End Current
c) Sending End Voltage
d) Sending End Current
e) Sending End Active Power
f) Sending End Reactive Power
g) Percent Voltage Regulation
h) Active Power Line Losses
i) Reactive Power Line Losses
j) Transmission Line Efficiency

It will be solved on the board….

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 Homework 1

A three-phase, 50Hz, transmission line has a length of 300 km, the

impedance per phase is 0.01 + j 0.02 ohm/km, shunt admittance is j2x10-6
S/km. 5MVA delivered to the load where receiving-end voltage is given by
10 kV, load power factor is 0.99 lagging, determine the followings:
a) ABCD Line Parameters
b) Receiving End Current
c) Sending End Voltage
d) Sending End Current
e) Sending End Active Power
f) Sending End Reactive Power
g) Percent Voltage Regulation
h) Active Power Line Losses
i) Reactive Power Line Losses
j) Transmission Line Efficiency

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 Lossless Transmission Lines

 For a lossless line

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 Example 4: Lossless Line

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 Example 4: Lossless Line

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 Example 4: Lossless Line

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 Example 4: Lossless Line

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 Example 5: Lossless Line

It will be solved on the board….

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 Surge Impedance Loading

For a lossless line the characteristic impedance, Z c ,

is known as the surge impedance.
j L L
Zc    (a real value)
jC C
If a lossless line is terminated in impedance Z c then:
VR
Zc 
IR
Then I R Z c  VR so we get...

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 Surge Impedance Loading
V ( x)  VR cosh( x)  I R Z c sinh( x),
 VR cosh  x  VR sinh  x,
 VR (cosh  x  sinh  x).
VR
I ( x)  I R cosh( x)  sinh( x)
Zc
VR VR
 cosh  x  sinh  x,
Zc Zc
VR
 (cosh  x  sinh  x)
Zc
V ( x)
That is, for every location x,  Zc .
I ( x)
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 Surge Impedance Loading

 Surge Impedance Loading (SIL):

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 Example 6: SIL

It will be solved on the board….

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 Homework 2

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 Homework 3

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